US2520182A - Electron discharge apparatus - Google Patents

Electron discharge apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2520182A
US2520182A US458806A US45880642A US2520182A US 2520182 A US2520182 A US 2520182A US 458806 A US458806 A US 458806A US 45880642 A US45880642 A US 45880642A US 2520182 A US2520182 A US 2520182A
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United States
Prior art keywords
resonator
frequency
electron
electrode
electrons
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Expired - Lifetime
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US458806A
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English (en)
Inventor
Tomlin Stanley Gordon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/06—Tubes having only one resonator, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly velocity modulation, e.g. Lüdi-Klystron
    • H01J25/08—Tubes having only one resonator, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the modulation produced in the modulator zone is mainly velocity modulation, e.g. Lüdi-Klystron with electron stream perpendicular to the axis of the resonator

Definitions

  • the present invention consists in a frequency changing apparatus for very high frequencies employing the principles of electron velocity modulation comprising a tube including an electrode system for generating an electron ⁇ beam and directing it through gaps in a high frequency resonator, a grid electrode and a collector electrode in the path of the beam and means for maintaining the electrodes at such potentials that the operating condition of the tube is at a curved part of the grid-voltage collector-current characteristic, in which by adjustment of the beam velocity the device is caused to generate oscillations at a frequency slightly different from that of the source of applied waves, whereby the collector electrode current has an intermediate frequency component.
  • a frequency changing apparatus for very high frequencies employing the principles of electron velocity modulation comprising a tube including an electrode system for generating an electron beam and directing it through gaps in a high frequency resonator, a collector electrode, means for maintaining the electrodes at such potentials that the operating condition of the tube is at a curved part of the collector-current collectorvoltage characteristic, in which by adjustment of the beam velocity the device is caused to generate oscillations at a frequency slightly dierent from that of the applied waves, whereby the collector electrode current has an intermediate frequency component.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section, partly diagrammatic of an electron discharge device in accordance with my invention
  • Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic cross-section of the device shown in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a curve illustrating the operation of the device.
  • coaxial conductors I and 2 form a resonator of adjustable length
  • a coaxial line 3, 4 terminating in a loop 5 serves to feed incoming waves to the resonator.
  • a cathode or electron gun 6 projects a beam of electrons past focussing and accelerating electrodes 1, 8 through apertures 9, l0 in the conductors l' and 2 at the point of a voltage anti-node.
  • Fins Il are provided to reduce the gaps between the conductors at the apertures. The electrons are modulated in velocity in passing the gaps between the conductors.
  • a wire mesh grid l ⁇ 2 maintained at a relatively low potential approximately cathode potential and a collecting electrode I 3 maintained at a suitable potential positive with respect to the cathode.
  • the resonator is designed so that the gaps A and B between the inner and outer conductors are small in order that the transit time across a gap is small compared with a period of an oscillation of the applied waves and the diameter of the inner conductor is such that the transit time of electrons in moving from the centre of the iirst gap to the centre of the second gap is an odd number of half periods of the applied frequency.
  • the valve will generate oscillations.
  • the frequency of oscillation may be varied by adjustment of the resonator tuning and of the beam velocity, the latter regulating the electron transit times.
  • the voltage existing across the gaps A and B in the resonator may be represented by:
  • the intermediate frequency is detected by a frequency component detector i4 coupled to the collector electrode I3.
  • the collector current has an intermediate'- frequency component whichnmaybeefedsintou a standard intermediate frequency .ampliernfol-.- l5
  • the .-colleetor-f, ⁇ electrode is :maintained-.at 'Lap-- proxirnately,,cathodef potential.; 'It the spacing of, lthe.- colieetor. velectrode-.andv the potentials-.applied fto; the r eleetrodes.- are?
  • the tube may ,-beicaused 'to- ⁇ generate osciliations'of-.Ia frequencyslightly different from thateof-ttlrie-apl pliedf,W-aves.y
  • a frequency changing;device-comprisinggan electron; discharge tubef including@ a nigh 1 requencyxresonatointunedto incoming waves,- electron-:beam generating means positionedY adjacent said-rresonator,to .projeet-a beam of electronslin, afpath through zsaidrvresonator, means -coupledftow said resonator' ⁇ for lapplyinglthe-incoming Waves, a.Y
  • aqueiecting .electrode mounted between'said resonator and said collecting electrode and positioned at a distance from said resonator providing an electron transit time from said resonator tossaidirefiectingselectrode esuch' ythat :electrons reiiectedtherefrom ⁇ causefsaid resonator -fto oscillate at a frequency slightly different from the -frequency of the incoming Waves whereby renec-.ted .electrons cause said resonator to oscillate at said slightly different frequency, and output *means coupled tofsaid .collecting electrode for detectinglthe frequency component of said electrode current-'whichis'thebeat frequency between the fr'equency'of'th'eincoming waves and that of the oscillating gresonator.l
  • said resonator comprises a coaxialline'provided with diametric apertures in the inner and ⁇ outer conductors at a eld antinode :through which apertures the electron beam is adapted to be projected, the length of said coaxial, line beingffadjustablefto. tune ⁇ the ⁇ resonator to.thelapplied .highfrequency Waves.-

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US458806A 1940-12-24 1942-09-18 Electron discharge apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2520182A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2520182X 1940-12-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2520182A true US2520182A (en) 1950-08-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US458806A Expired - Lifetime US2520182A (en) 1940-12-24 1942-09-18 Electron discharge apparatus

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US (1) US2520182A (fr)
FR (1) FR930639A (fr)

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2074253A (en) * 1933-07-21 1937-03-16 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Ultrashort wave tube
US2190511A (en) * 1938-03-01 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave system
US2200986A (en) * 1937-07-14 1940-05-14 Gen Electric Modulation system
US2220841A (en) * 1940-03-30 1940-11-05 Gen Electric High-frequency detector
US2220556A (en) * 1939-03-30 1940-11-05 Gen Electric Ultra short wave device
US2253080A (en) * 1940-03-21 1941-08-19 Rca Corp Resonant chamber circuit for use especially with inductive output tubes
US2259690A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency radio apparatus
US2283895A (en) * 1940-10-09 1942-05-19 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2287845A (en) * 1939-03-08 1942-06-30 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Thermionic vacuum tube and circuits
US2293151A (en) * 1940-10-08 1942-08-18 Rca Corp Resonant cavity device
US2320860A (en) * 1939-12-22 1943-06-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2406370A (en) * 1938-07-08 1946-08-27 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Electronic oscillator-detector

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2074253A (en) * 1933-07-21 1937-03-16 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Ultrashort wave tube
US2200986A (en) * 1937-07-14 1940-05-14 Gen Electric Modulation system
US2220840A (en) * 1937-07-14 1940-11-05 Gen Electric Velocity modulation device
US2190511A (en) * 1938-03-01 1940-02-13 Gen Electric Ultra short wave system
US2406370A (en) * 1938-07-08 1946-08-27 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Electronic oscillator-detector
US2287845A (en) * 1939-03-08 1942-06-30 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Thermionic vacuum tube and circuits
US2220556A (en) * 1939-03-30 1940-11-05 Gen Electric Ultra short wave device
US2259690A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency radio apparatus
US2320860A (en) * 1939-12-22 1943-06-01 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron discharge apparatus
US2253080A (en) * 1940-03-21 1941-08-19 Rca Corp Resonant chamber circuit for use especially with inductive output tubes
US2220841A (en) * 1940-03-30 1940-11-05 Gen Electric High-frequency detector
US2293151A (en) * 1940-10-08 1942-08-18 Rca Corp Resonant cavity device
US2283895A (en) * 1940-10-09 1942-05-19 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Ultra high frequency oscillator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR930639A (fr) 1948-01-30

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