US2517313A - Fuel supply system for internalcombustion engines - Google Patents

Fuel supply system for internalcombustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US2517313A
US2517313A US740253A US74025347A US2517313A US 2517313 A US2517313 A US 2517313A US 740253 A US740253 A US 740253A US 74025347 A US74025347 A US 74025347A US 2517313 A US2517313 A US 2517313A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pressure
pump
fuel
pumps
valve
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Expired - Lifetime
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US740253A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hooker Stanley George
Ballantyne David Havelock
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Rolls Royce PLC
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Rolls Royce PLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/22—Fuel supply systems
    • F02C7/236—Fuel delivery systems comprising two or more pumps

Definitions

  • This invention relates to fuel-supply systems for internal-combustion engines of the type in which the fuel is supplied to the engine by a group of pumps capable of supplying adequate fuel for normal engine requirements even if one of the pumps in the group is inoperative, and has for its object to provide an improved construction and arrangement whereby the reliability of the supply of fuel to the engine is enhanced; this is particularly important in the case of jet propulsion engines where it has been considered desirable hitherto to duplicate the pumps, and a further object of this invention is to provide means whereby a useful degree of safeguarding is provided for installations comprising twin fuel pumps.
  • the invention relates to that kind of fuel-supply system of the type described above in which the rate of delivery of the fuel pumps is controlled by a hydraulic pressure system arranged so that variations in the hydraulic pressure of the system produce variations in the pump delivery, for example, an increase of pressure in the system may cause a decrease in pump delivery and vice versa.
  • the arrangement may be such as to maintain a constant delivery pressure from the pumps, and for this purpose the pressure in the hydraulic pressure system is regulated by valve means actuated in accordance with the delivery pressure.
  • the pressure in the hydraulic pressure system may be varied in accordance with the atmospheric pressure to adjust the pump delivery pressure in accordance with the altitude requirements of the engine.
  • a fuel supply system of the kind set forth which comprises two or more pumps delivering to a common point, means associated with each pump for regulating its delivery, a hydraulic control system common to the regulating means for independently adjusting each of them and means for isolating one or more regulating means from the common control system whereby one or more of the pumps is or are put out of operation and the other or others adjusted to increase its or their delivery.
  • a fuel system of the kind set forth which comprises two pumps delivering to a common point, each of which is capable of supplying substantially the full requirements of the engine, means associated with each pump for regulating its delivery.
  • a hydraulic control system common to the regulating means for independently adjusting each regulating means from the common control system whereby one of the pumps is put out of operation and the other adjusted to increase its delivery.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic tem as a whole
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view, to an enlarged scale, of that part of the system with which this invention particularly deals.
  • the gas turbine jet-engine which is generally indicated by the reference numeral 5, comprises compressor 6, combustion chambers l, turbine 8 and jet pipe 9.
  • Fuel is delivered to the combustion chambers from a tank in by way of a filter H to a control. generally indicated by the dotted outline H, a shut-0E cock l3, and pipe line IS.
  • the fuel is delivered under pressure by a pair of pumps which form a part of control 12 as will be explained in detail hereinafter.
  • the two pumps are independently driven, for instance, they may both be driven independently from the engine 5 or one may be driven from the engine and one driven, for example, by an electric motor.
  • the pumps l6 and ill are of the swash-plate type and each comprises a pump body It. a plurality of plungers it therein, a spring 20 for each plunger urging it against the swash-plate 2d, a common inlet 22 to the plunger barrels and a common outlet 23 therefrom.
  • the swash-plate it is angularly adjustable by a linkage 24 to vary the effective stroke of the plungers-and hence the delivery of the pump.
  • Each pump is driven as mentioned above by a shaft 25.
  • Each pump l6, H receives a supply of fuel at low pressure from tank In by main pipe 26 and branch pipes 21 and they both deliver the fuel under a high pressure to a main pipe 28, a throttle valve 29, and so to the engine 5.
  • the throttle valve 25 gives the desired control of the engine in'the usual manner, being adjusted for opening by lever 30.
  • each ram 34 The pressure on the spring-blessed side of each ram 34 is determined by an outflow valve 4
  • communicates with each device 32 by a pipe line 44, whilst pipes 3i carrying the fuel delivery pressure, communicate with a common branch 31 leading to cylinder 33 whose piston 33 operates on an arm 40, carrying the movable member of valve 4
  • the arm 40 is fulcrumed on a sealing diaphragm l4 and is adjusted by a barometric capsule 43, which varies the loading of the spring 42 with changes of operational altitude of the aircraft.
  • the arrangement above outlined (which has been hitherto known and used) is such that when a pre-determined pressure is reached within the cylinder 35, l. e. the fuel pressure delivery reaches a certain value. piston 39 raises arm ill against spring 42 to open valve 4 l.
  • is the size of the restricted orifice 36: thus, it the outflow at 4
  • a reduction of delivery pressure results in piston 39 reducing its operative load against spring 42 and valve 4
  • is returned to inlet pipe 21. If the pressure of the pump falls the opposite sequence of operations is followed, valve 4
  • each ram 34 is provided with an outlet 45 controlled by the diaphragm-controlled valve 46.
  • the diaphragm 41 is subject to the centrifugal pressure generated in the pump chamber l8 and it is arranged that at a pre-determined rotational speed of the pump this pressure opens valve 46 to enable fuel to escape from the control system, and to result in a reduction of the pump stroke and its delivery pressure.
  • the outflow through the valve 46 returns to the inlet side 22 of the pump.
  • a spring 48 normally loading the valve 46 on to its seating may be compressed by fuel-pressure loading on the valve 46 so that the valve lifts, when a pre-determined pump delivery pressure is communicated to it through a restricted passage 36, whereby the valve 46 also operates as a relief valve.
  • Each of the pumps I6, I! is made of such capacity that it can supply substantially the full power requirements of the engine 6 if the other pump is for any reason rendered inoperative.
  • the possible sources of failure in this system are (a) the control valve 4
  • an isolating control is provided between pump l1 and the outflow valve 4
  • Any suitable form of shut-oil valve or cock 43 is used. operated mechanically or by a solenoid or any other form of remote control, and this provides adequate safeguards against the possible source of failure mentioned above, as now about to be described.
  • controls devices 32 so that it adjusts the stroke '01 each of the pumps so that each supplies approximately half the total requirements of the engine 5.
  • This control is effected by the devices 32 which are adjusted with variation in the rate of discharge through outflow valve 4
  • the hydraulic pressure will be equal on both sides of the ram 34 of the isolated pump H, the pressure on the spring biased-side being no longer determined by the outflow valve 4
  • This delivery may be appropriate to the maximum permissible speed of the engine, or a governor-control from the engine may be fitted to the pump so that when it is operating to supply the engine on its own the stroke of the pump is automatically adjusted to give the maximum permissible speed of the engine.
  • valve 46 on the pump I. should stick open the decrease in the controlling pressure on the hydraulic rams 34 will become apparent to the ilot and closure of valve 46 again restores the conditions in which the isolated pump l1 effects the full requirements of the engine as described above.
  • valve 48 on the pump .i'l should stick open, a
  • the outflow valve control would operate in a direction to increase the joint de-' livery of the two pumps, but as it would be unable to effect this, the closure of the isolating valve 49 would bring one or other pu'np into operation to give the full delivery. If it is the isolated pump I! which has failed, the unisolated pump iii would continue to function normally giving the full delivery under the control of the relief valve It. If, on the other hand, it is the unisolated pump it which has failed, the isolated pump ll then continues to supply the full requirements of the engine.
  • a fuel supply system of the kind set forth comprising a plurality of pumps delivering to a common point, means associated with each pump for regulating its delivery, an hydraulic control system common to the regulating means for independently adjusting eachof them and means for isolating at least one regulating means from the common control system whereby at least one of the pumps is put out of operation and the remainder adjusted to increase delivery.
  • a fuel supply system of the kind set forth comprising two pumps delivering to a common point, each oi. which is capable of supplying substantially the full requirements of the engine, means associated with each pump for regulating its delivery, an hydraulic control system common to the regulating means for independently adjusting each of them and means for isolating a regulating means from thecommon control system whereby one of the pumps is put out of operation and the other adjusted to increase its delivery.
  • a fuel supply system in which the common hydraulic control system incorporates an outflow valve, the opening of which is adjustable by the delivery pressure of the pumps, through which the fuel passes from the delivery line of each pump by way of a restricted orifice, and means responsive to the pressure drop across each of the restricted orifices for regulating the associated pump.
  • the isolating means comprises a manually operated valve.
  • a fuel supply system comprising a main fuel delivery pipe; a plurality of adjustable capacity fuel pumps; fuel delivery connections, one between each of said pumps and said main fuel delivery pipe; capacity adjusting means for each of said pumps, each such means including a chamber and a member actuated by hydraulic pressure in said chamber a main regulating pressure interconnecting pipe: hydraulic regulating pressure connections, one between each of said chambers and said main interconnecting pipe; means for delivering liquid under pressure into the system constituted by said main interconnecting pipe, said regulating pressure connections, and said chambers, regulating means for defining the pressure in said system so as normally to actuate said capacity adjusting means together in accordance with such pressure; and means for hydraulically isolating at least one of said chambers from the hydraulic pressure regulated by said regulating means, thereby to permit independent actuation of at least one of said capacity adjusting means.
  • a fuel supply system comprising a main fuel delivery pipe; a plurality of adjustable capacity fuel pumps; fuel delivery connections, one between each of said pumps and said main fuel delivery pipe; capacity adjusting means for each of said pumps, including a chamber and a member actuated by hydraulic pressure in said chamber; regulating pressure connections to each of said chambers; a main interconnecting regulating pressure pipe connected to each of said regulating pressure connections; means for supplying liquid under pressure to said interconnecting pipe, and said regulating pressure connections and said chambers; means for regulating the pressure in said inter-connecting pipe, thereby normally to actuate said members together in accordance with said pressure, and means for hydraulically isolating at least one of said chambers from said interconnecting pipe.
  • a fuel supply system comprising a main fuel delivery pipe; a plurality of adjustable capacity fuel pumps; fuel delivery connections, one between each of said pumps and said main fuel delivery pipe; capacity adjusting means for each of said pumps, each such means including a chamber and an actuating member subjected to hydraulic regulating pressure ,in said chamber, such that reduction of saidregulating pressure is operative to decrease the capacity of the associated. pump; a main regulating pressure interconnecting pipe; regulating pressure connections, one between each of said chambers and said main interconnecting pipe; means for regulating hydraulic pressure in said interconnecting pipe, thereby normally to effect capacity adjustment of the pumps together in accordance with such pressure, and means for isolating one of said chambers from said main interconnecting pipe.
  • a fuel supply system comprising a main fuel delivery pipe; a plurality of adjustable capacity fuelpumps; fuel delivery connections, one between each of said pumps and said main fuel delivery pipe; capacity adjusting means for each of said pumps, each such means including an actuating member subjected to a first hydraulic pressure in a first chamber on one side of said member derived from the discharge pressure of the associated pump and a second hydraulic pressure in a second chamber on the other side of said member, derived from said discharge pressure through flow restricting means, each of said capacity adjusting means being operative to decrease the capacity of its associated pump on increase of said pressure diiference; liquid flow connections to each of said second pressure chambers; a main interconnecting liquid flow pipe connected to each of said liquid flow connections; valve means regulating the outflow from said main interconnecting pipe, whereby said second hydraulic pressure is defined by said outflow correlated with the flow through said restricting means normally to adjust the capacity of the pumps together in accordance with such second pressure; and means for hydraulically isolating at least one of said liquid
  • a fuel supply system comprising a main fuel delivery pipe; a plurality of adjustable capacity fuel pumps; fuel delivery connections one between each of said pumps and said main fuel delivery pipe; capacity adjusting means for each of said pumps, each such means including a chamber and an actuating member subjected to hydraulic regulating pressure in said chamber, such that reduction of said regulating pressure is operative to decrease the capacity of the associated pump; a main regulating pressure interconnecting pipe; regulating pressure connections, one between each of said chambers and said main interconnecting pipe, means for regulating hydraulic pressure in said regulating pressure interconnecting pipe as a function of pressure conditions in said main fuel delivery pipe, thereby normally to effect capacity adjustment of the pumps together in accordance with such pressure to maintain a predetermined pressure condition in 'said main fuel delivery pipe; and means for isolating one of said hydraulic pressure actuating members from said main regulating pressure interconnecting pipe, whereby capacity adjusting means remaining connected to said main interconnecting pipe is efiective to maintain said predetermined pressure conditions in said main
  • a fuel system comprising a main fuel delivery pipe; two adjustable capacity fuel pumps, each capable of supplying normal engine requirements; fuel delivery connections, one between each of said pumps and said main fuel delivery pipe: capacity adjusting means for each of said pumps, each such means including a chamber and an actuating member subjected to hydraulic regulating pressure in said chamber, such that reduction of said regulating pressure is operative to decrease the capacity of the associated pump; a main regulating pressure interconnecting pipe; regulating pressure connections one between each of said chambers and said inain interconnecting pipe; means for regulating hydraulic pressure in said interconnecting pipe as a function of pressure conditions in said main fuel delivery pipe, thereby to normally effect capacity adjustment of the pumps together in accordance with such pressure to maintain a predetermined pressure condition in said main fuel delivery pipe: and means for isolating one of said hydraulic pressure actuating members from said main interconnecting pipe, whereby the remaining actuating member is effective to maintain said predetermined pressure conditions in said main fuel delivery pipe.
  • a fuel supply system comprising a main fuel delivery pipe, a plurality of adjustable capacity fuel pumps, fuel delivery connections one between each of said pumps and said main fuel delivery pipe, capacity-adjusting means for each of said pumps each such means including an actuating member subjected to the pressure difference between a first hydraulic pressure derived directly from the discharge pressure of the associated pump in a first chamber on one side of said member and a second hydraulic pressure in a second chamber on the other side of said member, each of said capacity-adjusting means being operative to decrease the capacity of its associated pump on an increase of said pressure difference, a main regulating pressure interconnecting pipe, regulating pressure connections one between the second chamber of each capacity-adjusting niean's and said main interconnecting pipe, means for isolating at least one of said capacity-adjusting means from said main interconnecting pipe, pressure regulating means normally operative to maintain the hydraulic pressure in said main interconnecting pipe at a value preselected in accordance with the fuel requirements of the engine.
  • a fuel supply system comprising a first duct between the discharge branch pipe of each pump and the flrst chamber ofthe capacity-adjusting means for that pump, a second duct between the fuel delivery connection of each pump and the second chamber of the capacity-adjusting means for that pump, liquid flow restricting means in each of said second ducts, resilient means for each capacityadjusting means urging the actuating member into said first chamber, an outflow valve for said main interconnecting pipe and means for adjusting the outflow area of said outflow valve in accordance with pressure conditions existing in said main fuel delivery pipe.
  • a fuel supply system according to claim 13 wherein said means for isolating at least one of said capacity-adjusting means is a manually operated valve.
  • each capacity-adjusting means comprises a piston and cylinder device whereof the cylinder is connected at one end to said first duct and at the other end to said second duct and whereof the piston is the actuating member and is spring-loaded towards the end of the cylinder connected to said first duct.
  • a fuelsupply system comprising a main fuel delivery pipe, two adjustable-capacity fuel pumps each capable of supplying normal engine requirements, discharge delivery connections one between each of said pumps and said main fuel delivery pipe, capacity-adjusting means for each of said pumps each such means including an actuating member subjected to the pressure difiference between a first hydraulic pressure derived from the discharge pressure of the associated pump in a first chamber on one side of said member and a second hydraulic pressure in a second chamber on the other side of said member, each of said capacityadjusting means being operative to decrease the capacity of its associated pump on an increase of said pressure difference, a main regulating pressure interconnecting pipe, regulating pressure connections one between the second chamber of each capacity-adjusting means and said main interconnecting pipe, means for isolating at least one of said capacity-adjusting means from said main interconnecting pipe, means normally operative to maintain the hydraulic pressure in said main interconnecting pipe at a value preselected in accordance with the fuel requirement of the engine.
  • a fuel supply system comprising a main fuel delivery pipe, two adjustable-capacity fuel pumps each capable of supplying an engine requirement greater than half the engine requirement at full power, fuel delivery connections one between each of said pumps and said main fuel delivery pipe, capacity-adjusting means for each of said pumps each such means including a piston and a cylinder, a first duct between one end of said cylinder and the associated fuel delivery connection, a second duct between the other end of said cylinder and said associated fuel delivery con nection, flow restricting means in said second duct and a spring-load urging said piston towards said one end of said cylinder, said capacity-adjusting device being operative to increase the capacity of its associated pump on movement of said piston towards said one end of said cylinder, said fuel system further comprising a main regulating pressure interconnecting pipe, regulating pressure connections between said other ends of said cylinders of each of said capacity-adjusting means and said main interconnecting pipe, a manually-operated isolating valve in said main interconnecting pipe between said connecting pipes, an out
US740253A 1946-04-01 1947-04-08 Fuel supply system for internalcombustion engines Expired - Lifetime US2517313A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB267191X 1946-04-01
GB130347X 1947-03-13

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US2517313A true US2517313A (en) 1950-08-01

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US740253A Expired - Lifetime US2517313A (en) 1946-04-01 1947-04-08 Fuel supply system for internalcombustion engines

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US (1) US2517313A (de)
BE (1) BE487119A (de)
CH (1) CH267191A (de)
FR (1) FR945543A (de)
GB (1) GB612624A (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2678004A (en) * 1949-09-05 1954-05-11 Lucas Ltd Joseph Control means for liquid fuel pumps
US2741088A (en) * 1950-09-29 1956-04-10 Rolls Royce Flow control means for internal-combustion engine fuel systems
US2749844A (en) * 1951-11-01 1956-06-12 Bendix Aviat Corp Pump
US2753803A (en) * 1950-05-16 1956-07-10 Lucas Ltd Joseph Means for controlling the supply of liquid fuel to the combustion chamber of a prime mover
US2864440A (en) * 1954-03-25 1958-12-16 Rolls Royce Fuel systems for gas turbine engine installations
US2988882A (en) * 1954-03-11 1961-06-20 Rolls Royce Aircraft multi-engine power plant and fuel system therefor
EP1193379A2 (de) * 2000-09-27 2002-04-03 Lucas Industries Limited Brandstoffzufuhrregelung

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2140633A (en) * 1936-03-17 1938-12-20 Kocks Fritz Means for driving tube drawing benches
US2192539A (en) * 1937-01-15 1940-03-05 Robert S Condon Transmission or the like
US2237430A (en) * 1939-07-07 1941-04-08 Higgins Eugene Motor and pump transmission
US2299234A (en) * 1937-06-09 1942-10-20 Ex Cell O Corp Hydraulic pump and control means therefor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2140633A (en) * 1936-03-17 1938-12-20 Kocks Fritz Means for driving tube drawing benches
US2192539A (en) * 1937-01-15 1940-03-05 Robert S Condon Transmission or the like
US2299234A (en) * 1937-06-09 1942-10-20 Ex Cell O Corp Hydraulic pump and control means therefor
US2237430A (en) * 1939-07-07 1941-04-08 Higgins Eugene Motor and pump transmission

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2678004A (en) * 1949-09-05 1954-05-11 Lucas Ltd Joseph Control means for liquid fuel pumps
US2753803A (en) * 1950-05-16 1956-07-10 Lucas Ltd Joseph Means for controlling the supply of liquid fuel to the combustion chamber of a prime mover
US2741088A (en) * 1950-09-29 1956-04-10 Rolls Royce Flow control means for internal-combustion engine fuel systems
US2749844A (en) * 1951-11-01 1956-06-12 Bendix Aviat Corp Pump
US2988882A (en) * 1954-03-11 1961-06-20 Rolls Royce Aircraft multi-engine power plant and fuel system therefor
US2864440A (en) * 1954-03-25 1958-12-16 Rolls Royce Fuel systems for gas turbine engine installations
EP1193379A2 (de) * 2000-09-27 2002-04-03 Lucas Industries Limited Brandstoffzufuhrregelung
EP1193379A3 (de) * 2000-09-27 2005-09-07 Goodrich Control Systems Limited Brandstoffzufuhrregelung

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Publication number Publication date
GB612624A (en) 1948-11-16
CH267191A (de) 1950-03-15
FR945543A (fr) 1949-05-06
BE487119A (de)

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