US2519785A - Thermopile - Google Patents
Thermopile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2519785A US2519785A US608208A US60820845A US2519785A US 2519785 A US2519785 A US 2519785A US 608208 A US608208 A US 608208A US 60820845 A US60820845 A US 60820845A US 2519785 A US2519785 A US 2519785A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tape
- thermopile
- films
- thermo
- copper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005676 thermoelectric effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001006 Constantan Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001215 Te alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Bi] JWVAUCBYEDDGAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IVLSEFOVPQFJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;5-[3-pyridin-2-yl-6-(5-sulfonatofuran-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazin-5-yl]furan-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=C1C1=NN=C(C=2N=CC=CC=2)N=C1C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)O1 IVLSEFOVPQFJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
Definitions
- a further object of this invention is to provide a method of constructing a thermopile which enables the provision of a very large number of thermo-couples to be achieved.
- Known methods of thermopile construction involving individually soldered joints are quite unsuitable for thi purpose, since they do not enable mass-production of the articles to be effected; furthermore, the
- thermopile comprising a fiat block formed of layers of electrically insulating material whose surfaces are at right angles to the upper and lower faces of the block, and which carry on these surfaces a series of thermo-couples consisting of films of materials of difierent thermo-electric powers arranged alternately so that consecutive junctions lie alternately near the upper and lower edges of the layers.
- the method of depositing the films will depend upon the materials employed for the thermo-- couples and to some extent upon the form in which they are commercially available.
- One of the well-known spraying processes is usually the most suitable, since these exist for dealing with metals either in wire or powder form.
- Alternative processes are painting, cathode sputtering, or pressing thin foils of metal into intimate contact with the insulating material.
- the spraying process has the advantage that by theuse of suitable masks, the films can be deposited in the required pattern quickly and accurately.
- thermo-couples The choice of the pairs of materials forthe thermo-couples will be governed by alarge number of factors,'and will depend not only on their thermo-electric powers, but also on the working I temperature it is'desired to employ, on their electrical conductivity which must not be too low and on the case with which they can be handled in practice to produce the necessary thin films or foils.
- the following pairs of materials are quoted as examples, and it is obvious that many others exist.
- thermopile according to the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawn s in which: l
- Figure 1 shows an insulating tape carrying a series of thermo-couples
- Figures Za-c show the masks employed in depositing the metal films on the tape
- Figures 3ac show the method of forming a thermopile from the tape
- Figure 4 shows the use of a sheet of insulating material carrying a series of thermo-couples
- FIGS Sw-b show a tape with an alternative arrangement of metal films for the thermocouples.
- a long tape lof glassfibre fabric carries on one surface a series of thermo-couples each consisting of a pair of sprayed films 2, 3 of two different metals, the films being arranged in zig-zag formation as shown, the junction points of each pair'of films lying near one or other of the edges of the tape.
- a film 4 of copper or other good conductor The films also serve, by virtue of their heat capacity, to preserve a more uniform temperature at the junctions.
- Output connections leading to terminals 5 are secured to each end of the series, so that the whole will con- 3 stitute a thermopile.
- the various-films are deposited on the tape by sprayin with the aid of the apertured masks shown in Figures 20-0.
- the masks are made of thin copper foil and are used in succession, the final spraying producing the copper films l with the aid of the mask shown in Figure 2c.
- holes 6 in the mask and tape can be used to obtain proper registration, or they may be wound or! one drum past the spray on to theother if the tape is very long.
- the electrical resistance of the elements 2, 3 should be as nearly equal as possible and this can be achieved by a proper choice of the length, width and thickness of the two films.
- the tape is then wound into a fiat spiral on a former I as shown in Figures 3a and 3b.
- a second tape 8 of the same material is interwound with the first to provide the necessary electrical insulation.
- a tapering strip of copper foil 9 (Figure 3c) is interwound with the two strips, as 7 shown.
- thermo-couples can be achieved by coating the surface and edges of the tape with a very thin layer of a suitable heat-resisting enamel.
- FIGs a and 5b An alternative arrangement of the films on the tape is shown in Figures a and 5b.
- Two broad bands l3, M of copper are sprayed. along the edges of the tape and across the unoccupied central portion are alternate strips 2, 3 of the two materials, as shown in Figure 5a. Portions 15 of the copper bands are then removed as shown in Figure 5b. As a result there is formed a zig-zag chain of the materials.
- Slits can be made in the portions of the tape at the points l5, or these portions of the tape entirely sulated from, the hot junctions.
- the copper plate is heated by any suitable means and serves to ensure a uniform distribution of heat.
- the device By heating the plate IS with a conventional heater winding fed with A. C. or D. C. current, the device can be used for obtaining a smooth direct current from one of undesirable characteristics, for example, for supplying power to small radio receivers.
- thermopile comprising a long electrically insulating tape wound into a spiral and carrying a series of thermo-couples consisting of films of materials of different thermo-electric powers'arranged alternately so that consecutive junctions lie alternately near the lower and upper edges of the tape including means for air cooling said thermopile comprising a metallic ribbon interwound with said spiral and insulated from the thermocouples therein, said ribbon having areas extending longitudinaly beyond said spiral for exposure to the surrounding atmosphere.
- thermopile comprising a long electrically insulating tape wound into a spiral and carrying a series of thermo-couples consisting of alternating strips of sprayed metals of different thermoelectric powers, the strips extending across the width of the tape in zig-zag formation including means for air cooling said thermopile comprising a metallic ribbon interwound with said spiral and insulated from the thermocouples therein, said rib n having areas extending longitudinally be ond said spiral for exposure to the surrounding atmosphere.
- thermopile according to claim 1 wherein the electrically insulating material comprises a fabric woven from vitreous fibres.
- thermopile according to claim 1 wherein each junction is covered by a film of a good electrically conducting metal.
- thermopile according to claim 1 wbe ein a second tape of electrically insulating mate'- rial-is interwound therewith.
- the portions carrying the copper fins can be bent outwardly to increase the separation between the same.
- thermopile When utilizing the thermopile care must be taken to ensure rapid and uniform transfer of heat to the hot junctions, and from the cold junctions.
- the thermopile can be mounted on a copper plate l6 ( Figure 3a) which will be in close proximity to, yet electrically in- UNITED STATES PATENTS Number I Name Date 1,269,778 Becker June 18, 1918 1,618,743 Adams Feb. 22, 1927 1,638,943 Little Aug. 16, 1927 1,667,142 Darrah Apr. 24, 1928 2,381,819 Graves et al. Aug. 7, 1945 2,385,481 Wills Sept. 25, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 10,036/13 Great Britain Mar. 26, 1914 France Apr. 25, 1933
Landscapes
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Description
Aug. 22, 1950 F. OKOLICSANYI THERMOPILE Filed Aug. 1, 1945 lawn/mm a 'UUU INVE NTOK: Fef-enc Qkoli c 541 l Patented Aug. 22, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Ferene okolicsanjif l l a rpgt effhndon, England Application August 1, 1945, Serial No. 608,208 In Great Britain August 14, 1944 Claims. (Cl. 136-4) This invention relates to thermopiles and has for its main object the provision of an improved thermopile which can be utilized to produce a current capableof doing useful work, in contradistinction to its normal function of acting as a pure temperature-measuring device.
A further object of this invention is to provide a method of constructing a thermopile which enables the provision of a very large number of thermo-couples to be achieved. Known methods of thermopile construction involving individually soldered joints are quite unsuitable for thi purpose, since they do not enable mass-production of the articles to be effected; furthermore, the
existence of thousands of soldered joints is a source of weakness, for a single bad joint will increase the electrical resistance of the whole device to a prohibitive extent.
According to this invention there is provided a thermopile comprising a fiat block formed of layers of electrically insulating material whose surfaces are at right angles to the upper and lower faces of the block, and which carry on these surfaces a series of thermo-couples consisting of films of materials of difierent thermo-electric powers arranged alternately so that consecutive junctions lie alternately near the upper and lower edges of the layers.
The method of depositing the films will depend upon the materials employed for the thermo-- couples and to some extent upon the form in which they are commercially available. One of the well-known spraying processes is usually the most suitable, since these exist for dealing with metals either in wire or powder form. Alternative processes are painting, cathode sputtering, or pressing thin foils of metal into intimate contact with the insulating material. The spraying process has the advantage that by theuse of suitable masks, the films can be deposited in the required pattern quickly and accurately.
The choice of the pairs of materials forthe thermo-couples will be governed by alarge number of factors,'and will depend not only on their thermo-electric powers, but also on the working I temperature it is'desired to employ, on their electrical conductivity which must not be too low and on the case with which they can be handled in practice to produce the necessary thin films or foils. The following pairs of materials are quoted as examples, and it is obvious that many others exist.
1. Constantan and iron. These materials have the advantage of being able to withstand temperatures up to at least 1000 C. but show a rather low thermo-electric eflfect, namely 50 microvolts/ C. l
2. Bismuth and a bismuth-tin alloy containing 6 per cent of tin. These show a higher thermo-electric effect of'100 micro-volts/ C. but can withstand temperatures up to 200 C. only.
3. A bismuth-tellurium alloy with the constituents in substantially equal proportions, and the intermetallic compound of bismuth and tellurium, BizTes. These show a high thermo-electric effect of 250 micro-volts/ C. and can withstand temperatures up to 550 C.
Preferred forms of thermopile according to the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawn s in which: l
Figure 1 shows an insulating tape carrying a series of thermo-couples;
Figures Za-c show the masks employed in depositing the metal films on the tape;
Figures 3ac show the method of forming a thermopile from the tape;
Figure 4 shows the use of a sheet of insulating material carrying a series of thermo-couples, and
Figures Sw-b showa tape with an alternative arrangement of metal films for the thermocouples.
Referring to Figure 1, a long tape lof glassfibre fabric carries on one surface a series of thermo-couples each consisting of a pair of sprayed films 2, 3 of two different metals, the films being arranged in zig-zag formation as shown, the junction points of each pair'of films lying near one or other of the edges of the tape. To ensure good electrical contact each junction point is covered by a film 4 of copper or other good conductor. The films also serve, by virtue of their heat capacity, to preserve a more uniform temperature at the junctions. Output connections leading to terminals 5 are secured to each end of the series, so that the whole will con- 3 stitute a thermopile. The various-films are deposited on the tape by sprayin with the aid of the apertured masks shown in Figures 20-0. The masks are made of thin copper foil and are used in succession, the final spraying producing the copper films l with the aid of the mask shown in Figure 2c. The tape and the particular mask in.
use can be stretched on a frame, and holes 6 in the mask and tape can be used to obtain proper registration, or they may be wound or! one drum past the spray on to theother if the tape is very long.
It is very desirable that the electrical resistance of the elements 2, 3 should be as nearly equal as possible and this can be achieved by a proper choice of the length, width and thickness of the two films.
The tape is then wound into a fiat spiral on a former I as shown in Figures 3a and 3b. A second tape 8 of the same material is interwound with the first to provide the necessary electrical insulation. When air cooling is employed it is desirable to provide means to assist this, and for this a purpose a tapering strip of copper foil 9 (Figure 3c) is interwound with the two strips, as 7 shown.
Instead of using the second tape 8, the insulation of the thermo-couples can be achieved by coating the surface and edges of the tape with a very thin layer of a suitable heat-resisting enamel.
In Figure 4 a sheet ID of glass-fibre fabric instead of a tape is employed, and after spraying through "suitable masks the series of thermocouples 2, 3, the copper films covering the junctions, and the copper films ll connecting the ends of each row in series, the whole sheet is coated with a thin film of protective enamel and then folded along the dotted lines I! to form a rectangular block.
An alternative arrangement of the films on the tape is shown in Figures a and 5b. Two broad bands l3, M of copper are sprayed. along the edges of the tape and across the unoccupied central portion are alternate strips 2, 3 of the two materials, as shown in Figure 5a. Portions 15 of the copper bands are then removed as shown in Figure 5b. As a result there is formed a zig-zag chain of the materials. There is littl or no temperature gradient in the areas of copper, which serve as heating and cooling fins. Both surfaces of the tape can be so treated and its subsequent treatment is the same as already described. Slits can be made in the portions of the tape at the points l5, or these portions of the tape entirely sulated from, the hot junctions. The copper plate is heated by any suitable means and serves to ensure a uniform distribution of heat.
For small electrical outputs, air cooling assisted by suitable cooling fins as already described, is adequate.
By heating the plate IS with a conventional heater winding fed with A. C. or D. C. current, the device can be used for obtaining a smooth direct current from one of undesirable characteristics, for example, for supplying power to small radio receivers.
I claim:
1. A thermopile comprising a long electrically insulating tape wound into a spiral and carrying a series of thermo-couples consisting of films of materials of different thermo-electric powers'arranged alternately so that consecutive junctions lie alternately near the lower and upper edges of the tape including means for air cooling said thermopile comprising a metallic ribbon interwound with said spiral and insulated from the thermocouples therein, said ribbon having areas extending longitudinaly beyond said spiral for exposure to the surrounding atmosphere.
2. A thermopile comprising a long electrically insulating tape wound into a spiral and carrying a series of thermo-couples consisting of alternating strips of sprayed metals of different thermoelectric powers, the strips extending across the width of the tape in zig-zag formation including means for air cooling said thermopile comprising a metallic ribbon interwound with said spiral and insulated from the thermocouples therein, said rib n having areas extending longitudinally be ond said spiral for exposure to the surrounding atmosphere.
3. A thermopile according to claim 1 wherein the electrically insulating material comprises a fabric woven from vitreous fibres.
4. A thermopile according to claim 1 wherein each junction is covered by a film of a good electrically conducting metal.
5. A thermopile according to claim 1 wbe ein a second tape of electrically insulating mate'- rial-is interwound therewith.
FERENC OKOLICSANYI.
I REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
removed together with the copper, so that when the tape is in the final form of a spiral, the portions carrying the copper fins can be bent outwardly to increase the separation between the same.
When utilizing the thermopile care must be taken to ensure rapid and uniform transfer of heat to the hot junctions, and from the cold junctions. For heating, the thermopile can be mounted on a copper plate l6 (Figure 3a) which will be in close proximity to, yet electrically in- UNITED STATES PATENTS Number I Name Date 1,269,778 Becker June 18, 1918 1,618,743 Adams Feb. 22, 1927 1,638,943 Little Aug. 16, 1927 1,667,142 Darrah Apr. 24, 1928 2,381,819 Graves et al. Aug. 7, 1945 2,385,481 Wills Sept. 25, 1945 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 10,036/13 Great Britain Mar. 26, 1914 France Apr. 25, 1933
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB2519785X | 1944-08-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2519785A true US2519785A (en) | 1950-08-22 |
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ID=10908993
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US608208A Expired - Lifetime US2519785A (en) | 1944-08-14 | 1945-08-01 | Thermopile |
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Cited By (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2671817A (en) * | 1949-11-18 | 1954-03-09 | Karl B Groddeck | Electroactive radiation screen |
US2694098A (en) * | 1950-05-23 | 1954-11-09 | Milwaukee Gas Specialty Co | Thermoelectric generator and method for production of same |
US2735882A (en) * | 1956-02-21 | farley | ||
US2981611A (en) * | 1956-03-14 | 1961-04-25 | Metropolitanvickers Electrical | Manufacture of printed electrical circuits or components |
US2987566A (en) * | 1959-09-21 | 1961-06-06 | Gen Controls Co | Thermopile for operation by pilot burners |
US3018311A (en) * | 1959-09-01 | 1962-01-23 | Kidde & Co Walter | Thermopile |
US3055965A (en) * | 1957-10-30 | 1962-09-25 | Tno | Heat flowmeter and process and device for the production thereof |
DE1139559B (en) * | 1954-07-12 | 1962-11-15 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Thermocouple and process for its manufacture |
US3115423A (en) * | 1955-06-13 | 1963-12-24 | Ass Elect Ind Manchester Ltd | Manufacture of printed electrical circuits |
US3141795A (en) * | 1959-05-12 | 1964-07-21 | Eisler Paul | Storage batteries |
DE1205598B (en) * | 1957-06-21 | 1965-11-25 | Jean Michel | Method of manufacturing a thermocouple or a thermopile |
US3261720A (en) * | 1961-10-11 | 1966-07-19 | Nat Starch Chem Corp | Thermoelectric generator and method of preparing same |
US3284245A (en) * | 1961-04-10 | 1966-11-08 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Thermoelectric generators |
US3335043A (en) * | 1961-02-01 | 1967-08-08 | Specialties Dev Corp | Method and apparatus for making thermopile |
US3607445A (en) * | 1968-02-19 | 1971-09-21 | Rdf Corp | Thermal apparatus |
US4372211A (en) * | 1980-04-14 | 1983-02-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Thermoelectric power supply for warheads |
US4444991A (en) * | 1982-03-15 | 1984-04-24 | Omnimax Energy Corporation | High-efficiency thermopile |
WO1985004050A1 (en) * | 1984-02-29 | 1985-09-12 | Omnimax Energy Corporation | High-efficiency thermopile |
US4631350A (en) * | 1983-12-30 | 1986-12-23 | Damon Germanton | Low cost thermocouple apparatus and methods for fabricating the same |
US4795498A (en) * | 1983-12-30 | 1989-01-03 | Damon Germanton | Low cost thermocouple apparatus and methods for fabricating the same |
US5045123A (en) * | 1988-05-17 | 1991-09-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Thermopile |
US5286304A (en) * | 1991-10-24 | 1994-02-15 | Enerdyne Corporation | Thermoelectric device and method of manufacturing |
WO2008061823A2 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Thermoelectric elements, method for the production thereof, and use thereof |
US20080266832A1 (en) * | 2007-04-24 | 2008-10-30 | Kinya Tamura | Lighting device |
US20100268114A1 (en) * | 2009-04-15 | 2010-10-21 | Arizant Healthcare Inc. | Deep tissue temperature probe constructions |
US20100268113A1 (en) * | 2009-04-15 | 2010-10-21 | Arizant Healthcare Inc. | Deep tissue temperature probe constructions |
US20110051776A1 (en) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-03 | Arizant Healthcare Inc. | Flexible deep tissue temperature measurement devices |
US8292495B2 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2012-10-23 | Arizant Healthcare Inc. | Zero-heat-flux, deep tissue temperature measurement devices with thermal sensor calibration |
US8292502B2 (en) | 2010-04-07 | 2012-10-23 | Arizant Healthcare Inc. | Constructions for zero-heat-flux, deep tissue temperature measurement devices |
DE102012018387A1 (en) | 2012-09-18 | 2014-03-20 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Thermoelectric generator i.e. energy converter, for use in textile machine i.e. embroidery machine, has thermal conductors electrically connected with each another and extended transverse to substrate plane by substrate |
US20150179911A1 (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2015-06-25 | Karlsruher Institut Fuer Technologie | Wound and folded thermoelectric systems and method for producing same |
US9354122B2 (en) | 2011-05-10 | 2016-05-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Zero-heat-flux, deep tissue temperature measurement system |
US11056633B2 (en) | 2016-01-21 | 2021-07-06 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Rational method for the powder metallurgical production of thermoelectric components |
US11832518B2 (en) | 2021-02-04 | 2023-11-28 | Purdue Research Foundation | Woven thermoelectric ribbon |
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US2381819A (en) * | 1942-08-19 | 1945-08-07 | Alltools Ltd | Thermocouple |
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GB1003613A (en) * | 1962-08-04 | 1965-09-08 | Goetzewerke | Piston and radial seal assembly for a rotary-piston internal combustion engine |
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1945
- 1945-08-01 US US608208A patent/US2519785A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US1638943A (en) * | 1922-09-27 | 1927-08-16 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Thermoelectric cell and method of making the same |
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Cited By (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2735882A (en) * | 1956-02-21 | farley | ||
US2671817A (en) * | 1949-11-18 | 1954-03-09 | Karl B Groddeck | Electroactive radiation screen |
US2694098A (en) * | 1950-05-23 | 1954-11-09 | Milwaukee Gas Specialty Co | Thermoelectric generator and method for production of same |
DE1139559B (en) * | 1954-07-12 | 1962-11-15 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Thermocouple and process for its manufacture |
US3115423A (en) * | 1955-06-13 | 1963-12-24 | Ass Elect Ind Manchester Ltd | Manufacture of printed electrical circuits |
US2981611A (en) * | 1956-03-14 | 1961-04-25 | Metropolitanvickers Electrical | Manufacture of printed electrical circuits or components |
DE1205598B (en) * | 1957-06-21 | 1965-11-25 | Jean Michel | Method of manufacturing a thermocouple or a thermopile |
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