US2516085A - Container - Google Patents

Description

M. l. WILLIAMSQN 2,516,085

IW ArwnNEY.

Wy i8, 1li

Filed Feb. 14, 1945 M. nfwlLLnAMsoN CONTAINER 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATToQ/UEY.

July 18', 1950 Filed Feb. 14, 1945 M. l. WILLIAMSON CONTAINER 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 July 18, 1950 M. l. WILLIAMSON 2,516,085

CONTAINER Filed Feb. 14, 1945 x 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.

BY am. 4.4. um

ATTORNEY'.

my 513;* M. l. WHLLHAMS@ CONTAI Filed Feb. 14, 1945 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. um JW A raiesaljiiiy" is; 195o l 1 UNITED N c N A2,516,085

CUNTAINER Marshall I. Williamson, New Haven, Conn., assig'nol', by mesne assignments, to National Folding Box Company, Incorporated, a corporation of Connecticut Application February 14, 1945, Serial No. 577,772

s claims. (o1. 22e-ar) This invention relates to the production of containers made from cardboard, paperboard, `or other suitable foldable sheet material and has particular reference to the manufacture of containers for the packaging ofv granular, powdered, or fluid material which has a tendency to sift or leak through minute holdes or cracks in the container. l

Cartons and containers of conventional construction are not entirely satisfactory for the packaging of granular, powdered or fluid material for the reason that the contents will sift or leak out of the package, particularly during transport or handling when the package is subjected to vibration or slight deformation as is unavoidable in the crating or stacking of large numbers of filled containers.

Containers which are not entirely leakor sift-proof have the further disadvantage of permitting air, vapor or moisture toenter leading to deterioration or spoiling of the contents.

This invention provides a leakand sift-proof container and a method of making and sealing it. The container may be prepared and shipped from the plant of a carton manufacturer in the form of a fiat tubular collapsed blank, requiring a minimum of shipping space and may be set up, filled, and closed by a product manufacturer or packer on simple automatic machinery, operating at high speeds insuring efficient and economic production and filling of the carton.

In accordance with the invention, a carton blank having end aps for closing the carton is prepared to form corner sealing webs between adjacent end flaps. Corner sealing webs as such are known and may be formed either by a liner or a strip of material extending beyond the score lines of the end flaps over a marginal portion of the end naps adjacent the score line. Corner sealing webs may be formed from the material ofthe carton blank itself which is cut-scored and so prepared as to cause la web to peel from the carton blank at'each carton corner when the end flaps adjacent such corners are folded in carton closing position.

Conventional sealing webs, although effective to seal a carton at the very corner, are not effective to prevent loss of contents through cracks and apertures which are beyond the area of the corner webs.

According to the invention, a completely sealed and tight sift-proof container may be formed in the following manner. e

Two end flaps hinged to opposite side walls are The remaining two end aps are then outfolded.

A sealing membrane is then placed over the folded flaps, the membrane adhering to the outside surface of the infolded flaps, to the corner yvebs and to the inside surface of the outfolded aps.

After securing of the membrane tothe carton end aps and the corner webs, the carton end is tightly sealed against sifting and leakage from the interior as well as against entry of air, vapor or moisture into thecarton from the outside.

The various features, objects, and advantages of the invention as well as the structural details of preferred forms of cartons and the steps of my method will appear more fully from the detailed description which follows, accompanied by drawings showing, for the purpose of illustration, preferred embodiments of the invention.

The invention also consists of certain new and original features of construction and combination of parts hereinafter set forth and claimed.

Although the characteristic features of the invention which are believed to be novel Awill be particularly pointed out in the claims appended hereto, the invention itself, its objects and advantages and the manner in which it may be carried out may be better understood by referring to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part of the description, in which- Fig. l is a plan view of a prepared blank from which my improved container may `be formed, the inside surface of the blank facingthe observer and having attached to it strips of material for forming corner webs;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a collapsed tubular blank made from the blank shown in Fig. l by folding and sealing operations;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the end of a carton formed from the expanded blank of Fig. 2 after a first infolding operation by which corner webs are formed;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the carton end after a further folding operation immediately prior to the application of a sealing membrane.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the carton of Fig. 4 after securing of a sealing membrane to the carton end, the carton end being now completely sealed;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the carton end after a further folding operation;

Fig. '7 is a perspective view of the carton end `after a nal foldingand securing operation;

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the inside surface of first infolded to whereby corner webs are formed. a blank, from which my improved container may aslaoes be formed, the blank being prepared to form corner webs from material peeled from the carton blank;

Fig. 9 is a plan view of a collapsed tubular blank made from the blank shown in Fig. 8 by a first folding and sealing operation.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the end of a carton formed from the expanded blank of Fig. 9, the carton end being shown after a first infolding operation of end flaps by which corner webs are formed.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the carton end after a further folding operation and immediately prior to the application thereto of a sealing membrane;

Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the carton end of Fig. 11 after securing thereto of a sealing membrane, the carton end being now completely sealed.

Fig. 13 shows the carton end after a further folding operation;

Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the carton after a. nal folding and securing operation;

Figs. 15 and 16 show alternative ways of securing the carton top panel in position; and,

Fig, 17 shows a carton embodying the invention, made from a five panel blank and provided with a dispensing aperture and a reclosable top.

In the following description and the claims, various details will be identified by specific names for convenience. These names, however, are intended to be as generic in their application as the art will permit. Like reference characters refer to like parts in the several figures of the drawing.

In the drawings accompanying, and forming part of the specification, certain specific disclosure of the invention is made for the purpose of explanation, but it is understood that details may be modified in various respects without departure from the broad aspects of the invention.

The blank A shown in Fig. l is substantially rectangular in outline resulting in a minimum waste of material. 'I'he blank may be cut and scored from a large sheet or roll of paperboard or other suitable foldable material on an automatic cutting and scoring machine. Only one side of the blank need be decoratively finished or imprinted, since only one surface of the blank is presented as the outside face of the assembled container. In Fig. 1 the blank is shown in a position in which the inside surface faces the observer.

The blank comprises four side wall panels, II, I2, I3, and I4, hingedly connected along parallel side score lines I5, I6, and I1. A securing flap I8 is hingedly connected to the side wall panel I4 along a further side score line I9 parallel with the score lines I5, I6, and I'l.

The ends of the side wall panels I I, I2, I3, and I4 are dened by parallel end score lines 20, and 2| which intersect the side score lines I5, I6, I'I, and I9 at right angles. Substantially rectangular first end flaps 22, 23, 24, and 25 are hingedly connected to the ends of alternate side wall panels II and I3 along the end score lines 20 and 2|, respectively. Second end flaps 26, 21, 28, and 29 are hingedly connected to the remaining end panels I2 and I4 along end score lines 20 and 2|. respectively. The length of the first end flaps 22, 23, 24, and 25 is preferably equal to approximately one half the width of the wider side panels I2 and I4, so that their outer edges will abut when iie flaps are infolded into carton closing posi- Two strips 30 and 3| of relatively tough, tearresistant material, such as kraft paper, are adhesively secured to the inside surface of the blank A over the end Score lines 20 and 2I. The strips 30 and 3I overlap a marginal portion of the end flaps adjacent the end score lines 20 and 2| and are lightly glued to the end flaps so that during the folding operation of the blank the strips will be peeled off from the end flaps in certain places without damage to the strips.

The blank A may be pre-formed at the plant of a blank manufacturer into flat tubular form ready for expansion into carton shape. For this purpose adhesive a is first applied to the outside surface of the tube-securing flap I 8 and to the protruding portions 32 and 33 of the strips 30 and 3|. The blank is then folded about the score line I1 to bring the inside surface of the side wall panel I4 face to face with the inside surface of the side Wall panel I3. Thereafter, or substantially simultaneously, the blank is folded about the score line I5 to bring the inside surface of the side wall panel I I face to face with the inside surface of the side wall panel I2. The folding operations bring the terminal portion of the side wall panel I I and of the strips 30 and 3I into adhesive engagement with the securing flap I8 and terminal portions 32 and 33 of the strips. The result is a tubular collapsed fiat blank A' shown in Fig. 2.

The blanks A' may be stacked and stored in collapsed flat condition requiring a minimum of space. They may be shipped in collapsed condition to the product manufacturer or packer where the blanks are expanded into hollow carton form by conventional equipment ready for filling and sealing.

As cartons are needed for filling, blanks A are expanded into hollow carton form. The cartons are then closed at one end, then inverted, lled, and closed at the other end, whereafter the cartons are ready for shipment. Inasmuch as the end structures forming the carton bottom and top are identical, it will only be necessary to describe in detail the forming of one end closure, it being understood that the other end of the carton is closed in the same manner.

Fig. 3 shows an expanded carton blank A", after an initial folding operation. The illustrated carton end may, as hereinbefore indicated, represent the bottom structure of a hollow expanded blank to be filled after completion of the closure, or it may represent the top structure of a carton filled with merchandise.

'I'he folding operations are preferably performed by an automatic machine through which the carton travels in the direction of the arrow 34. During the advance of the blank A the end flaps 22 and 24 are rst infolded into carton closing position. The infolding of the end flaps 22 and 24 causes the lining strip 30 to peel from corner areas 35, 36, 31, and 38, whereby sealing webs, gussets, or bellows folds 39, 40, 4I, and 42 are formed which seal the pin holes which otherwise would exist at the four corners of the carton end.

During a further advance of the carton the end flaps 26 and 28 are outfolded into a position substantially coplanar with the infolded end flaps 22 and 24 as shown in Fig. 4. With the end flaps 26 and 28 outfolded, the carton moves toward a suitable device which applies a sheet or membrane 43 of vsuitable material to the end structure of the carton A".

acidosis causing the sheet to adhere by mere application of pressure. yThe width of thesheet or membrane 481s preferably somewhat greater than the space betweenthe outer edges of the liner strips 38 overlying the end panels 26 and 28. Its

length is prei'rably equal to the width of the end panels v26 and 28 `sb as to extend from one end of the/ carton bottom or top to the other.

Fig. shows the sealed carton A'" with the membrane 43 in place. During the sealing operation the outfolded carton flaps 26 and 28 travel over rails 44 and 45 which relieve the carton walls of the sealing pressure P exerted on the marginal portion `of the membrane 43. Considerable force maythusrbe exerted on the marginal portion of the membrane including `the webs, insuring a positive, tight seal of the carton at the critical areas.

'I'he sealing membrane overlies, and is adhesively secured to, the outside surface of the infolded end flaps 22 and 24, to the portion of the strip overlying the end panels 26 and 28, to the gusset folds or webs 38, 48, 4I, and 42and to a portion of the inside surface of the end iiaps 26 and 28 adjacent the outer edges of the strip 38.

It is apparent from a 'mere inspection of the drawingv that the carton end is tightly sealed against sifting or leakage from the carton, as well as entry of air, vapor or moisture into the carton. Any sifting or leakage which could have occurred if the carton A" shown in Fig. 4 had been provided only with corner webs is pre` vented by the membrane preventing material from escaping through the innerv open ends e of the webs or gusset folds and between the abutting edges of the aps 22 and 24. Any sifting or leakage which might occur at the four corners of the carton provided only with a sealing membrane 43 is prevented by the corner webs 38, 48, 4i, and 42 which seal the pinholes.

The carton A" sealed as shown in Fig. 5 is now ready for securing `of the end flaps. During the advance of the carton through the sealing machine the end flap 28 is first infolded about the score line 28 to overlie the sealing membrane 43 as shown in Fig. 6. Thereafter, or substantially simultaneously, the remaining end flap 26 is folded over the end ilap 28 adhesive having first been applied to the inside surface of the end ap 26 as indicated at a.

The carton A" is now ready for shipment and storage and will effectively protect the carton contents againstmoisture, air or vapor from the outside and prevent sifting ror leaking of the contents of the carton.

My novel sift and leak-proof container may also be made from a blank without the aid of attached liner strips or a separate inner liner sheet. Such a blank B, to be made into a sift proof carton, is shown in Fig. 8. It consists of a substantially rectangular piece of material, preferably laminated paperboard,` consisting of relatively low grade board with a sheet of highgrade, tear-resistant material laminated to the entire inside surface. A decorative ply suitable for printing may also be provided on the outside of the blank although strength of the Vout-V side lamination is of secondary importance to appearance. The resultant board has the property of peeling readily at portions which are suitt 0 t ably prepared `by cut scoring, that is by a out partway through the material so that the tearresistant lamination is not lsevered where the material is intended to peel.

`The blank comprises side wall panels 4l, 41, 48, and 48, hingedly connected along side score lines 58, 5I and52. A securing ilap 53 is hingedly connected to the side wall panel 48 along a further side score line 54, parallel .with the score lines 58. 5l and 52.

The ends of the side wall panels 46, 41, 48 and 48 are defined by parallel end score lines 55 and 56 which intersect the side score lines 58, 5l, 52 and 54 at right angles.

Substantially rectangular first end flaps 51, 58, 58 and 68 are hingedly connected to the ends of alternate side wall panels 46 and 48. Second end flaps 6I, 62, 63 `and 64 are hingedly connected to the remaining end panels 41 and 48 along the score lines 55 and 56, respectively. The length of the rst end flaps 51, 58, 58 and 68 is preferably equal to approximately one half of the width of the wider side panels I2 and I4, so that their outer edges will abut when the flaps are infolded in carton closing position.

The end aps of each carton end are separated by cut lines 65, 66 and 61 and cut lines 68, 68 and 18, respectively. These cut lines are extensions of the respective side score lines 58, 5I and 52, and terminate short'of the end score lines `55 and 56 and continue as outer cut-score lines 58', 5l', 52' and 54', to either side of the end score lines 55 and 56. Arcuate inner cut- score lines 1I, 12, 13 and 14, 15, 16, 11 and 18 may in addition be provided about the intersections of the end score lines 55 and 56 with the side score lines 58, 5i, 52 and 54.

The inner arcuate cut scores, severing the tearresistant inner lamination of the board, serve to facilitate even and uniformly symmetrical peeling at the respective areas along the cut scored lines upon folding of the end iiaps to form webs of predetermined thickness as will presently appear from a consideration of thesteps further below described for completing the blank into carton form.

The ends of the securing flap 53 extend to the e'nds of the cut score lines 58', 5l", 52, and 54', respectively, to initiate the desired peeling of the cut scored portions when the securing flap 53 is folded in respect to the end flaps 63 and 64.

The blank B is preformable into fiat tubular form by folding about score lines 58 and 52, adhesive having previously been applied to the outside surface of the securing flap 53. The folding operations bring the terminal pbrtion of the side wall panel 46 and portions of the attached end flaps 51 and 58 into adhesive engagement with the securing ap 53 and its extensions. The result is a tubular collapsed flat blank B shown in Fig. 9.

The completion of the carton blank B' into final carton form proceeds, in substance, like the assembly and completion of the blank A hereinbefore described.

Fig. 10 shows the carton blank B" in expanded condition after an initial folding operation which may, as hereinbefore described in connection with blank A", be preformed on an automatic folding machine. The infoldng of the end flaps 51 and 58 with respect to the upstanding end panels 6l and 63 causes the cut scored material to peel, forming gussets or corner webs 18, 88, 8| and 82.

During the further advance of the carton through the sealing machine the end flaps 6| and 63 are outfolded into a position substantially coplanar with the infolded end flaps 51 and 59, as shown in Fig. 11. A sheet or membrane 83 of suitable material is then adhesively secured to the end structure of the carton to cover the outsidesurface of the infolded end flaps 51 and 59, the y or-membrane 83 as is shown in Fig. 13. `There' after the end flap 6|.s folded over the.nfolded end flap-63 .and is secured in place .by suitable means, such as a strip of adhesive a. applied to theunderside of. the end flap 6|.

AlternativeA means for maintaining the. end panels of the carton in folded position are shown in Figs. 15'and 16. Adhesive A on the top end flap may be omitted and the end flap be held by a decorative seal 86. placed over the edge of the end ilap as shownin Fig. 15. Also the top end ap maybe provided with asealing tab 81 over.- lying the front panel ofv the carton. Evidently there are many other possibilities of maintaining the end ilaps in downfolded position as will readily occur to persons skilled inthe art.

This invention lends itself particularly well the making of dispensing containerswhichrafter the initial opening are to be reclosed. A reclosable container is shown in Fig. 17; It is made from a blank having five side wall panels 88, 89, 98, 9| and 92. The side wall panel 92 is an additional panel which overlies the side wall panel 88 and is secured thereto by marginal glue strips a. A top panel 93 is hingedly secured to the rear wall panel 90 and has a tuck flap 94 hingedly secured thereto. The tuck ap is provided with a tongue 95 fitting into a slot 96, in the additional front panel 92, which is not glued to the underlying panel 88 in the neighborhood of the slot and thus forms a convenient pocket into which the tongue 95 may be inserted. The membrane 91 may be provided with a line 98 defining a dispensing aperture lying therebeneath.

The carton is opened by lifting up the top panel and cutting out or otherwise removing the portion of the membrane covering the dispensing aperture. Thereafter the carton may be reclosed by inserting the tongue 95 of the tuck ap 94 into the slot 96.

Thus an attractive container is provided which is absolutely siftand leak-proof, yet extremely simple of construction. The novel container may be made, filled, and sealed on automatic machinery, conventional automatic box machines being easily adaptable for the manufacture and sealing of the new carton. A particularly advantageous feature in this connection is the fact that the carton may be advanced continuously along a straight line track for performance of all the folding, closing and sealing operations.

Manifestly, the invention is not limited to the specific forms of cartons herein illustrated and described. Numerous modifications may be made without departure from the spirit and teachings of this invention. For example, a one-piece sheet iii) or liner may be employed covering the inside surface of the wall panels in place'of the two strips on the blank shown inFig. 1. The carton panels may be'made oi equal width so` as to produce a carton of square cross section., The sealing membrane may be made of transparent or nontransparent material. It may be applied from rolls or sheets by automatic labeling machines. Various forms of dispensing apertures may be employed and other forms -of reclosures be providedas will be quite apparent topersons skilled in the art. l

The novel carton offers numerous advantages and features in addition to the feature of being siftand leak-proof.

An important feature is that the carton may be set up from a ready prepared collapsed fiat tubular blank, thus reducing the expense of shipping empty hollow containers. A further feature is thatthe carton, if provided with transparent sealing membrane covering a dispensing aperture asA shown in Fig. 17, will permit visual inspection of its `contents whileV the carton is still tightly sealed. Thev overlying cover protects the window effectively from damage during storage, transport and handling, but may readily be opened for display and reclosed without disturbing the tight seal of the carton.

A further feature of the carton is its manner of sealing. Considerable force may be exerted on the rail supported-marginal portions of the sealing membrane, that is at the critical points, with- `out danger of deformation of the carton itself and without exertion of the force against the carton Walls.

This Ais a particular advantage in cartons where the vmembraneis attached by heat sealing as may be preferable for cartons containing uid matter.

Obviously various changes, additions, omissions and modifications may be made in adapting the novel container to specific uses without departure from the principles of this invention.

What is claimed is:

' 1. A carton having end flaps hingedly connected to side walls of the carton along end score lines; a web forming member on the inside of the side walls extending beyond the end score lines over a marginal portion of the end flaps adjacent the hinge lines, said member forming sealing webs at the corners upon folding of the end flaps into carton closing position; and a membrane adhesively secured to the outside surface of opposed infolded end flaps, to said webs, and to the inside surface of the remaining end flaps, said membrane being larger than the end area of the carton to extend, in substantially fiat condition, over the pair of infolded end flaps and over marginal portions of said remaining end flaps, which marginal portions include said folded webs, whereby the membrane may be sealed to said remaining flaps and said webs under pressure while said remaining flaps are being rigidly supported in outfolded condition against the sealing pressure.

2. A carton having end flaps hingedly connected to side walls of the carton along end score lines; a strip of material extending across the end score lines, the strip being adhesively attached to said side Walls and forming bellows folds at thel corners upon folding of the end flaps into carton closing position; and a membrane adhesively secured to the outside surface of opposed infolded end flaps, to said bellows folds, and to the inside surface of the remaining end flaps, said membrane being larger than the end area of the carton to extend. in substantially flat condition,

over the pair of infolded end aps and over marginal portions of said remaining endaps, which marginal portions include said folded webs, whereby the membrane may be 4sealed to said remaining flaps and said webs under pressure while said remaining flaps are being rigidly supported in outfolded condition against the sealing pressure.

3. A carton having end flaps hingedly vconnected to side walls of the carton along end score lines, the end flaps being separated by cut 'lines terminating short of said end score lines and by cut-score lines extending from the cut lines to the end score lines, the cut-score lines passing only part way through the carton material and leaving a layer of uncut material connecting the two end flaps meeting at the respective cut-score line, the uncut material being peelable from one of the end flaps and forming bellows folds at the corners upon folding of the end flaps into carton closing position; and a membrane adhesively secured to the outside surface of opposed' infolded end flaps, to said bellows folds, and to the inside surface of the remaining end flaps, said membrane being large than the end area of the carton to extend, in substantially flat condition, over the pair of infolded end flaps and over marginal portions of said remaining end flaps, which marginal portions include said folded webs, whereby the membrane may be sealed to said remaining flaps and said webs under pressure while said remaining flaps are being rigidly supported in outfolded condition against the sealing pressure.

4. A carton having end flaps; means connecting adjacent end flaps to form corner sealing webs upon folding of said flaps into carton closing position; and a membrane adhesively secured to said end flaps and said folded webs. said membrane being larger than the end area of said carton to extend in substantially flat condition over certain of said flaps in infolded position and over marginal portions of other flaps in outfolded position, which marginal portions include said folded webs, whereby the membrane may be sealed to said other flaps and said webs under pressure while said other flaps are being rigidly suported in outfolded position against the sealing pressure.

5. A carton having end flaps arranged in pairs of opposed flaps; means forming corner sealing webs, said means consisting of material connecting two end flaps at a corner; and a membrane adhesively secured to the outside surface of one pair of flaps to the inside surface of the other pair of flaps, and to said folded webs, said membrane being larger than the end area of said carton to extend in substantially flat condition over said one pair of flaps in infolded position andV over marginal portions of said other` pair of flaps in outfolded position which marginal portions include said folded Webs, whereby the membrane may be sealed to said other pair of flaps and to said Webs under pressure while said remaining flaps are being rigidly supported in outfolded condition against the sealing pressure.

6. A carton having end flaps hingedly connected to side walls, the end flaps being connected at each carton corner by a web of uncut material peelable from one of the two end flaps at each corner, the uncut material forming bellows folds at the corners upon folding of the end aps into carton closing position; and a membrane adhesively secured to the outside surface of opposed infolded end flaps, to said bellows folds and to the inside surface of the remaining end aps, said membrane being larger than the end area of said carton to extend in substantially flat condition over said infolded flaps and over marginal portions of said remaining end flaps in outfolded position, which marginal portions include said folded bellows folds, whereby the membrane may be sealed to said remaining flaps and to said webs under pressure while said remaining naps are being rigidly supported in outfolded condition against the sealing pressure.

A7. A carton having four side walls, a pair of first end flaps hingedly connected from opposite side walls and a pair of second end aps hingedly connected to the remaining side walls, end flaps meeting at the carton corners being connected by webs of uncut material peelable from one of the two end flaps between which each web extends, the peeled webs forming bellows folds upon folding of a pair of end flaps into carton closing position; and a membrane adhesively secured to the outside surface of said rst pair of end aps, to said bellows folds and to the inside surface of said second pair of end flaps, said membrane being larger than the endarea of said carton to extend in substantially ilat condition over said infolded first pair of flaps and over marginal portions of said second pair of flaps in outfolded position, which marginal portions include said bellows folds, whereby the membrane may be sealed to said second flaps and to said webs under pressure while said second flaps are being rigidly supported in outfolded condition against the sealing pressure.

8. A dispensing carton having end aps;

means connecting adjacent end flaps to formv corner sealing Webs upon folding of said flaps into carton closing position; a membrane adhesively secured to said end aps and said folded webs; and a line vof weakness defining a dispensing aperture in said membrane,` said membrane being larger than the end area of said carton to extend in substantially flat condition over certain of said flaps in infolded position and over marginal portions of other flaps in outfolded position, which marginal portions include said folded webs, vfhereby the membrane may be sealed to said other flap and to said webs under pressure while said other aps are being rigidly supported in outfolded condition against the sealing pressure.

MARSHALL I. WILLIAMSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 368,819 Dierner Aug. 23, 1887 649,273 Craw May 8, 1900 1,397,756 Drysdale Nov. 22, 1921 1,634,073 Labombarde June 28, 1927'V 1,723,150 Gamon et al. Aug. 6, 1929 2,142,342 Bensel Jan. 3, 1939

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