US2512677A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Description

June 27, 1950 RAYNOR 2,512,677

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Jan. 4, 1946 5 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR Arthur E. Raynor fig. 1 BY ATTORNEY June 27, 1950 A. E. RAYNOR 2,512,677

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Jan. 4, 1946 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Fig.3

INVENTOR A rthurE Raynor ATTORNEY June 27, 1950 A, RAYNQR 2,512,677

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Jan. 4, 1946 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 w m A282 i W i I I lLSl Fig.4

INVENTOR ATTORNEY A. E. RAYNOR STEAM GENERATOR June 27, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan. 4, 1946 INVENTOR firth E. Raynor ATTORNEY Patented June 27, 1950 STEAM GENERATOR Arthur E. Raynor, Rockville Centre, N. Y., as-

signor to The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Rockleigh, N. J a corporation of New Jersey Application January 4, 1946, Serial No. 638,941

Claims. (01. 122-240) This invention relates to steam or vapor generators of the type in which substantially all of the steam is generated in furnace wall tubes.

An object of the invention is the economical and eificient generation of steam throughout a wide range of boiler load requirements.

Further, an object of the invention is to provide a high capacity steam generating installation characterized by low first cost and low space requirements by reason of the utilization of highly effective heat absorbing surfaces and the arrangement of heat absorbing surfaces so as to minimize the amount of thermal insulation required.

The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings showing a 'preferred embodiment of the invention, and other objects of the invention will appear as the description proceeds.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a vertical section on the line l-l of Fig. 2 through the steam generator, indicating the construction of the furnace and the relation of the convection section thereto;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 through the multiple furnaces of the installation, showing the division wall between the furnaces;

Fig. 3 is a plan section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1, showing the hopper bottoms of the furnaces and arrangement of the groups of tubes in the furnace division wall;

Fig. 4 is a partial plan showing the arrangement of the top water wall headers with reference to the furnace sections and the steam and water drum;

Fig. 5 is a detail view showing the construction of a furnace division wall, on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 6 is a partial elevation of the upper part of the furnace division wall taken as indicated by line E-6 of Fig. 5 and the associated arrows;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary horizontal section of a part of the furnace division wall taken as indicated by the line 1-1 and associated arrows in Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary elevation taken as indicated by the arrows at 8-8 in Fig. 5. This view shows the manner in which the tubes of one group of division wall tubes are secured together;

Fig. 9 is a partial horizontal section on the section line 9 9 of Fig. 8; and

Fig. 10 is a partial section of the hopper bottom tubes taken on the line Ill-l5 of Fig. 5.

The divided furnace construction indicated in Fig. 2 of the drawings contributes to the generation of a maximum amount of steam within given space requirements by providing steam generating wall tubes subject to heat absorption from the separate combustion chambers, H1 and 12. on opposite sides thereof.

Fig. 2 illustrates sets of pulverized fuel burners I4ll' arranged at the top of the combustion chambers III-l2 and firing downwardly thereinto. When these burners are in operation, furnace gases flow through the combustion chambers to the gas inlet 20 of the convection section 22. In this section, gases first pass over the spaced tubes of the superheater 24 and then over the tubes of the economizer 26 to a flue 28. Beyond the economizer, the gases pass over the circulators leading from the furnace wall tubes to the steam and water drum 30.

The walls of the combustion chambers 10 and I2 are formed by upright steam generating tubes connected into boiler circulation, and the tubes of the furnace division wall are likewise connected into the boiler circulation by reason of the connection of their inlet ends to the lower headers 32 and 34 which are, in turn, connected to the water space of the drum 30 by the downcomers 36 and 38 and the downcomer connections 40. At their upper ends the wall tubes are connected to the drum 3!! through a plurality of separate relatively small diameter headers 42, 43, 44, and 45, and their associated circulators. The headers 42 and 44 extend entirely across the top of the division wall and each has only a fraction (about 25%) of the total number of division wall tubes connected thereto (tubes nearest the observer in Fig. 2) while the headers 43 and 45 extend only half-way across the width of the division wall. Each of these headers has about one-half of the remainder of the division wall tubes secured thereto. The header 42 is L-shaped, and has an outlet leg 46 extending at a right angle to the front-to-rear main part of the header, and disposed in substantial parallelism to the drum 30. The circulators such as 48 directly connect the outlet leg 46 to the drum 30. The companion header 44 is similar to the header 42 except that its right-angled outlet leg extends in a direction opposite to the outlet leg 46. It is similarly directly connected t the steam and water drum 30.

The short header 45, disposed directly below header 44 has an outlet leg 5| extending at right angles thereto and in substantial parallelism to the drum 3!], similar eirculators 54-55 connecting the outlet leg 5| to the drum 3U. I The other short header 43 is similar to the header 45, with its outlet leg disposed directly below the outlet leg 46 of header 42.

The tubes of the furnace division wall are in single row wall alignment near the top of the furnace as indicated in Figs. 2, 5, and '7, and

they are held in such alignment by the arrangement of short sections of rods or bars 10-15, shown in Figs. 6 and '7. In this construction the rod section I3 is Welded to the tube and the rods 12 and 14 are welded to the opposite sides of the next tube 82. Rod section 15 is 8 and 9), rigidly secured together by the'welding of interposed rod or bar sections l ill-4 ltto"eacl'f Adjoining groups" of of two adjoining tubes. tubes are bent oppositely a's' indicated in Figs.

2, 3, and 5, so that they extendoppositelyinto adjacent furnaces o1 combustionchambers One group, for instance, will assume the position of the tube section 953 (Fig. 5) and the adjoining group will assume the position indicated by tube section F30;

- The lower parts of the groups of tubes have relatively short, bent, or truss sections; as indicated' at 132 and [34 in Fig; 5. These sections converge downwardly into single row alignment at the position indicated at 436. At'this position; the tubes of adjacent groups are rigidly sec'ured'together, as bywelding. Above the short truss-sections I32 and 1%, longer truss sections l'30and' 90 extend to the upper part oft-he division wall where" the adjoining groups of tubes converge into single row alignment. Through the-use of opposite'composite groups of tube'sections displaced from the vertical axial plane of the wall, a truss like effect is attained" which provides a relatively stilt and stable perforated partitionwall adapted to variable pressure and temperatureconditionsof the multiple chambers furnace arrangement;

By reason of the" securem'ent of a plurality of tubes in groups-as above described, and by reason" of' the opposite bending of the groups, long A shaped openingsare provided'betweenthe conibustion chambers I8 and 12, in' order that pres sureconditions may be equalized and, in order that there may beno damage by a pressurepul'i in one combustion chamber, or by other unusual combustion conditions: Also; the division wall is rigidified by the" truss construction so that the vibration due'to operating conditions is minililized: Furthermore, the'securement of the ad'- jaeht division wall tubes into groups decreases the number of horizontally ext'e'nding cro't'ches' aptto promote the accumulation of ashor" slag and other residue products of combustion; and providesrelativel'y wide' inclined surfacesover which such" solids may readily slide" into thehop= per-sat the bottomsof thefurnacesl I Below the truss constructions of the furnace divisionwall and below the position [3 6' of single row tube alignment, alternate division wall tubes are bent toward the header 34* and theinter v ening tubes are bent toward the header 32. The former are welded to hopper tube sections MB of greater diameter and the latter are similarly welded to a larger diameter hopper tube sections m; The'juhetionsor thesela'rger dianieterhopper tube sections with" the upper division wall tubes are indicated at I144 and M6. Because of the wider spacing of the" hopper tube section's I40 and M2, there are welded thereto flat studs as indicated at ls c l'ssin'iug. 1 0.

Near the upper ends of the hopper tube sec-' ti'ons M0 and M2 these sections are tied together by tension members such as [60 and interme' diate' the lengths of the hopper tube wall secti'ons the hopper tubes are supported at positions [82" and 1'64 by structural members Hill-H0 which are preferablyflsupported by the furnace walls extending at right ar'igles to the division wall, so that all of the walls, including the sloping section or the hoppers will move together with changesof temperature.

Fig. 3, taken on the section line 33'of Fig. 1, shows the arrangement of the groups of division wall tubes, the oppositely bent groups, or truss sectionsbeing indicated at li39. At the right" of the group I80 three tubes, above the hoppers; are bent into a single row alignment transversely of the general direction of the division'wall as indicated at H96 and at the opposite side ofthe division wall three tubes [98-280 are similarly bent. This arrangement leaves free communication spaces at the ends of the division wall, establishing additional intercommunication between the combustion chambers l0 and I2 ab ove the'tfurnace hoppers.

The furnace front wall 2H3 (Fig. l) is defined by steam generating tubes 252 extending upwardly from the lower header 214 which is in communication with the water space of the drum 30 through downcomers such as 36 and 33, and other downc'omer connections. From the top header 216 the furnace roof tubes such as 218 extend through the upper part of the convection gas pass to the drum-30.

From the rear furnace wall header 22!); directly connected to-the do'wncomers 222, steam generating tubes 22d extend vertically along the lower rear wall section 226", and thence along the inclined wall 228 at the lower part of the convection section. Thesetubes then extend in aplurality of rows and in staggered relationin a screen formation across the" upward flow oi gases into the convection gas pass, forming the screen 236; Beyond the screen the tubes are disposed" in'singlerow alignment, forming the wall 232 separating thefurnaces and the convection gas pass. At the top of this wall the steam gem erating tub'es'have bent circulator sections such as 23 3' and 235extendin'g across the gas flow at the top of the convection section, to the drum 3B.

The furnace side walls 249 and 2 12 (Fig; 2) arelikewi'se defined by upright stea'm generating tubes. These t'ub'es, indicated at 2:34, and 2 46', extend upwardlyfromi lower headers 268 and 2 50 which are supplied with water throughthedowmcomer'conne'cnons-ctz and 254'. They first extend'along'the inclined hopper walls 2'5G'and 258, and" then vertically to the top of the'furna'ces; They are there connected to headers, there being two headers for each of the walls 240 and 212. Forthe'wall 258 the two top headers are indicated a't2tt' and 252-. The upper header 260 has about one hal'f ofthe wall' tubes connected thereto, these being the tubes over" the front half of the wall 260? This header extends throughout the full w'idthof the walla'nd has a right angled leg extending in substantial parallelism to the steam and water drum. This rear leg is directly above the rear eg 252" of the lower header 2'62, and it is directly connected to the drum 3!! by the hori- Zoutal circulators 264'. The header 2'61)" is L- shaped, and it similar to the header 280' (for the wall 242') which appears in Fig. 4. In the lower half of this figure, the lower headers are' shown in full lines, and inthe upper half thetop headers are shown in full lines. The lower head'- er 262 has rear and side wall legs 262 and262 with the side wall leg extending across one-half of the width of the wall 240' and having the re mainder of the tubes of that wall directly connected thereto.

horizontal circulators such as 26'6":

* The rear leg 262" is directly connected to the steam and water drum 36 by The headers 260 and 262, and through them the wall 240, are suspended from the steelwork 268 by hangers 210, so that the entire wall is free to expand downwardly.

The opposite side wall 242 has its tubes similarly connected to the long header 280 and a shorter header directly underneath, with the rear legs of these headers s milarly disposed in parallelism to the drum 30 and connected thereto by the horizontal circulators such as 212 and 214.

Preferably, the above described furnace wall tubes are, for the most part, arranged in contact, as indicated in Fig. 3, but at the side walls of the convection section the tubes 300 and 302 are spaced apart. Similarly, the downcomer tube 36 and 38, along the rear wall of the convection section are spaced apart, with the spaces between the tubes 38 closed by blocks 304 of thermal insulation. The outer downcomer tubes 36 are encased by thermal insulation 306 in the space between the blocks 304 and the outer wall 308.

What is claimed is:

1. In a vapor generator, a furnace; a division wall separating the furnace into two furnace sections; a convection section including spaced fluid heating tubes disposed across a gas pass, said gas pass being so related to the division wall that the latter extends from a position closely adjacent an intermediate portion of the inlet of the gas pass to a position remote therefrom, the furnace sections being disposed in parallel flow' arrangement relative to the inlet of the gas pass, the division wall being formed by upright vapor generating tubes with pairs of adjoining tubes having angularly related truss parts extending into opposite furnace sections from the median plane of the division wall to form A-shaped gas communication openings between the sections, metallic means mechanically connecting the truss forming tubes above and below said openings to form wall rigidifying trusses; other upright vapor generating tubes defining the remaining furnace walls; and means connecting said tubes into a fluid circulation system.

2. In a vapor generator, a furnace, a division wall separating the furnace into two furnace sections; a convection section including spaced fluid heating tubes disposed across a gas pass, said gas pass being so related to the division wall that the latter extends from a position closely adjacent an intermediate portion of the inlet of the gas pass to a position remote therefrom, the furnace sections being disposed in parallel flow arrangement relative to the inlet of the gas pass, the division wall being formed by groups of adjoining upright vapor generating tubes with pairs of adjoining groups having angularly related truss parts extending into opposite furnace sections from the median plane of the division wall to form A- shaped gas communication openings between the sections, metallic means mechanically connecting adjoining groups of tubes above and below said openings to form wall rigidifying trusses; other upright vapor generating tubes defining the remaining furnace walls; and means connecting said tubes into a fluid circulation system, the tubes of each group being mechanically tied together to provide co-acting truss components of increased strength.

3. In a vapor generator, a convection section including spaced fluid heating tubes disposed across a gas pass, a plurality of furnaces the gases from which enter said gas pass, upright vapor generating tube defining the walls of the furnaces, some of said wall tubes defining a division wall common to the furnaces and arranged transversely of the inlet of said gas pass and extending from a position closely adjacent an intermediate portion of said inlet to a position remote therefrom, adjacent division wall tubes having oppositely bent portions with their lower and shorter parts extending into opposite furnaces and their upper and longer parts extending gradually back to divisional wall alignment at the upper part of the wall, means tying said adjoining division Wall tubes together below said bent portions, and means connecting said wall tubes into a fiuid circulation system.

4. In a vapor generator, a convection section including spaced fluid heating tubes disposed across a gas pass, a plurality of furnaces the gases from which enter said gas pass, said furnaces being arranged in parallel as to gas travel to said convection section, upright vapor generating tubes defining the walls of the furnaces, some of said wall tubes defining a division wall common to the furnaces and arranged transversely of the inlet of said gas pass and extending from a position closely adjacent an intermediate portion of said inlet to a position remote therefrom, adjacent division wall tubes having oppositely bent portions with their lower and shorter parts extending into opposite furnaces and their upper and longer parts extending gradually back to divisional wall alignment at the upper part of the wall, means tying said adjoining division wall tubes together below said bent portions, and means connecting said wall tubes into a fluid circulation system.

5. In a vapor generator, a convection section including spaced fluid heating tubes disposed across a gas pass, a plurality of furnaces the gases from which enter said gas pass, said furnaces being arranged in parallel as to gas travel to said convection section, upright vapor generating tube defining the walls of the furnaces, some of said wall tubes defining a division wall common to the furnaces and arranged transversely of the inlet of said gas pass and extending from a position closely adjacent an intermediate portion of said inlet to a position remote therefrom, adjacent groups of division Wall tubes having oppositely bent portions with their lower and shorter parts extending into opposite furnaces and their upper and longer parts extending gradually back to divisional wall alignment at the upper part of the wall, means tying said adjoining groups of division wall tubes together below said bent portions, and means tying together the similarly bent tubes of each group, and means connecting said wall tubes into a fluid circulation system.

ARTHUR E. RAYNOR.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 687,661 Schulz Nov. 26, 1901 2,139,348 Badenhausen Dec. 6, 1938 2,217,594 Lucke Oct. 8, 1940 2,285,442 Kerr June 9, 1942 2,330,240 Raynor Sept. 28, 1943 I Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,512,677 June 27, 1950 ARTHUR E. RAYNOR It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 2, line 19, after the numeral 84 insert a comma; column 4, line 58, after angled insert rear; column 5, line 21, after 308. insert Other rwiwlls' similar to the latter wall, are indicated at 210, 21:2,aml 240, in Fig. column 5, line 45, strike out the comma after the word furnace and insert instead a semicolon; and that the said Letters Patent should be read as corrected above, so that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.

Signed and sealed this 23rd day of January, A. D. 1951.

[SEAL] THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Commissioner of Patents.

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