US2521743A - Pocket camera - Google Patents

Description

sept. 12, 195o f E PRLIN 2,521,743

POCKET CAMERA Filed N011. 28, 1947 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. FRED PERL/N `ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 12, 195o fritti:

Development Corporation, corporation of New York A Application November 28, 1947, Seria-1No 'l8l ;ll8 y 21 Claims. l(Cl. S35- 33) `The =present inventionrelates to cameras and,

more particularly; to miniature cameras c some;

' timesreferred toas fbutton hole or detective cameras'. l

An object of 'the invention is to 'provide a camera of small dimensions and simple construction.'

Another object ef the invention is te" provide a camera wherein a iilmisfsupported so as'to permit a plurali'tyof exposures without displacefmentof tlie"`lm relative to its support.

` the une v| lan efFig. legend] A further objectof .the invention is to provide a camerain which a nlm-carrying cartridge may be removably' held ina housingin such a manner that, Whenthe cartridge is withdrawn from the housing either before orafter all the exposures available havebeen completed, all light will be efectivelycut off from" Ythe lm locatedwinside the cartridge. Still another object of the invention is to provide, in or for a camera, a filmcarrying 4cartridge provided With a. light trap which protects the film from aecidentaleiposure tolightuntil the cartridge `has beenjinserted into the camera.

Yet ajfurthe'r object fof-,the invention is to provide a new.andsimpleshutter mechanism, particularly for miniature cameras; which fis yquick- I: actingfinmoperation and forms a double seal to shut out'thelight.

With above, which 'will appear `as the description proceeds, thisinvention residesin the novel construction,

' combination and'arrangement of `parts substantially as hereinafterdescribed andmore particu- .:larly defined by thefappended claims, itk being .nder'sto'od that such'clianges in the precise'ern;

bodiment of the hereindisclosed'invention may be made as come yWithin the scope of the claims.

Thev accompa'nying drawings illustrate one .complete example of lthe physical embodiment of the invention constructed according to thelbest and other vobjects lin view,

New York, a

Figi 6a is a fragmentary view 'siniilar'fto 6, showing'a'modication; d

Figs." 7, 8 and 9 show the shuttermechanism in three different positions; i

"Fig. 10 isa View similarto Figj5f`showing a modified form 4v'of camera accordingfto the in- Fig. 11 is a longitudinal crojssseotion on Fig 1.2is'a'1ongitudifg1a1-fero -eeaenftakefrion vReferring tothe drawing, camera-according to the invention'coin'pri's'esI ahousing, `generally'indicated at 13 Vand'lacartridgagenerally indicated at I4. The housing I3 has the general `form of a socket,r comprising the cylindrical' `Wall I5 and the front Wallv Iii'` which. is recessed at` Il,

I8 and apertured at IS. Recesses I1 and I3 serve to accommodate, respectivelya 'klever 2E) land a disc2l, forming part of Vthe shutter mech- "anism 'members 20, 2I are lpivoted to thefront wall IS subsequently described. The shutter Formed integreuy with the ffeneweurvls' are two supportingmembers 24.25 for a prism 2S and a `lens 21, the lens and the prism'serving to v`focus, and tjdefleet the rays ofthe iight eene 28 (Fig. 4) entering through the aperture i I Q ,"where- *by an image wil-l be projected'upon the inner surface of a'lm 25 which rests against the' cylindrical inner surface of wall 30 of 'the cartridge I4, provided the latterv isheld in its 'operative f positionas ilustrated in Figs. 3 and 4.*" Members 24, 25, which may be secured to-tl'ielensand-the "prism in any convenient mannenflasby 'glu'eing also serve as amask'for the d'eected-light cone mode so far .devised for the practical application of the principles thereof, and in which:

Figs. 1 and 2 are arear View and a vfront View, respectively, of a 4carriera [according to the inve'ntion, thetwo Views being relatively offset by Figf3 is allongitudinalcross sectiontaken on the line .3430i Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal cross section taken on the line 4 -4vof Fig. 1;f Fig. .5 is a rear View of the camera with the cartridge removed;

Fig. 6 is a crosssectional View of the cartridge, taken online 5-6 ofFig. 1;

"4' :Discy 32 is formed With ai. recessed jedge 34" co- 50operating with an inturned lip 35 of rthefc'ylin-v 28 so as to permit only a rectangular portion thereof, of va Width correspondingto the spacing between these ltwo members, to impinge upon the surfaceof film 29.

The cartridge I4 comprises, i addition to the l cylindrical Wall 30, a cup-shaped` rear member 3l fitting tightlyover the end of cylinder, a

ldisc 32 movablyiitting into Ithecylinder 30, and a conical spring'33 inserted''betweenv the disc 32- `and the rear` wall 3l, the spring tending to displace the disc 32 toward the front'of the cylinder.

der 3l), thereby forming a light trapwhichprevents lthe entrance of light into? the' interior of the cartridge Whenever the disc 32 is in itsrightmost position (as viewed inFig. 6). The `cylinder 30 may be formed with a plnof axially latter to be collapsed to such lan extent that' disc 32 almost abuts the rear wall 3| ofcartridge I4, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. To insert a lm 29 into the cartridge, the rear member 3| is disengaged from the cylinder and the film thereupon positioned so that its front edge protrudes into the channel formed by the lip 35. Although, in some cases, it will be suflicient to press-nt the 4 more particularly to Figs. 7 through 9, it will be seen that lever 20 is provided with an elongated hole 55 and with a pin 56, the latter cooperating with a pear-shaped aperture 51 in the disc 2| whereby the latter is entrained by the pin 56 when the lever 20 is swung about its pivot 22, the

. disc'rotating within therecess 'I8 about its pivot lwith the ridge K 59.

23'. Lever 20 is provided with a Ireduced portion 58 which is beveled to form a ridge 59; referring to Fig. 3, the cover 5I has a dimple or projection 6I) ,whereby the surrounding cover portion will be resiliently deected outwardly, as illustrated in thisgure, whenever the projection 60 registers The latter is the case when th'elever is'inits intermediate position shown in Fig. 8, and it will thus be seen that the resilient cover "5 I acts as a spring tending to make part 3| around the cylinder 30, the cylinder and f the ange 39 of member 3| may also be threaded iorthis ,purposejas shown at 40 in Fig. 6u, The

readily understood.

itsemulsion side facing inward, as will be `'Ilhe supporting members 24,25 are-formed at their rearends with respective *shoulders 4I, 42

whichven'gage the periphery of a circular recess v43, provided in disc 32, when the cartridge I4 is inserted 'into the housing 3;-1 thus the disc 32 is :pushed toward the rear-of theA cartridge/compressing the spring 337andexposing the lm 29 to any light entering the interior of Vthe camera A by way of the optical system 26, 21. Shoulders V4 I, 42fals0 act as guides to lneepnthedisc` 32 cenlterellwit respect t@ theA Cylinder 3.0, SQ as t0 prevent any scratching of, the sensitive lm surface` by Vthe circumference of the disc. i j A UIf the width of the imageprojected upon the l m 29` is somewhat less thanUone-eighth of a iull circle, it willbe'possible tov'make eight exposureson a single nlm by rotating the cartridge through an angle of 45 after each exy posure For this purpose,'theflange 39 ofppart 3| is provided with eightv uniformly;spacedV notches 43, numbered'l-B, respectively, which co- Qperate with agresilient latch 44 provided on lthe A' j cylinder wall I 5 of housing I3, whereby thekcartridge I4-may be indexed successively in eight'dif- Y ferentjangular positions. The rim 39is `further provided with a recess 45 which must be aligned ,'YJvith the latch 4 4 vwhenthe cartridge I4 isuto be Ah jinsertedintothe housing I3. When the cartridge lhas reached its Vinnermost position, it is vrotated in a jcounter-clockwise'Y direction (ashviewed in "Fig 1) until the latch 44 engages the rst notch,

`inwhich position theedge 380i lm 29 will have' moved` beyond the path of' the light beam 28. It

will be seen that the latch 44 also serves to rei ,'-tain the cartridgeV I4 Vinside the housing' I3, [against .the action o fcoil spring 33; thus, if `the last exposure has been made 'andthe cartridge is Y frotatedto .align the latch 44 once morewith the `recess 45,*spring 33 will act toeject the cartridge vautomatically'from the housing.

{T he latchi44 may be secured to the cylinder I5 by.. any convenient means, as by set screws 46, may'carrywa projection 41 to serve'` as a back vsight'forf the camera, cooperating with a rey v "tractable trarnernembe'rI 48"representing ,the acf sociated front sight. The frame member 48 is c. f slidably r'held guides 49, v5I) which are secured yto'aifrlrit cover 5I engaging the forward end of housing I 3. The flange portion 52 of cover 5I is fsigtre'dlanss to auow'for the protrusion of an 'e'xtension 54 'of lever 20, and to provide r'oom for the lateral vmovement thereof.` Referringndw,

'nim'zs'shouid be positioned in the cylinder se f Ythis intermediate position of the lever 20 an unstable one, whereby 'the lever will normally be bL,maintained. inv either,ofl.litstwo marginal posi-y tions i illustrated inFigs ,77 and 9.

^- frhe disczl 1art1-ther provided withahoie sl which yregisters with yholes I9 and 55 fwhenthe lever is in itsE intermediate, unstable'position, whereby light from'the outside may "enter the lens 21 by way ofthe aperture 62 in cover 5I and i the holes I9,;455 and I6I aligned therewith. To Hmalge. an exposure, fthe projecting'portioi `54 of AVlever 20-issimply displacedfrombne marginal position (Fig. '7) into the vother v(Fig.y 9),4 or vice versa, whereby theapertures 55`ri'dl 6I 'will move :towards 'each 'other' and will register fora briei Ainstant (Fig. 8) the duration of the' exposure beingde'terrnined at least in part, by the resiliency of the cover 5Iand by'themoment of inertia of the lshuttermechanism 20, 2|, as well as by the dimensions f'ap'e'rtures- 55 and 6I. [Whenthe shutter is in its marginal or'stableposition accordingtoFig. 7 orr 9, the-path oflig'ht toward the lens 21 will be interrupted byboth shutter members 20v and 2|.

: yinthe embodiment ofthe invention illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, a clearance is provided between the lens 21andthe prism `2.6 by virtue of the in -ser'tion of spacers 63,.'64 between these two elements. It willr also be understood that, for focusingA purposes, 4the distancebetween the lens 21 and the prism 26 may be'made variablefby any convenient means (not shown). Since, however, y.the dimensions of the camera according to the invention are preferably small "(the drawing be- I ing a 2:1 enlargement of a camera'y actually conffstructed), such adjustment may usually be dis- A. fp ensed with.V It'willthen-be possible, according toa furtherfie'ature of the invention, to combine thelens andtheprism into a single optical ele- 4 Vment 65 -as shown in the-modification illustrated A in wFigs.- 10 through-.12. Furthermore, while in the embodiment previously described there has been shown a housing I3 made of moldable plastic material, Figs. 10, 11 and '12 illustrate amodication wherein the housing I3' is made of swaged sheet metal parts secured together in any fpractical manner, preferably by spot -welding.

The 4ina'sl'zing andv supporting members 24,25

have'beenreplaced by a single, channeled memj, ber which isclosed at the backandr bears a sh'oulder'61 to cooperate with ther'ec'ess` 43 of cartridge |4. `B ent--over portions'orlugs 68, partiallyA punched out from the membery 66, may yform a seat forthe element `65 which, in the present case, may be inserted into the vmember 66 from the front end thereof'and will be held in place by the dished portion 10 ofiront wall I6',

portions 69 and 10"b'eingrespectively/formed so 55 as to provide recesses II andIS corresponding to the recesses I1 and I8 in Figs. 1-9. Lugs 1I, 'I2 are integral with the member 66 and serve to secure the latter to portions 69 and 10, respectively, as by being spot welded thereto. The element 65 may be glued or otherwise iixed to the member 66 after being correctly located, as described, in its predetermined position relative thereto. A ange 13, recessed at 'I4 to provide room for the lever 20 (not shown in Figs. 10-12), serves to mount the frontpart I6 upon the cylindrical wall portion I. It will be understood that an additional cover member, such as 5I in Figs. 3 and 4, fits over the flange 'I3 of part I6', and that the shutter mechanism to be associated with the housing I5' may be of the type disclosed .in Figs. '7,v 8 and 9. Cover 5I may be removably secured to the housing, either I3 or I3', in any convenient manner, as by the provision of set screws such as the screw 'I5 shownv in Fig. 4.

Although the features of my invention. herein disclosed are preferably incorporated in a camera ofrelatively small dimensions, it will be understood that the invention, by its' nature, is not limited to miniature cameras' and that, furthermore, any 0f its features or "combina'tionvthereof may be used in association with" conventionaly elements. Also,'it will befap'preciated that'the lensand-prism combination shown' maybe replaced by any optically equivalent system, .as by' a lensand-mirror combination, and that'various other vmodiiications and adaptations of the specic embodiments described and illustrated may be made by those skilled'in'the art lwithout departing from the spirit or exceeding the scope ofi the `invention as defined in' the objects and' in the appended claims. W n 'i f 1. A camera comprisingfa `housing havinga socket; a cartridgev removably'fttirig into said socket, n said cartridgev ycomprising a tubular shell adapted to have a Iilm positioned'ad'jacent toits inner surface, a closure memberf-`sealing on 'the rear end of said'shelL'a disc for closing 'the front end of the shelLsaid disc b'eing slidable within the' 'shell,'means lbiasing the disc toward the front endof the shell, and means at said front end of the shell cooperable with the disc'tolimit forward movement ofthe vdisc and form alight trap; a projection carried bythe housing'within its socketand extending toward the mouth there,- of to displace said discagai'nst the. action ofxts biasing means -1 toward thef rear end .off the i cartridge and thereby expose the film carried bythe cartridgauponinsertion 'of' theiatter into the housing socket; latch .means onthe housing adapted to retain the cartridge in the socket; and an'optical system' in the housing adapted to project the image'of Van external objectupon the nlm thus exposed. j f u g 2. A camera according to lclaim lwherein said biasing means comprises afconical-coil spring inserted between said closure member and said disc.

3. .A camera according to claimv lfwhereinsaid closure member is removablefrom said-,shell to permit the insertion of anlm into the, latter.y

4. A camera according to claim l wherein said latch means comprisesa resilient member adapted to engage said closure memben'the latterbeing formed with a peripheral recess permitting di.,- engagement of said closure member from said latch means .when said cartridge isy rotated to align said recess with said resilient member.

.5. A camera accordingy to claim 4,;furthercom-- prising a projection on said vresilient member forming a back sight, a retractable frame mem-A ber forming a front sight, and guide means on said housing slidably securing saidframe member to the latter. f

6. A camera according to claim der on said disc so as to maintain the same in concentric relation to said shell during the dise lplacement of the disc.

7. In a camera: a housing having a substan tially cylindrical socket closed at its frontrby a wall having a light entry aperture; a Imcartridge comprising a shell tting into saidfsocket, said shell being adapted `to have a Afilm positioned adjacentr to its inner surface; alens positioned adjacent to said light entryaperture; light directing means adapted to rdirect the light rays entering thelens through saidf-apertureupona portion of a lm inthe cartridge when thev latter is in the socket; means mounting the lensqand said light directing meansin..thehousing,.1said means including a pair of spaced membersex.-A tending rearwardly from the front wallvofthe housing within the socket; land closure 'means adapted to shut out light from the interior of the shell when the lcartridge `is removed from the housing, said closure meansk including` a disc axially slidable inside `the shell and engageable by said spaced members for displacement toward the rear of the shell when .thecartridge is inserted into the socket. f t

8. In a camera, the combinationaccording to claim 7, further comprisingy spacingmeans xing the distance between said ,light directing means andsaidlens.

9. In a camera, the combination according to claim 7 wherein said lens and said light directing means are integral with each other. i 'v A' 10. In a camera: the combination of'a body member havinga. socket o peningvto theback of the body member andclosed vat its inner end by the frontwall of the body member, said front wall havinga shutter-controlled light entry a'perfture opening tothe socket; a film ycartridge inem` ber insertable into the socket, saidfi'lm cartridge member comprising a cylindrical shell and two end walls, one of which is depr'essibleintothe cylindrical shell; /interengagi'ng means on said depressible end wall `and the cylindrical shell providing a light trap to exclude light from the interior of the cartridge memberwhen said de'- pressible end'wall is in itsnormal cartridge clos.- ing position, means biasing theidepressible end wall to itsnormal cartridgeclosing position while permitting depression'of said end-wall intothe interior of the shell to enable exposureof. a film overlying the inner surface `of the cylindrical shell; means mounted in thel socket of the body member positioned to engage the depressible end wall of the film cartridge-'member and depress the same as said members are assembled; optical means within the housing socket for 4directing light entering the aperture upona defined area on the film in the cartridge member; relative rotation between said members presenting dif- 'ferent defined areas of the .film to the .light projected by said optical means randnmeans .for

effecting 'such relative members.

11. In a, camera:A a hollow body having a shut,- ter-controlled light entry laperture in one wall thereof; a nlm cartridge adapted to have 4telescopic engagement with the hollow body, `said film cartridgebeing hollow and adapted to hold rotationy between said 1,iwhere1nfsaid, projection is adapted to cooperate with a shoul-.

a photsensitive"element' therein in position for` andV thereby'` automatically communicate the int'riorfof the' cartridge withfthe inside 'of the hollowbody and thus enable'expo'sure of the photosensitive element to light rays which enter the. hollow body throughfthe light entry aperture;

andbpticalfrneans within the hollow body for directin'gsuch lightrays onto the photosensitive elementi* 12 n a carriera;fthe''combinationA of: a body havl shutter-controlled light entry aperture; aho'll wcartridg'e adapted'to hold a photosensitiv'iele'ment therein in position for exposure' and having one-wall thereof yieldingly maintained in closed y"position, said cartridge being adapted for readily removable'ass'emblywith the body; means on'the body-positioned' to 'engage with said yieldable walliorthe cartridge to move the same lout ofitsclo's'ed position during assembly of the cartridge with the body; rand optical means carried bythe body in position to'enter the hollow cartridge as the latter-is assembled-with the body and adapted'when 'so'disposed todirect the light 'passies` through the aperture onto the photosensitive element; i f 13. In a camera: 'a-hollowbody having a shutter-controlled light entry aperture in one wall thereof; a film cartridge adapted to4 have telescopic engagement with the lhollow body, said iilrn""'artri`dge being hollow and adapted to hold a photosensitive element therein in position for exposure andina-ving one wall thereof` yieldingly maintained in a closed position; means on the body engageable 'withf said yieldable wall of the cartridge to movethe same from itsl closed position during assemblyofthe cartridgeand hollow body and therebylautmatically communicate the mtenmiof 'they cartridge with the inside ofthe hollow `body andthus enable vexposure ofthe photosensitiveelement to light rays-which enter the hollow body through the light` entry aperture; and optical meansmounted within the hollowbody-inposition -to enter the hollow cartridge 'as the cartridge israssembled with they hollow body; said optical meansfbeing adapted -to ldirect the blight-*rayswhich venterfthe 'hollow body through-'the light `entry"aperture onto the photo- 'sensitiveelementf f- 14'. 'In' `fa-"came`ra`\,' theccmbination of: aV body member havin'g a socket and a shutter-controlled light ntry'f'aperture leading to the socket; a light-'tight yilm-"ca'1tridge 'adapted to hold a photosensitive"element in position for exposure andteles'copically andl removably fitting 'into the sokt, said Acartridge"having one wall thereof ngly 'maintained in closed position; means carried?? byy the body member engag'e'able with said wall o'i thecar'tridge to move the same out oit's"cloed`positio`n'as the cartridgeis inserted 'in o th"esocket to thereby automatically 'communicate-theinterior'of' the cartridge Awith the insidef'the socket, said'mea'ns being so located wi'threspe'ct to the depth of thefsocket that as the cartridge is insertedinto the socket'the yieldfablewallofthe cartridge rernains'in its closed positi'n untilthe 'cartridge has been inserted a suiiicient extent to effect a light seal between it vand `tiret/socket wall; and optical means within tur'e'i `onto-a predetermined` arear or Ythe yphoto seisitiveelem'entf'f: v ,l f; 4 f A15.- I-n accamera',:;the 4combina-tion or: a bodyA havinga socket; aiilm-cartridgeadapted tohold a'phctosensitive element torbe exposed; said lm cartridge-l comprising ak cylindricalvfishell with an?- inturned '.an'gefat. onewendy thereof, 1Aan endi .'wallfv sli'dablej lwithin the shell .and engageable with the inturned ange, and alspring inside the shell :yieldingly holding saidA end wall infits'y clsed"position,f,said cartridge-being insertable yintothev'socket With'its :yieldable end wallforemost'; `a projection `on the body within the-socket positioned to eng-age said yieldable endi'wall` of the cartridge and depress the same into 'the interior of the cartridgeasfthecartridge is inserted,v said'cartridge, being rotatable within the rsocket; and latchv means forremovably hold;- ingv the' cartridge; in/the' socket; saidflatch means beingmaintained incengagement Aby the; force exerted by .the fspringf i in thev cartridge `reacting upon the projection so that upon releaseof the latch said spring automatically `ejects the cartridge frcm'the'socket.

16. In a camera: a hollow body member having a front'wall provided with a shutter controlled light entry aperture; a cartridgemember adapted to hold'a photosensitive element to be exposed, saidcartridge member having end and sidewalls and one of its end walls beingdepressible intothe interior of the cartridge member-to enable exposure of a photosensitive `element in 4the `cartridge member; said body and cartridge members being telescopically `itted .together and being relatively rotatable with respect `to each other about the axis of the light entry aperture; means on the body member for depressing the depressible end wall of the cartridge member as these members are assembled so that upon assembly thereof the;i interiorsk Lof said members are brought into( openv communication to thereby enable exposure-of4` a photosensitive element in the cartridge member; optical-means mounted within the bodymembery for directing light entering through theaperture upon a defined area of a photosensitive element positioned in the cartridge member; relative rotation `of said-members presenting diierent defined areas of the photosensitive element to-the `light directed by the optical means; means for eiecting ybeing imperforate except for a shutter controlled light entry aperture in the frontzwall; a. lens xed on the front wall across said aperture; a iilm cartridge rotatably and removably received in 'the socket," said film cartridge Jcomprisinga cylindrical shell having aV length of iilm overlying itsinner'wall surface, endwalls closing the ends vof the shell,`onev of said end w'alls being depres- Vsible into thefshell to enable exposure of the iilm,

and `a Vspring insidethe shell resisting depression -of said depressible end wall; means on the housingfordepressing said depre'ssibleV end wall and thereby loading its spring during insertion of the cartridge into 'the socket; a light directing' element within the `socket behind the lens to direct light-'rays passing th'rughthe lens onto a defined area of the h'n; rotation of the cartridge in the socket enabling exposure of different areas of the lm; and releasable latch means for holding the cartridge in the socket against the force of the spring in the cartridge so that upon release of the latch means said spring automatically ejects the cartridge and returns the depressible end Wall to its closed position.

18. In a camera, the combination set forth in claim 17 further characterized by the fact that the means on the housing for depressing the depressible end Wall of the cartridge comprises a boss extending into the socket from the front housing wall and substantially lling the socket so as to enter the interior of the cartridge as the cartridge is inserted into the socket; and further characterized by the fact that the light directing means is mounted in said boss.

19. In a camera adapted for use with a film cartridge having a depressible end closure: a hollow body defining a cylindrical cartridge receiving socket opening to the rear and adapted to receive a cartridge with its depressible end closure facing the front wall of the camera body; a light admitting lens mounted in the front wall of the camera body coaxially with the cylindrical socket; boss means fixed in the socket for engaging and depressing the depressible end closure of the cartridge upon insertion of the latter into the socket, the rearmost portion of said boss means presenting contact surfaces spaced from the lens axis and disposed at opposite sides thereof so that during insertion of a cartridge the depressible end closure thereof engaged with said surfaces is held against tipping; optical means within the socket positioned to direct light rays passing through said lens and into the socket substantially radially from the lens axis; and means on the camera body for releasably holding a cartridge in the socket.

20. In a camera, the structure set forth in claim 19 further characterized by the fact that said boss means has a cylindrical wall concentric with the lens axis and in close juxtaposition to the cylindrical Wall of the Socket to define an annular space to receive the side Wall of' a cartridge inserted into the socket.

21. In a camera, the structure set forth in claim 19 further characterized by the fact that said boss means has guide surfaces at an angle to its contact surfaces to interengage with guide surfaces on the depressible end closure of a cartridge inserted into the socket and thereby hold the depressible end closure against lateral displacement and guide the same along the axis of the socket during insertion of the cartridge.

FRED PERLIN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 517,539 Casler Apr. 3, 1894 546,198 Slayton Sept. 10, 1895 615,297 Mosher Dec. 6, 1898 687,592 Barnell Nov. 26, 1901 866,257 Case Sept. 17, 1907 1,070,400 Breloff Aug. 19, 1913 1,215,290 London Feb. 6, 1917 1,955,300 Kurnick Apr. 17, 1934 1,957,043 Harlow May l, 1934 2,083,492 Cheshire June 8, 1937 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 18,336 Great Britain Aug. 3, 1910

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