US2520624A - Leakage indicating device for gasfilled electric cables, pipe lines, or the like - Google Patents

Leakage indicating device for gasfilled electric cables, pipe lines, or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
US2520624A
US2520624A US720278A US72027847A US2520624A US 2520624 A US2520624 A US 2520624A US 720278 A US720278 A US 720278A US 72027847 A US72027847 A US 72027847A US 2520624 A US2520624 A US 2520624A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gas
cable
tube
mercury
indicating device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US720278A
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English (en)
Inventor
Davey Edward Leslie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WT Glover and Co Ltd
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WT Glover and Co Ltd
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Publication of US2520624A publication Critical patent/US2520624A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/26Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
    • G01M3/28Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
    • G01M3/2838Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for cables
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/16Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
    • G01M3/18Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/181Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for cables
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L2101/00Uses or applications of pigs or moles
    • F16L2101/30Inspecting, measuring or testing

Definitions

  • Ther-devlcsfisia pressure;reliermahometferwri' h oomprisesalargeboreflil-tiibeiwhibhlisihserte ih abr-.passieonnentedl across @barrier bets/sensatie sections of the system-randisiunderinerml operati f:
  • the displacement of the mercury level' may' only be of the order' of f/Y irloli, ⁇ ⁇ r1l1e'reasv un'der ⁇ the' former conditions filiere is'imore or less violent bubbling through of IeJg'aSWililithe' throwing of the mercuryl up one In order to prevent carry-over of mercury out jef the? Uf-'tubaintoltheiterhal system when' gas isbubhling.
  • Asuitable'loarrier isp'rovided byfa' plate of s'tled glass Whibhfhasj the? additional attiva-li'- taged tha-'ti it can: se fused integral with the: wsu of@ theehamber" it is olosed This" may h'ea short'eylirlder with ⁇ ai disc of?
  • sihtere'dglass aoross the centre'pf itandiwith-ashort coiirieiet'- ihgtube at each eridi thattube which' is for cohnecti'on to the branch from the' U-tube, being at one" side ofr the-end' offthe cylinder, namely' the lw'e'r'si'lewh'eh iii position.
  • This also facilitates the ruhninghac'k of ahym'e'rcury which is'parried over iito theihrariehand'iihto 'the chamber onfit rPhevv Uf-tilloe" withits branches' is also preferably madeof glass".
  • These wires may pass through and be fused into the glass Walls of the legs of the U-tube at a distance above the normal mercury level and project downwards to the required point, This arrangement may provide for local signalling at the barrier between sections. or may give an indication at a distance or produce an automatic record or control of the conditions.
  • the U-tube device By constructing the U-tube device in the manner indicated it can be made as a completely sealed enclosure consisting of the U-tube with its mercury and its contact wires and the two branches with their porous discs and the chambers enclosing them.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a complete joint between two length of the cable
  • Figure 2 is a View, partly in elevation and partly in longitudinal section and on an enlarged scale as compared with Figure 1, of the leak indicating device with which the joint shown in Figure 1 is iitted,
  • Figure 3 is a view, which is partly an end elevation and partly a section on the line III- III of Figure 2, of the deviceshown therein,
  • Figure 4 is a plan of the device shown in Figures 3 and 4 with the dome in which it is housed re- 1 moved,
  • Figure 5 is a fragmental section taken on the line V-V of Figure 4 but drawn to a larger scale than Figures 2-4 and Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of the leak lndicating device tted with a signalling device.
  • the cable joint shown in Figure 1 is a joint between two lengths I, Ia of 33 kv,v three core, gas filled paper insulated cable of the kind in which thepaper tapes are pre-impregnated with a setting compound and the interstices between the tapes are filled with gas--for instance nitrogenunder super-atmospheric pressure.
  • the cable is provided with a double lead sheath, the inner sheath of the lengths I and Ia being designated 2 and 2a, and the outer, 3 and 3a, respectively.
  • the three core conductors 4 of one length are connected by ferrules 5 to the corresponding conductors 4a of the other length and the conductor joints are individually insulated with hand applied insulation 6 which is covered with con-ducting tape and tin foil to form a screen which is a continuation of the core screens.
  • the jointed and insulated cores are then enclosed in a copper tube 1 fitted with conical ends, 8 and 8a, 'by which it is jointed by wiped metal joints to the ends of the inner lead sheaths, 2 and 2a, respectively.
  • This sleeve is enclosed in a twopart brass alloy sleeve 9 which is sealed at its ends to the inner and outer lead sheaths of the cable by cast metal joints, I0 and IM, and is iilled to the level indicated with liquid insulating compound,
  • the anchored ends of the metal tape reinforcement, II and IIa are respectively embedded in the cast metal of the joints In and Illa.
  • To the outer ends of the conical moulds, I2 and I2a, for these joints are secured clamps, I3 and I3a, by which the wire armouring of the cable is anchored.
  • the whole is enclosed in a protection box I4 of reinforced concrete.
  • a bypass' connection is provided between the interior of one cable length and the interior of the other cable length, consisting of pipes, I5 and I5a, sealed into the inner sheaths, 2 and 2a, respectively and respectivelyleading to domes, I6 and I 6a, on tonof the outersle'evef, 'and'. of .a pipe II leading from the interior of one dome to that of the other. This permits of a free iiow of gas between one jointedlength and the next.
  • One of the two domes which are normally similar and of the across the ends of the pressure equalising pipes I5 and l'I therein, and the resistance of the joint to flow of gas therethrough is increased by the application of a barrier I8 of insulating tape over the screening of each of the exposed parts of ⁇ the cores of one cablelength and of a barrier I9 of insulating tape overthe end of the inner lead sheath of that length and over and in between the barrier tape covered cores emerging therefrom.
  • the construction of the leak-indicating device housed in the larger dome I6, shown to the left in Figure 1, is .shown more clearly in Figures. 2, 3 and 4. It comprises a, U-tube 20 of glass secured in a clamp 2I mounted on a pillar 22 upstanding from a horizontal baille plate 23 which separates the interior of the dome .I6 from the underlying gas space in the-outer sleeve 9 which space is charged up by gas leaking. past the screws by which the faux plateis secured.
  • This U-tube' may have a boreof 15mm. and an overall height of 60 mm. It contains mercury just sufficient to close'the bend in the U-tube with a small margin.
  • each leg is closed by a dome 'shaped end wall as is shown most clearly in Figures Band 5.
  • a short distance below the upper end of each leg is a short branch tube, 24,V 24a.
  • Infthe Vend wall of :each chamber adjacentto the Urtube is a short connecting tube 21 adapted'to t in 'andbe sealed to the branch tube.
  • This connecting rtube is atfthelowerside of the chamber sothat thef surface of its wall at thelowest part 'forms aclearcontinuation of the lowestpart of -the wall ofathej chamber; thus giving a clear run back for any globules of mercury that may enter thechamber.
  • the .branch tube, 24-and 2M,Y areinclined upwardsfrom the U-tube so as to facilitate this run back from the chambers 25 and 25a, respectively., In the other end walls of these. chambersy there.; are short centrally placed tubular pieces, 28 and 28a, rrespectively.
  • the neighboring end oi theotherfby-pass pipe I5 is open to the interior vof the Vdome so that the enclosed space forms the connection between pipe I5 and the open end28a of the chamber 25a.
  • each of thelegs ofY the U-tube is fusedv a pair of wires, 29 and 30 in one and 29a and 30a in the other.
  • the lendsof, thesefwires insidevthe tube extend downwardtoabout one sixteenthof one inch above the ,level of the Amercury'.when in the balanced position.l
  • The'hwi'res/S and 30a their, me @feali Daitsrfglsid.externally fa-sagem to the dome I6, which is of metal, and'thl'ough it to the metal of the joint enclosure -9- and thereby to the external metal parts of the cable itself, thus providing a continuous earthed connection.
  • the other wires, 29 and 29a, of the two pairs are, brought out and connected to the 'cores of a twin-core cable 3
  • This cable is preferably a cable having a metal sheath which can be soldered to the dome wall.
  • a compound seal 32 is preferably provided for its lower end.
  • together with the by-pass pipes 33 and .i3-,3a vfor the outer lead sheaths 3 and 3a, respectively, are led out through an opening in the lid of ⁇ the box I4', the cable terminating in varthree-pin socket outlet 34 in an inspection chamber 35 ( Figure 6), the metal sheath of the cable being connected to the earth socket of the socket outlet.
  • a portable device 36 for electrically detectingjand indicating a displacement of the mercury in the U-tube This comprises a battery 37,r one terminal of which is connected to the earth pin o f the plug 38 and the other of which is connected through a volt meter 30 or the like and a two-way switch 40 to one or other of the other two pins of the plug, depending on the setting of the switch.
  • a displacement of the mercury in the U-tube suicient to short circuit one pair of wires is, if the switch is appropriately set, indicated by a reading on the instrument 39, the direction of displacement, and hence the direction of flow of gas due to the leak, being indicated by the position of the switch.
  • An electric gas-lled cable installation cornprising in combination at least two sections of cable containing gas under pressure, a joint between said sections constituting a barrier restricting ow of gas between said sections, a by-pass across said barrier and a pressure relief manometer in said by-pass consisting of a large bore U-tube containing suflicient mercury to close the passage between the limbs thereof and prevent flow' of gas through the by-pass when the pressure difference between the gas in said sections is small, as when there is a gas leak in one of said sections, and indicate the existence of said small pressure difference by its displacement and provided with means for preventing carry-over of mercury therefrom into the cable when said pressure difference is sufficiently large to cause the gas to bubble through the mercury as when the installation is being charged with gas.
  • An electric gas-filled cable installation comprising in combination at least two sections of cable containing gas under pressure, a joint between said sectons constituting a barrier reventing entry of mercury into the interior of the jointed cable lengths whenthere exists a pressure difference between the cable lengths suflicient to cause gas to bubble through the mercury, and means for indicating a displacement, and the direction of such displacement, from normal of the mercury level due to a small pressure difference between the cable lengths occasioned by a leakage of gas from one cable length.
  • a joint between said lengths which comprises means for jointing each conductor of one cable length to the corresponding conductor of the other cable length, means for insulating the jointed conductors, a tubular inner enclosure for the jointed and insulated conductors making joint at each end with a gas-impervious sheath of the adjacent cable length, means restricting the flow of gas from at least one of the two cable lengths into said enclosure, an outer enclosure for the inner enclosure also making joint at each end with the said gas-impervious sheath of the adjacent cable length, an opening in the top of said outer enclosure, a baille plate covering said opening, a large bore U-tube mounted on said .baffle plate having limbs with closed ends, a

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
US720278A 1946-01-17 1947-01-04 Leakage indicating device for gasfilled electric cables, pipe lines, or the like Expired - Lifetime US2520624A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB274352X 1946-01-17

Publications (1)

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US2520624A true US2520624A (en) 1950-08-29

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US (1) US2520624A (US07122603-20061017-C00045.png)
BE (1) BE470232A (US07122603-20061017-C00045.png)
CH (1) CH274352A (US07122603-20061017-C00045.png)
FR (1) FR939505A (US07122603-20061017-C00045.png)
GB (1) GB606722A (US07122603-20061017-C00045.png)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2698430A (en) * 1951-05-21 1954-12-28 Alsacienne Constr Meca Device for the detection of leaks in pressurized cables
US2717989A (en) * 1952-02-06 1955-09-13 Bossard Karl Automatic signalling and warning device for liquid-tanks
US2718780A (en) * 1951-07-11 1955-09-27 Western Electric Co Automatic pressure control and leakage detector
US2767392A (en) * 1953-07-08 1956-10-16 Acf Ind Inc Leak detector for pressure fuel lines
US3209067A (en) * 1961-08-21 1965-09-28 James W Channell Sealed splice enclosure for cables
US3330755A (en) * 1962-08-14 1967-07-11 Electro Cell Corp Electrolytic apparatus
US3908461A (en) * 1974-06-20 1975-09-30 Randtron Systems Adjustable pressure transducer with digital signal output
FR2724267A1 (fr) * 1994-09-02 1996-03-08 Coget Didier Dispositif a traducteur de pression pour cable de telecommunications

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114088573B (zh) * 2021-11-12 2023-09-12 国网湖南省电力有限公司 一种高压电缆绝缘破损检测方法、系统及介质

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US430010A (en) * 1890-06-10 Underground electric conduit
US557534A (en) * 1896-04-07 Pressure-alarm for gas-pipes
US882141A (en) * 1906-06-30 1908-03-17 Troy Cope Cable insulating and testing system.
US1642615A (en) * 1923-03-26 1927-09-13 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Manometer
US1732035A (en) * 1929-10-15 Leak indicatok foe
US1959863A (en) * 1931-12-04 1934-05-22 Frederick G Griss Leak detector for gas transmission lines
US1975075A (en) * 1932-09-02 1934-10-02 Okonite Callender Cable Co Inc Electric cable system
US2043227A (en) * 1934-01-20 1936-06-09 Okonite Callender Cable Co Inc Leak indicating apparatus for oil filled electric power cables
US2079856A (en) * 1930-06-03 1937-05-11 Protona A G Electric cable installation
US2430034A (en) * 1945-08-13 1947-11-04 Stern Abraham Apparatus for locating leaks
US2449271A (en) * 1945-11-29 1948-09-14 Okonite Callender Cable Co Inc Joint structure for cables

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US430010A (en) * 1890-06-10 Underground electric conduit
US557534A (en) * 1896-04-07 Pressure-alarm for gas-pipes
US1732035A (en) * 1929-10-15 Leak indicatok foe
US882141A (en) * 1906-06-30 1908-03-17 Troy Cope Cable insulating and testing system.
US1642615A (en) * 1923-03-26 1927-09-13 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Manometer
US2079856A (en) * 1930-06-03 1937-05-11 Protona A G Electric cable installation
US1959863A (en) * 1931-12-04 1934-05-22 Frederick G Griss Leak detector for gas transmission lines
US1975075A (en) * 1932-09-02 1934-10-02 Okonite Callender Cable Co Inc Electric cable system
US2043227A (en) * 1934-01-20 1936-06-09 Okonite Callender Cable Co Inc Leak indicating apparatus for oil filled electric power cables
US2430034A (en) * 1945-08-13 1947-11-04 Stern Abraham Apparatus for locating leaks
US2449271A (en) * 1945-11-29 1948-09-14 Okonite Callender Cable Co Inc Joint structure for cables

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2698430A (en) * 1951-05-21 1954-12-28 Alsacienne Constr Meca Device for the detection of leaks in pressurized cables
US2718780A (en) * 1951-07-11 1955-09-27 Western Electric Co Automatic pressure control and leakage detector
US2717989A (en) * 1952-02-06 1955-09-13 Bossard Karl Automatic signalling and warning device for liquid-tanks
US2767392A (en) * 1953-07-08 1956-10-16 Acf Ind Inc Leak detector for pressure fuel lines
US3209067A (en) * 1961-08-21 1965-09-28 James W Channell Sealed splice enclosure for cables
US3330755A (en) * 1962-08-14 1967-07-11 Electro Cell Corp Electrolytic apparatus
US3908461A (en) * 1974-06-20 1975-09-30 Randtron Systems Adjustable pressure transducer with digital signal output
FR2724267A1 (fr) * 1994-09-02 1996-03-08 Coget Didier Dispositif a traducteur de pression pour cable de telecommunications
ES2112767A1 (es) * 1994-09-02 1998-04-01 France Telecom Dispositivo en transductor de presion para cable de telecomunicacion .

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR939505A (fr) 1948-11-17
BE470232A (US07122603-20061017-C00045.png) 1948-06-07
CH274352A (de) 1951-03-31
GB606722A (en) 1948-08-19

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