US2506746A

US2506746A - Apparatus for making interrupted type faces

Info

Publication number: US2506746A
Application number: US62486A
Authority: US
Inventors: George A Simms
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1948-11-29
Filing date: 1948-11-29
Publication date: 1950-05-09
Anticipated expiration: 1967-05-09

Description

May 9 1950 G. A. SIMMS APPARATUS FOR MAKING INTERRUPTED TYPE FACES Filed Nov. 29, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

7a MIIIHH' MQMZ Gearge A. $imm$ INVENTOR.

May 9 11.95% G. A. SIMMS 2,506,746

APPARATUS FOR MAKING INTERRUPTED TYPE FACES Filed Nov. 29, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 I08 1/0 74 Fly. 5

Fig. 4.

P 78 us 9 lmmnml; I Q

George A. Simms INVEN TOR.

y 1195 G. A. SIMMS 2,506,746

I APPARATUS FOR MAKING INTERRUPTED TYPE FACES Filed Nov. 29, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 i atenteci May 9, 1950 Arm-ms mm 7 TYPE FACES A ti rth r i i 'te r et n e ii-l:

et qm 'trpe at it a e ral i me fisj which extend. therethrough' to -form uniformlysspaced ink bearing work contacting surfaces. h

Still another objectot the invention isfto enable the userto increase or decrease the Wifithfif of the grooves, thereby regulating the area of it r W hw a t t eme; l

a ov a t rh bie sm zbi t in e, y mp o -r thi ent whi mhod ea mo -its atu l ine-at pe-Ni ce? n s slug a d sa d; W1 3 ace-ha s s a v a r le r was, ex nd n the et mnehfip v 13.1 ?un focrnlyspaced ink bearing-work contacting sm .Q h r fe c e. m v n a e b ear n ree. We n. rectilinear a h wmcm s nea allel to the type face, and while so moving saigl slug cutting spaced lparallel grooves "through" the efa a a a Still other features include a supporting toggle; mounted to move in a rectilinear path, a; milling cutter having; V-shap egl type metal cutting teeth mounted adjacent the rectilinear lpathto rotate about an axis which lies transversely 9; ago, 40 a d fr said eac inte medi t th rmos thereof; means yieldingly; to advance the milling; cutter toward the rectilinear path -acljustaple means; adjacent opposite sides of *thewrectilinear path to arrest" movement I of themilling cutter undertthe'infiuence of the yieldingmeansmnd thereby regulate-the depth of; cut'madehy the milling cutter intype faces on a slug carried hythe slug; supporting table and means to *rotate the milling: cutter. V a V Other features include --means driven lay the milling cutter rotating'meanstoretard the'speeg aflwhichthe table moves in its rectili nean path beneaththe milling cutter during-the milling of a slug carried by the table:

tide a carriage mounteff am; a tab le" mountetl' 1 .v .v side TV'ie'vlfof the' machine" ill'us' 3' a efifgitii iihai section l view talgri" substanti long the lin'ejjsg s offFigulre 1,

substan Ye. k stantiallyalong "the line at Qsisi ends. by e emic M whi h o d. aid- Sid er in spac d P r lle el io a w llebe readily -n nqerstood upon reference to the-draw nc st. Ca ed. 9n he nne a 9 ch side v a f an el n t on tu l na b 6, o m neth gtli gie 'way for a carriageto be more fully hereinafter described Extending upwardly from the upper edge of;each side bar Jgintermediate the; endsthereofis' an ear I8;and'these ears l8 are provided with aligning openings 20, the purpose of which will be more fully hereinafter explained. Formed in each side bar I2 and entering the top thereof in spaced relation to each car It is an internally screw threaded opening 22, the purpose of which will hereinafter appear. Carried by each side bar I2 near its upper edge and in spaced relation to the guide I6 thereon is an inwardly extending'parallel rib 24 which cooperates with an adjacent guide I6 in forming a guideway in which the carriage designated generally 26 is mounted to slide in a rectilinear path.

The carriage 26 above referred to comprises a platform 28 from one end of which projects a handle 30, and mounted on the top face of the carriage for rotation about an axis which lies perpendicular thereto is a table 32 which is provided in its upper face with an elongated slot 34 for the reception of a type slug designated gener ally S. The table 32 is provided with an outstanding annular peripheral flange 35, and fixed to the carriage, and partially overlying the flange 36 is an inverted L-shaped bracket 38, the horizontal leg of which lies parallel with the carriage 28 and overhangs the edge of the flange 36 as will be readily understood upon reference to Figure 3. Formed in the flange 36 is a notch 40 of a size sufficient to accommodate the flange of the bracket 38 so that when necessary the table may be removed from the carriage by moving the notch 40 into registry with the bracket 38. Formed in the flange 36 and extending therethrough in parallel relation to the axis about which the table 32 rotates, is a row of spaced openings 42 which are adapted to selectively receive a locking pin 44 which is thrust through an opening in the horizontal leg of the bracket 38 as will be readily understood upon reference to the drawings. It will thus be seen that the table may be held at a variety of angular positions with relation to the carriage 28 and the rectilinear path through which the carriage moves. Formed in the upper side of the table 32 and extending from one edge thereof and opening into the slot 34 is a pair of spaced parallel grooves 45 which facilitate the introduction of an instrument below the top of the slug S to permit the latter to be pried upwardly out of the slot 34 when the slug is to be removed from the table. Entering the table 32 through one side edge thereof is a pair of spaced parallel internally screw threaded bores 48 in which are received the screw threaded shanks of set screws 50, the inner ends of which impinge against the vertical flange of the slug S to lock the slug in the groove 34.

Fixed to the underside of the carriage 28 substantially midway between opposite sides thereof, and extending longitudinally substantially throughout the entire length of the carriage is a rack bar 52 the purpose of which will be more fully hereinafter described 7 Pivotally mounted on pivot pins 54 which extend through the openings in the ears I8 is a frame designated generally 56 which comprises a pair of spaced parallel side members 58 the ends of which are bifurcated as at 60 to receive the ears I8, and the side members 58 are provided adjacent the ends opposite the bifurcated ends 60 with vertically extending openings 82, which align with the internally screw threaded openings 22 in the side bars I2 for the reception of threaded pins 64. The side members 58 are held in spaced parallel relation by cross bars 66, and formed in the ends of the side members 58 adjacent the openings 62 are notches 58 (Fig. 6)

forming shoulders 10, the purpose of which will more fully hereinafter appear. Fixed to the upper sides of the side members 58 are journal bearings I2, and rotatably supported in said journal bearings is a transversely extending shaft I4 carrying adjacent one end a drive pulley I6 and at its opposite end a flywheel I8. Fixed to the shaft I4 adjacent the drive pulley I8 is a drive pinion which has meshing engagement with a speed reducing gear train 82. This speed reducing gear train has driving connection with a drive shaft 84 which is located below the carriage 28 and extends transversely below the rectilinear path through which the carriage moves. Splined as at 85 for longitudinal sliding movement on the shaft 84 is a spur pinion 33 carrying adjacent one end a grooved collar 88 in the groove of which is received a fork 92. This fork is mounted to slide on a rod 94 which is supported in a suitable bracket 98 carried by the frame In below the carriage 26, and carried by the fork is an upstanding pin 98 which is engaged by the bifurcated end of a hand lever I00 which is pivotally mounted on a suitable bracket I02 adjacent one end of the frame I0 and is equipped with a hand grip I04 by means of which the lever may be manipulated from one end of the device. A retractile coil spring I06 is coupled at one end to the pin 08 and at its opposite end to an eye I08 carried by the bracket 96 to hold the gear 98 in retracted position and out of meshing engagement with the rack 52. From the structure just described it will be understood that when the hand grip I94 is moved against the effort of the spring I08, the gear 88 will be moved into meshin engagement with the rack 52, but as soon as the hand grip I04 is released, the spring I06 will function to withdraw the gear 88 from meshing engagement with the rack 52.

Mounted on the shaft 14 between the bearings I2 is a cutter designated generally I08 which comprises a circular cylindrical body H0 provided with spaced outwardly extending radial arms H2 the outer edges of which carry substantially V-shaped cutting or milling teeth II 4. The radial arms H2 are so spaced about the periphery of the cylindrical body H0 that a slug S carried by the table 32 may be moved along a rectilinear path beneath the cutting tool I 08 without engaging the teeth H4, and in order to indicate to the operator when the cutting tool I08 is in this position, the periphery of the flywheel I8 is equipped with an index mark H5 which cooperates with an index pointer II 8 carried by one of the bearings I2 as will be readily understood upon reference to Figure 5.

Surrounding each threaded pin 64 and bearing at one end on the head of said pin, and at the opposite end on a side member 58 is a compression coil spring I20 which yieldingly urges the side members downwardly about the pivot pins 54, and the shoulder (0 of each side member 58 into contact with a stop member designated generally I22, each of which comprises a disk I24 having an axial bore I26 for the reception of a pivot screw I28 (Fig. 1) which enters a side bar I2 adjacent the opening 22 therein. Formed on the upper surface of each disk I24 are peripherally spaced lands I30, I32 and I34 which are joined by upwardly inclined cam surfaces I36. These lands I30, I 32=and I 34 cooperate with the shoulders 10 in holding the ends of the side members 58 remote from the pivot pins 54 at various heights, thereby to increase or decrease the depth of cup made in a slug S mounted in the slot 34 in the table 32.

atom-r46 relation with the table 32.

In -use,atype slug S of the typecast on what is, known as the Ludlow machine is provided-- witha top flange I38 and a depending flange I40 which as illustrated is received in the slot 34 of the table-32 in such a manner that the top flange I38 rests on top of the table with its top surface located at-a definite position with relation to the The type face 142 is carried on the cutter 1618. top-surface of the fiange I38 as an integral part thereof, and by adjusting the-position of the table 32? on the carriage 28, it is obvious that the angular position of the slug 53- relative to the cutter may.

be governed. Having positioned the slug- S on the table; 32, the-depth of cut is next regulated by rotating the stops I22 about their respective screws I28, so that the side members 58 are held to-the desired height. With th drive pulley 15 coupled to a suitable source of power and being driven thereby, the operator need only to move the hand grip Hid into the position substantially asshown in the dotted lines in Figure 4 so as to cause theteeth of the pinion 83 to mesh with the teeth of the rack 52. Owing to the fact that the pinion 88 is driven through the medium of the speed'reduction gear train 82 in unison with the cutter [B,it will be evident that the carriage 28 and'the table 32' will be fed at a predetermined rate beneath the cutter I98 so that the type face lflipassingbeneath the cutter will have spaced grooves M4 cut therein. Obviously by raising or lowering the frameili on the stops I22, the depth ofcut-made by the teeth H4 can be. regulated andhence the width of the lands hit on the type facel42 may be regulated. As a consequence the shadingof the product of the type face may be governed, to suit the requirements of the user.

In Figures 10, 11 and 12 examples are given of the different styles of letters that may be pr0- duced' by this device, it being understood thatin- Figure the table 32 is turned so that the slug S" passes beneath the cutter H68 in an endwise position so that the printed letter designated generally l48 will be composed of a plurality of horizontal bars; With the slug S turned into the position illustrated in Figure 1, the'printed letter designated generally I50 and represented in Figure 11 will be composed'of spaced parallel vertical bars-. A, further representation of a modified printed letter I52 is illustrated in Figure 12 in which parallel diagonal cuts are made in the type face I42, so that the letter is composedof groups ofsquares and triangles. Obviously by regulating the depth of cut made in the typeface, the. amount of metal left in the landsl it may be governedand hence the printed letters resulting therefrom may be made in various shades.

While in. the foregoing there has been shown anddescribed the preferred embodiment of this invention, it is to bev understood that minor changes. inthe details of construction and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. as, claimed.

Havingdescribed the invention, what is claimed.

as. new is:

1 Ina machinefor producing an interrupted type face, a slug supporting table mounted to move in a rectilinear path, a milling cutter having V-shaped' type metal cutting teeth mounted adjacent the rectilinear path to rotate about an. axis which lies transversely of and spaced from 6 said pathintermediate the ends thereofg' means yieldingly to advance themilling cutter towardthe-rectilinear path, adjustable means adjacent opposite sides of the rectilinear path to --arrest; movement of the--milling cutter under the inns ence-of the yielding means and therebyregulate" the depthof cut made by the milling cutterin type faces 'on'a slug carried by the slug supporting table and means to rotate the milling-cutter.

2; In a machine for producing an interrupted type-face, a slug supporting table mounted-to move-in a rectilinearpath, a milling cutter hav ing V-shaped type metal cutting teeth mounted" adjacent the rectilinear path to rotate aboutan axis which liestransversely of and spaced from said path intermediate the ends thereof, means yieldingly to advance the milling'cutter'toward the rectilinear path; adjustable means adjacent" opposite sides" of the rectilinear path" to arrest movement of the milling cutter under the influ=- ence of-the yielding means and thereby regulate the depth of cut made by themillin'g' cutter' in type faces ona slugcarried by the slugsup porting table, means. to rotate the milling cutter; and'means driven by the milling cutterfrotating means to retard the speed at which the table moves inits rectilinear path beneath themilling cutter during the milling of a' slug carriedflby the table.

3; Ina machine for producing; an interrupted? type face, a slugsupporting' table mountedtof move in a rectilinear path, a milling cutter have ing V shaped type metal cutting teeth mountedi adjacentthe rectilinear path to'rotate'aboutian axis which lies transversely of and spaced-from; saidjpath intermediate the ends thereof;;means yieldingly to advance the milling cutter toward? the rectilinear path, adjustable means adjacent opposite sides of the rectilinear path to arrest" movement of the milling cutter under the influence of the yielding means and thereby regulate the depth of cut made by the milling cutt'erim type faces on a slug carried by'the slug supporting table, means to rotate the milling cutter, and. manually controlled means driven by the milling cutter rotating means to retard the speed atwhich the table moves in its rectilinear path bee neath the milling cutter during the millingofa; slugcarried by the table:

i. In a machine for producing an interrupted type face, a slug supporting table mountedto move in a rectilinear path and to rotate about an axis which lies perpendicular to the rectilinear path, a milling cutter having V-shaped type metal cutting teeth mounted adjacent the recti linear path to rotate about an axis which liestransversely of and spaced from said path intermediate-the ends thereof, means yieldinglytoadvance the milling cutter toward the rectilinear-- path, adjustable means adjacent opposite sides. of the path to arrest movement of the milling; cutter under the influence of the yielding means and thereby regulate the depth of out made by the milling cutter in type faces on a slug carried by the slug supporting table, means to rotate the milling cutter and means selectively to hold the table in various positions about the perpendicular-1 axis to regulate the angle at which a slug carried: by the table passes beneath the milling cutter;

5. In a machine for producing an interrupted" type face; a slug supporting'table'mounted-to move in a rectilinear path and to rotate about anaxis which lies perpendicular to the-rectili-nearpath, a-milling cutter having V-shaped', I type-*metal I cutting teeth mounted adjacentth ee rectilinear path to rotate about an axis which lies transversely of and spaced from said path intermediate the ends thereof, means yielding'ly to advance the milling cutter toward the rectilinear path, adjustable means adjacent opposite sides of the path to arrest movement of the milling cutter under the influence of the yielding means and thereby regulate the depth of cut made by the milling cutter in type faces on a slug carried by the slug supporting table, means selectively to hold the table in various positions about the perpendicular axis to regulate the angle at which a slug carried by the table passes beneath the milling cutter, and means driven by the milling cutter rotating means to retard the speed at which the table moves in its rectilinear path beneath the milling cutter during the milling of a slug carried by the table.

6. In a machine for producing an interrupted type face, a slug supporting table mounted to move in a rectilinear path and to rotate about an axis which lies perpendicular to the rectilinear path a milling cutter having V-shaped type metal cutting teeth mounted adjacent the rectilinear path to rotate about an axis which lies transversely of and spaced from said path intermediate the ends thereof, means yieldingly to advance the milling cutter toward the rectilinear path adjustable means adjacent opposite sides of the path to arrest movement of the milling cutter under the influence of the yielding means and thereby regulate the depth of out made by the milling cutter in type faces on a slug carried by the slug supporting table, means to rotate the milling cutter, means selectively to hold the table in various positions about the perpendi ular axis to regulate the angle at which a slug carried by the table passes beneath the milling cutter, and manually controlled means driven by the milling cutter rotating means to retard the speed at which the table moves in its rectilinear path beneath the milling cutter during the milling of a slug carried by the table.

7. In a machine for producing an interrupted type face, a slug supporting table mounted to move in a rectilinear path and to rotate about an axis which lies perpendicular to the rectilinear path, a milling cutter having V-shaped type metal cutting teeth mounted adjacent the rectilinear path to rotate about an axis which lies transversely of and spaced from said path intermediate the ends thereof, means yieldingly to advance the milling cutter toward the rectilinear path, adjustable means adjacent opposite sides of the path to arrest movement of the milling cutter under the influence of the yielding means and thereby regulate the depth of cut made by the milling cutter in type faces on a slug carried by the slug supporting table, means to rotate the milling cutter, means selectively to hold the table in various positions about the perpendicular axis to regulate the angle at which a slug carried by the table passes beneath the milling cutter, a rack bar carried by the side of the table remote from the milling cutter, a drive pinion mounted on the side of the table remote from the milling cutter to slide into and out of meshing engagement with the rack bar, means establishing driving connection between the milling cutter driving means and the drive pinion and manually actuated means to move the drive pinion into meshing engagement with the rack bar.

'8. In a machine for producing an interrupted type face, a slug supporting table mounted to move in a rectilinear path and to rotate about an axis which lies perpendicular to the rectilinear path, a milling cutter having V-shaped type metal cutting teeth mounted adjacent the rectilinear path to rotate about an axis which lies transversely of and spaced from said path intermediate the ends thereof, means yieldingly to advance the milling cutter toward the rectilinear path, adjustable means adjacent opposite sides of the path to arrest movement of the milling cutter under the influence of the yielding means and thereby regulate the depth of cut made by the milling cutter in type faces on a slug carried by the slug supporting table, means to rotate the milling cutter, means selectively to hold the table in various positions about the perpendicular axis to regulate the angle at which a slug carried by the table passes beneath the milling cutter, a rack bar carried by the side of the table remote from the milling cutter, a drive pinion mounted on the side of the table remote from the milling cutter to slide into and out of meshing engagement with the rack bar, means establishing driving connection between the milling cutter driving means and the drive pinion, yielding means to hold the drive pinion out of meshing engagement with the rack bar and manually actuated means to move the drive pinion into meshing engagement with the rack bar against the elfort of the last mentioned yielding means.

9. In a machine for producing an interrupted type face, a slug supporting table mounted to move in a rectilinear path, a milling cutter having V-shaped type metal cutting teeth mounted adjacent the rectilinear path to rotate about an axis which lies transversely of and spaced from said path intermediate the ends thereof, means yieldingly to advance the milling cutter toward the rectilinear path, adjustable means adjacent opposite sides of the rectilinear path to arrest movement of the milling cutter under the influence of the yielding means and thereby regulate the depth of cut made by the milling cutter in type faces on a slug carried by the slug support ing table, means to rotate the milling cutter, said table having a slot entering the top thereof for receiving a type slug and locating it on the table and set screws threadedly entering the table and extending into the slot for impingement on the type slug.

10. In a machine for producing an interrupted type face, a slug supporting table mounted to move in a rectilinear path and to rotate about an axis which lies perpendicular to the rectilinear path, a milling cutter having V-shaped type metal cutting teeth mounted adjacent the rectilinear path to rotate about an axis which lies transversely of and spaced from said path intermediate the ends thereof, means yieldingly to advance the milling cutter toward the rectilinear path, adjustable means adjacent opposite sides of the path to arrest movement of the milling cutter under the influence of the yielding means and thereby regulate the depth of cut made by the milling cutter in type faces on a slug carried by the slug supporting table, means to rotate the milling cutter, means selectively to hold the table in various positions about the perpendicular axis to regulate the angle at which a slug carried by the table passes beneath the milling cutter, said table having a slot entering the top thereof for receiving a type slug and locating it on the table and set screws threadedly entering the table and extending into the slot for impingement on the "We slug.

11. In a machine for producing an interrupted type face, a slug supporting table mounted to move in a rectilinear path, a milling cutter having circumferentially spaced cutting blades extending outwardly therefrom, V-shaped type metal cutting teeth on the outer edges of said cutting blades, said milling cutter being mounted adjacent the rectilinear path to rotate about an axis which lies transversely of and spaced from said path intermediate the ends thereof, yielding means adjacent opposite sides of said path to advance the milling cutter toward the rectilinear path, adjustable means adjacent opposite sides of said path to arrest the advance of the milling cutter toward said path under the influence of the yielding means and thereby regulate the depth of cut made by the teeth of the milling cutter in type faces on a slug carried by the slug supporting table, and means to rotate said milling cutter.

12. In a machine for producing an interrupted type face, a slug supporting table mounted to move in a rectilinear path, a milling cutter having circumferentially spaced cutting blades extending outwardly therefrom, V-shaped type metal cutting teeth on the outer edges of said cutting blades, said milling cutter being mounted adjacent the rectilinear path to rotate about an axis which lies transversely of and spaced from said path intermediate the ends thereof, yielding means adjacent opposite sides of said path to advance the milling cutter toward the rectilinear path, adjustable means adjacent opposite sides of said path to arrest the advance of the milling cutter toward said path under the influence of the yielding means and thereby regulate the depth of cut made by the teeth of the milling cutter in type faces on a slug carried by the slug supporting table, means to rotate said milling cutter, and means driven by the milling cutter rotating means to retard the speed at which the table moves in its rectilinear path beneath the milling cutter during the milling of a slug carried by the table.

13. In a machine for producing an interrupted type face, a carriage mounted to move in a rectilinear path, a slug supporting table mounted on the carriage to rotate about an axis which lies perpendicular to the rectilinear path, a type face milling cutter mounted adjacent the rectilinear path to rotate about an axis which lies transversely of the rectilinear path in spaced relation thereto, substantially V-shaped type metal cutting teeth on the milling cutter for cutting grooves in the type faces of a slug carried by the table, means to rotate the cutter, means yieldingly to advance the milling cutter toward the rectilinear path and the teeth thereof into the path of movement of a type slug carried by the table as the latter advances with the carriage along the rectilinear path, and means driven by the cutter rotating means to retard the speed of movement of the table as it passes beneath the milling cutter.

14. In a machine for producing an interrupted type face, a carriage mounted to move in a rectilinear path, a slug supporting table mounted on the carriage to rotate about an axis which lies perpendicular to the rectilinear path, a type face milling cutter mounted adjacent the rectilinear path to rotate about an axis which lies transversely of the rectilinear path in spaced relation thereto, substantially V-shaped type metal cutting teeth on the milling cutter for cutting grooves in the type faces of a slug carried by the table, means to rotate the cutter, means yieldingly to advance the milling cutter toward the rectilinear path and the teeth thereof into the path of movement of a type slug carried by the table as the latter advances with the carriage along the rectilinear path, and a stepped disk mounted on each side of the rectilinear path to rotate about an axis which lies perpendicular thereto, said disks cooperating to arrest at a variety of levels the advance of the milling cutter under the influence of the yielding means and thereby regulate the width of grooves cut in type faces on a slug carried by the table.

15. In a machine for producing an interrupted type face, a carriage mounted to move in a rectilinear path, a slug supporting table mounted on the carriage to rotate about an axis which lies perpendicular to the rectilinear path, a type face milling cutter mounted adjacent the rectilinear path to rotate about an axis which lies transversely of the rectilinear path in spaced relation thereto, substantially V-shaped type metal cutting teeth on the milling cutter for cutting grooves in the type faces of a slug carried by the table, means to rotate the cutter, means yieldingly to advance the milling cutter toward the rectilinear path and the teeth thereof into the path of movement of a type slug carried by the table as the latter advances with the carriage along the rectilinear path, a stepped disk mounted on each side of the rectilinear path to rotate about an axis which lies perpendicular thereto, said disks cooperating to arrest at a variety of levels the advance of the milling cutter under the influence of the yielding means and thereby regulate the width of grooves cut in type faces on a slug carried by the table, and means to hold the table in a variety of positions about the perpendicular axis to regulate the angle at which the grooves are cut in the type faces.

GEORGE A. SIIWMS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 421,962 OBrien Feb. 25, 1890 1,116,342 Adams Nov. 3, 1914 1,264,934 Howard May '7, 1918 1,366,313 Erickson Jan. 18, 1921 1,474,924 Appelquist Nov. 20, 1923 1,983,452 I-Iargraves Dec. 4, 1934 1,998,193 Hedly Apr. 16, 1935 2,131,289 Klein Sept. 27, 1938 2,456,608 Alger Dec. 21, 1948.