US2532846A - Manufacture of electron discharge tubes - Google Patents
Manufacture of electron discharge tubes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2532846A US2532846A US106115A US10611549A US2532846A US 2532846 A US2532846 A US 2532846A US 106115 A US106115 A US 106115A US 10611549 A US10611549 A US 10611549A US 2532846 A US2532846 A US 2532846A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- electron discharge
- manufacture
- discharge tubes
- electrodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical group [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J21/00—Vacuum tubes
- H01J21/36—Tubes with flat electrodes, e.g. disc electrode
Definitions
- the invention relates to the method of manufacture of electron discharge tubes having small inter-electrode spacings.
- the invention furthermore relates to a tube so manufactured.
- the method according to the invention of manufacturing electron tubes having small interelectrodes spacings at least one of the electrodes between which the small spacing must be adjusted is arranged in a metal cylinder so as to be slidable in the axial direction of the electrode system and the electrodes while in contact with one another are heated to a temperature exceeding the operation temperature by a predetermined number of degrees, the slidable sleeve then being secured in place by solder.
- the final spacing at the normal operation temperature varies with the coeflicients of thermal expansion of the materials of which the electrodes are made and of the insulators by which the electrodes are secured in place relatively to one another.
- l designates the glass wall of the discharge tube, in which a copper disc 2 terminating in a cylinder '3 is s aled.
- a cop er cylinder 4 is adapted to slide within the cylinder 3.
- the current for the filament coil 8 is fed by two wires 9, which are insulated from the sleeve 4 and from one anothe by two ceramic cylinders 10.
- the cathode has arranged opposite to it an anode H, the front surface l2 of which is suitably surface-ground so as to be parallel to the surface of cathode 6.
- Use is preferably made of a cathode without a sprayed emissive layer.
- the tube is arranged in a position inverted in relation to that shown in the drawing so that the anode is downwards'and since the sleeve 4 is free to move within the cylinder 3, the cathode 6 rests on the anode surface l2.
- the filament coil 8 With the use of the filament coil 8 the cathode is heated to a definite temperature exceeding the normal operation temperature. After the temperature distribution of the tube has become constant a tin ring l3 arranged between the cylinder 3 and the sleeve 4 is melted, for example, with the use of high-frequency currents.
- the tin flows between 3 and 4 and thus joins these parts together.
- the soldering area is heated till the whole of the tin is alloyed.
- the foil 5 will be subject to greater shrinkage than the surrounding glass wall, so that a small spacing will be produced between the surfaces 6 and I2.
- the size of this spacing is determined by the length and the thermal expansion coefficient of the foil 5. by the height of the disc 2 and its thermal expansion coefficient, the length of the wall between 2 and II and the length of the anode II and their thermal expansion coefiicients and their temperatures. It has been found that in this manner tubes having cathode-anode spacings of the order 0f 5; can be produced in a reproduceable manner.
- a method of manufacturing electron discharge tubes having small inter-electrode spacings characterized in that at least one of the electrodes between which the small spacing must be adjusted is arranged in a metal cylinder so as to be slidable in the axial direction of the electrode system and the electrodes are then heated to a predetermined temperature exceeding the operation temperature while in contact with one another, the slidable sleeve being then secured in place by soldering.
- a method of manufacturing electron discharge tubes having small anode-cathode struc- 3 ture spacings and in which tubes the cathode is REFERENCES CITED arranged in metal cylinder and is adjustable The following references are of record in the along the anode-cathode axis, comprising the file of this atent: steps of positioning the anode and cathode in p contact vrelation, heating the contacting anode 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS and cathode toa predetermined temperature ex- Number Name Date ceeding the tube operation temperature, and se- 2,428,610 Beggs Oct. 7, 1947 curing the metal cylinder and cathode structure 2,450,197 Ishler Sept. 28, 1948 in position by solder.
Landscapes
- Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
Description
Dec. 5,1950 1. H. JONKER 2,532,846
. I MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRON DISCHARGE TUBES Filed July 22, 1949 Patented Dec. 5, 1950 v UNITED STATE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRON DISCHARGE. 1i. a
TUBES Johannes Lodewijk Hen Netherlands, assignor Bank and Trust Company, Hartford, Conn., as
trustee drik Jonker, Eindhoven,
to Hartford National Application July 22, 1949, Serial No. 106,115
the Netherlands July 22, 1948 '2 Claims. (01. 3161'7) The invention relates to the method of manufacture of electron discharge tubes having small inter-electrode spacings. The invention furthermore relates to a tube so manufactured.
It is known to manufacture electron discharge tubes having small inter-electrode spacin s between electrodes by arranging the electrodes in contact with each other whilst a glass mass provided between supports for the electrodes is soft, it being immaterial whether or not the electrodes are heated to a high temperature. On cooling, the glass hardens and owing to the difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of metal and glass, the electrodes are retracted from each other by a definite distance. This method has a limitation in that the cooling glass is apt to be subjected to stresses liable to upset the parallel relationship between the electrode surfaces.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing an electron discharge tube having a small inter-electrode spacing. in which the aforesaid limitation is obviated and which method has the advantage that the final inter-electrode spacing does not var with the hardening temperature of the glass but instead is adjustable by means of a temperature employed during manufacture Of the tube.
In the method according to the invention of manufacturing electron tubes having small interelectrodes spacings at least one of the electrodes between which the small spacing must be adjusted is arranged in a metal cylinder so as to be slidable in the axial direction of the electrode system and the electrodes while in contact with one another are heated to a temperature exceeding the operation temperature by a predetermined number of degrees, the slidable sleeve then being secured in place by solder. The final spacing at the normal operation temperature varies with the coeflicients of thermal expansion of the materials of which the electrodes are made and of the insulators by which the electrodes are secured in place relatively to one another.
In order that the invention may be more clearly I understood and readily carried into effect, it will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing.
Referring to the drawing, l designates the glass wall of the discharge tube, in which a copper disc 2 terminating in a cylinder '3 is s aled. A cop er cylinder 4 is adapted to slide within the cylinder 3. Arranged on top of the copper sleeve 4 with the use of a molybdenum foil 5 is a cathode 6, which is adapted to be heated by means of a filament coil 8. The current for the filament coil 8 is fed by two wires 9, which are insulated from the sleeve 4 and from one anothe by two ceramic cylinders 10. The cathode has arranged opposite to it an anode H, the front surface l2 of which is suitably surface-ground so as to be parallel to the surface of cathode 6. Use is preferably made of a cathode without a sprayed emissive layer. During manufacture the tube is arranged in a position inverted in relation to that shown in the drawing so that the anode is downwards'and since the sleeve 4 is free to move within the cylinder 3, the cathode 6 rests on the anode surface l2. With the use of the filament coil 8 the cathode is heated to a definite temperature exceeding the normal operation temperature. After the temperature distribution of the tube has become constant a tin ring l3 arranged between the cylinder 3 and the sleeve 4 is melted, for example, with the use of high-frequency currents. Owing to the capillary effect, the tin flows between 3 and 4 and thus joins these parts together. In order to prevent the tin from melting at the subsequent operating temperature of the cathode, the soldering area is heated till the whole of the tin is alloyed. When the cathode temperature is then reduced to the normal operation temperature, the foil 5 will be subject to greater shrinkage than the surrounding glass wall, so that a small spacing will be produced between the surfaces 6 and I2. The size of this spacing is determined by the length and the thermal expansion coefficient of the foil 5. by the height of the disc 2 and its thermal expansion coefficient, the length of the wall between 2 and II and the length of the anode II and their thermal expansion coefiicients and their temperatures. It has been found that in this manner tubes having cathode-anode spacings of the order 0f 5; can be produced in a reproduceable manner.
What I claim is;
l. A method of manufacturing electron discharge tubes having small inter-electrode spacings, characterized in that at least one of the electrodes between which the small spacing must be adjusted is arranged in a metal cylinder so as to be slidable in the axial direction of the electrode system and the electrodes are then heated to a predetermined temperature exceeding the operation temperature while in contact with one another, the slidable sleeve being then secured in place by soldering.
2. A method of manufacturing electron discharge tubes having small anode-cathode struc- 3 ture spacings and in which tubes the cathode is REFERENCES CITED arranged in metal cylinder and is adjustable The following references are of record in the along the anode-cathode axis, comprising the file of this atent: steps of positioning the anode and cathode in p contact vrelation, heating the contacting anode 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS and cathode toa predetermined temperature ex- Number Name Date ceeding the tube operation temperature, and se- 2,428,610 Beggs Oct. 7, 1947 curing the metal cylinder and cathode structure 2,450,197 Ishler Sept. 28, 1948 in position by solder.
JOHANNES LODEWIJK HENDRIX JQNKER. ll
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL2532846X | 1948-07-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2532846A true US2532846A (en) | 1950-12-05 |
Family
ID=19874609
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US106115A Expired - Lifetime US2532846A (en) | 1948-07-22 | 1949-07-22 | Manufacture of electron discharge tubes |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2532846A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2802131A (en) * | 1952-11-21 | 1957-08-06 | Rauland Corp | Ionic discharge device construction |
US2913616A (en) * | 1957-06-10 | 1959-11-17 | Rca Corp | Grid mount and method of tube assembly |
US3054925A (en) * | 1959-01-15 | 1962-09-18 | Varian Associates | High power klystron tube apparatus |
US3287080A (en) * | 1963-06-27 | 1966-11-22 | Rca Corp | Electron tube mount and method of making the same |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2428610A (en) * | 1943-09-10 | 1947-10-07 | Gen Electric | Method and apparatus for manufacturing electric discharge devices |
US2450197A (en) * | 1945-12-29 | 1948-09-28 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Electric discharge device |
-
1949
- 1949-07-22 US US106115A patent/US2532846A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2428610A (en) * | 1943-09-10 | 1947-10-07 | Gen Electric | Method and apparatus for manufacturing electric discharge devices |
US2450197A (en) * | 1945-12-29 | 1948-09-28 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Electric discharge device |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2802131A (en) * | 1952-11-21 | 1957-08-06 | Rauland Corp | Ionic discharge device construction |
US2913616A (en) * | 1957-06-10 | 1959-11-17 | Rca Corp | Grid mount and method of tube assembly |
US3054925A (en) * | 1959-01-15 | 1962-09-18 | Varian Associates | High power klystron tube apparatus |
US3287080A (en) * | 1963-06-27 | 1966-11-22 | Rca Corp | Electron tube mount and method of making the same |
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