US2506591A - Visibility threshold device for indicating changes in the oxygen content of air - Google Patents

Visibility threshold device for indicating changes in the oxygen content of air Download PDF

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US2506591A
US2506591A US794747A US79474747A US2506591A US 2506591 A US2506591 A US 2506591A US 794747 A US794747 A US 794747A US 79474747 A US79474747 A US 79474747A US 2506591 A US2506591 A US 2506591A
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air
oxygen content
lamp
shield
indicating changes
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US794747A
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Hartley John Curtis
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/72—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using flame burners

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  • My device provides a method and apparatus for promptly indicating a deficiency of oxygen in a restricted space such as a coal or metal mine, or a sewer, a manhole, or an empty petroleum products storage tank liable or suspected to contain air decient in oxygen, by means of the reduction in the intensity of illumination produced by a flame when the oxygen content of the air is lowered.
  • a restricted space such as a coal or metal mine, or a sewer, a manhole, or an empty petroleum products storage tank liable or suspected to contain air decient in oxygen
  • I provide an opaque shield for attachment to suspending rods of a miners lantern, or the like, with a plurality of light lilters of different degrees of light-stopping power, mounted over transverse apertures in said shield,
  • the shield is mounted at a iixed distance from the center of the iiame of the lantern then a plurality of light filters are selected Which will stop all light from the flame whenever the percentage of oxygen falls to one of a plurality of predetermined minimums. When no light is passed by any of the light filters, a dangerous condition is indicated which demands prompt correction.
  • the ame f a miners safety lamp lengthens which intensies the heat applied to bi-metallic warning devices with which the improved miners safety lamps are equipped so that with my attachment for Warning that there is a deiiciency of oxygen, an inspector can quickly detect both the presence of inflammable gas o-r a deficiency of oxygen.
  • Figure 1 is an elevation of the device.
  • Figure 2 is an elevation of a miners safety lamp with my device attached thereto.
  • Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.
  • Fig. 4 is an elevation of a modified form of the device.
  • Each aperture is closed by one of a plurality of light stopping lters I1, I8, I9, and 2l); each of said filters having a v'diierent light stopping power from that of the companion filters.
  • the shield layers II I2 are formed with rod clamping extensions 2
  • My device is attached to a. standard miners safety lamp 25 by forcing the clamping extensions 2
  • my device remains at a constant fixed distance from the flame of the burner 21 and in its application to lamps of different types and construction, the density of the filters is dependent on the intensity of illumination on the inner surface of my shield, said intensity varying as the square of the distance between the shield and the iame of the burner while the oxygen content of the air remains constant.
  • a mirror 28 may be mounted on the lamp 25 at an angle of 45 degrees to the vertical axis of the lamp by means of suitable brackets 29.
  • the shield serves to cut off a direct view of the ame so that by looking at the lters it may be readily determined Whether or not light is passing through one or more of the lters.
  • a device for indicating changes in the composition of air in a restricted space by means of fluctuations in the intensity of illumination produced by the ilame of a miners lamp or the like the improvement which comprises an at-A tachment for a miners lamp including an opaque shield formed of two layers each having a plurality o! apertures, means for fastening said layers together with the apertures in one layer in alignment with those of the companion layer.
  • said shield being formed with a curvature substantially concentric with the center of the ame of the laip lateral extensions 0n each layer adapted to engage suspending rods of a miners lamp, when the layers are clamped together, and a plurality of aperture closing light filters mounted between said layers, each of a diierent lightstopping power from the remaining filters.
  • a device for indicating a deciency of the oxygen content of air in a restricted space by means of fluctuations in the intensity of illumination produced by a flame of a portable lamp of the safety lamp type provided with substantially vertical spaced rods the improvement which comprises a shield of two layers of opaque material provided with a plurality of aligned apertures, a light lter closing each aperture and diiering in light-stopping power from each of 4 the other filters, said filters being retained between said layers of said shield, said shield layers being formed with a curvature substantially concentric with the center of the ame of the lamp when in operative position with lateral margins curved to fit suspending rods of said lamp, and means for uniting said shield layers.
  • JOHN CURTIS HARTLEY JOHN CURTIS HARTLEY.

Description

May 9, 1950. J. c. HARTLEY 2,506,591
Y VISIBILITY THRESHHOLD DEVICE FR INDICATING CHANGES 1N TEE OXYGEN CONTENT 0E AIR Filed Deo. 30, 1947 /NvE/vmle.-
,JOHN C A nemer E f lf. 5 a Hrw-oe Patented May 9, 1.950
-'llie invention 'described herein-may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States for governmental purposes without the payment to me of any royalty thereon in accordance with the provisions of the Act of March 3, 1883, as amended April 30, 1928.
My device provides a method and apparatus for promptly indicating a deficiency of oxygen in a restricted space such as a coal or metal mine, or a sewer, a manhole, or an empty petroleum products storage tank liable or suspected to contain air decient in oxygen, by means of the reduction in the intensity of illumination produced by a flame when the oxygen content of the air is lowered. Wherever warned by my device of any dangerous compositi-on of the air, an inspector should seek the cause and correction of the dangerous condition without the delay and expense incident to collecting` a sample for a laboratory quantitative analysis.
Fluctuations in the intensity of illumination given oi by a miners lamp when transported from place to place are dicult to measure by the unaided eye. I provide an opaque shield for attachment to suspending rods of a miners lantern, or the like, with a plurality of light lilters of different degrees of light-stopping power, mounted over transverse apertures in said shield,
The shield is mounted at a iixed distance from the center of the iiame of the lantern then a plurality of light filters are selected Which will stop all light from the flame whenever the percentage of oxygen falls to one of a plurality of predetermined minimums. When no light is passed by any of the light filters, a dangerous condition is indicated which demands prompt correction.
When methane or other inammable gas is present in the air within a mine, the ame f a miners safety lamp lengthens which intensies the heat applied to bi-metallic warning devices with which the improved miners safety lamps are equipped so that with my attachment for Warning that there is a deiiciency of oxygen, an inspector can quickly detect both the presence of inflammable gas o-r a deficiency of oxygen.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate a preferred form of my device:
Figure 1 is an elevation of the device.
Figure 2 is an elevation of a miners safety lamp with my device attached thereto.
Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 1.
Fig. 4 is an elevation of a modified form of the device.
In these drawings:
An opaque shield formed of two curved layers 'amended April: 30,' 1928# BEHISLO.` 6:41757??A I I I Ztis provided'v transverse'apertures- I3? I4, I5, and I6. Each aperture is closed by one of a plurality of light stopping lters I1, I8, I9, and 2l); each of said filters having a v'diierent light stopping power from that of the companion filters. The shield layers II I2 are formed with rod clamping extensions 2|; 22 on one side and a reinforcing rib 23 on Vthe opposite side, all being held together by suitable rivets 24, or the like. It will be observed that the margin to which the rib 23 is attached is made concave.
My device is attached to a. standard miners safety lamp 25 by forcing the clamping extensions 2|; 22 against one of the lamp suspending rods 26 and due to the resilience of the material, these extensions will yield to admit the rod, then by springing the flexible shield II to force the opposite side against an adjacent rod 26 secure the device transversely of a zone of illumination from the burner 21 of the lamp. When so mounted on the lamp, my device remains at a constant fixed distance from the flame of the burner 21 and in its application to lamps of different types and construction, the density of the filters is dependent on the intensity of illumination on the inner surface of my shield, said intensity varying as the square of the distance between the shield and the iame of the burner while the oxygen content of the air remains constant.
A mirror 28 may be mounted on the lamp 25 at an angle of 45 degrees to the vertical axis of the lamp by means of suitable brackets 29. The shield serves to cut off a direct view of the ame so that by looking at the lters it may be readily determined Whether or not light is passing through one or more of the lters. Before entering a manhole or a storage tank which may contain air which is deficient in oxygen, a Workman may lower a miners lamp equipped with my shield and cooperating mirror 28 into the tank or the like while Watching the mirror for an danger indication.
It should be understood that the present disclosure is for the purpose of illustration only, and that the invention includes all modicatlons and equivalents which fall within the scope of the appended claims.
What I claim is:
1. In a device for indicating changes in the composition of air in a restricted space by means of fluctuations in the intensity of illumination produced by the ilame of a miners lamp or the like, the improvement which comprises an at-A tachment for a miners lamp including an opaque shield formed of two layers each having a plurality o! apertures, means for fastening said layers together with the apertures in one layer in alignment with those of the companion layer. said shield being formed with a curvature substantially concentric with the center of the ame of the laip lateral extensions 0n each layer adapted to engage suspending rods of a miners lamp, when the layers are clamped together, and a plurality of aperture closing light filters mounted between said layers, each of a diierent lightstopping power from the remaining filters.
2. In a device for indicating a deciency of the oxygen content of air in a restricted space by means of fluctuations in the intensity of illumination produced by a flame of a portable lamp of the safety lamp type provided with substantially vertical spaced rods, the improvement which comprises a shield of two layers of opaque material provided with a plurality of aligned apertures, a light lter closing each aperture and diiering in light-stopping power from each of 4 the other filters, said filters being retained between said layers of said shield, said shield layers being formed with a curvature substantially concentric with the center of the ame of the lamp when in operative position with lateral margins curved to fit suspending rods of said lamp, and means for uniting said shield layers. JOHN CURTIS HARTLEY.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the ille of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,460,055 Drew June 26, 1923 1,728,838 Stair Sept. 17, 1929 2,063,222 Beam Dec. 8, 1936 2,147,902 Jakosky Feb. 21, 1939 2,244,507 Thomas June 3, 1941 2,440,266 Hall Apr. 27, 1948
US794747A 1947-12-30 1947-12-30 Visibility threshold device for indicating changes in the oxygen content of air Expired - Lifetime US2506591A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1460055A (en) * 1921-11-17 1923-06-26 Clayton L Drew Light gauge
US1728838A (en) * 1927-12-29 1929-09-17 Anna D Stair Lamp reflector
US2063222A (en) * 1933-05-17 1936-12-08 Frank X Beau Apparatus for inspecting fluids
US2147902A (en) * 1936-01-31 1939-02-21 Jakosky John Jay Apparatus for determining photographic exposures
US2244507A (en) * 1939-03-06 1941-06-03 Thomas Henry Smoke indicator device
US2440266A (en) * 1944-12-04 1948-04-27 Joseph M Hall Comparison type light measuring device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1460055A (en) * 1921-11-17 1923-06-26 Clayton L Drew Light gauge
US1728838A (en) * 1927-12-29 1929-09-17 Anna D Stair Lamp reflector
US2063222A (en) * 1933-05-17 1936-12-08 Frank X Beau Apparatus for inspecting fluids
US2147902A (en) * 1936-01-31 1939-02-21 Jakosky John Jay Apparatus for determining photographic exposures
US2244507A (en) * 1939-03-06 1941-06-03 Thomas Henry Smoke indicator device
US2440266A (en) * 1944-12-04 1948-04-27 Joseph M Hall Comparison type light measuring device

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