US2504647A - Electric induction meter system - Google Patents

Electric induction meter system Download PDF

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US2504647A
US2504647A US790140A US79014047A US2504647A US 2504647 A US2504647 A US 2504647A US 790140 A US790140 A US 790140A US 79014047 A US79014047 A US 79014047A US 2504647 A US2504647 A US 2504647A
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winding
gas
transformer
core
toroidal
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US790140A
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Camilli Guglielmo
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase ac
    • H01F38/28—Current transformers
    • H01F38/30—Constructions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric apparatus such as transformers, and although not limited thereto it has application to high-voltage current transformers.
  • Instrument current transformers for use with higher voltages are generally enclosed within relatively large sealed tanks which are liquid-filled.
  • Such transformers are inherently large and heavy so that they must be mounted on sturdy foundations resting on the ground. This in turn necessitates that the high potential leads be brought down from the overhead transmission line for connection thereto, which entails considerable expense in the way of bus bars and superstructure for supporting the high potential leads.
  • Liquid-insulated transformers require additional non-useful space within the tank or in the bushings of such a size that the liquid may expand freely with variations in temperature.
  • the pressures developed in the liquid-filled transformers are extremely high and in many cases tanks and bushings are disrupted with considerable forces endangering life and property. In some cases fire follows the internal failures of such transformers.
  • Another object of the invention ls to provide a new and improved current transformer so constructed, and primarily so insulated between its windings without either solid or liquid insulating material, as to eliminate the dfliculties generally encountered in the drying and lling of high voltage apparatus.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide 'a gas-insulated transformer which is provided with an arrangement that distinguishes between change in pressure due to changes in temperature and reduction of pressure due to actual leakage of gas. Changes in pressure due to changes intemperature do not alect the insulation strength of the transformer, and these changes are allowed by the arrangement to be described. The arrangement also automatically replaces leakage of gas and keeps the pressure at the required level. Y
  • An added object of this invention is to provide 2 a current transformer which by means of a slight modification can be used for both current and voltage measurements.
  • Fig. l is a sectional side. elevation of a current transformer which is provided with an embodiment of my invention
  • Fig. 2 is a view of the high voltage metallic casing around which is wound the high voltage winding of the current transformer
  • Fig. 3 shows the pressure regulating arrangement
  • Fig. 4 is a view of the arrangement when the same unit is used for both current and potential measurements
  • Fig. 5 is the equivalent circuit of Fig. 4.
  • a current transformer having a casing or porcelain shell I, a generally toroidal shaped hollow metal member 2, a low voltage winding 3 which is wound over a wound core 4, and a high voltage winding 5 which links the core and the low voltage winding.
  • One terminal of the high voltage winding is connected to the casing 2, and the other terminal needs to be insulated from the casing for very low voltage (impedance voltage of the unit).
  • the high voltage Winding may consist therefore of a cable having a small amount of insulation.
  • the accuracy (ratio and phase angle) of the current transformer depends on the product of the primary current and the primary turns and therefore the ratio of the current transformer can be changed by a suitable selection of the primary turns.
  • this change in the number of turns can very conveniently be made by winding a cable over the metallic shell 2.
  • the rated secondary current of a current transformer is 5 amperes and as long as the total ampere-turns is unchanged the secondary turns are unchanged.
  • the secondary winding can be provided with suitable taps to re-establish the equality between the primary and secondary turns.
  • the core 4 and the low voltage winding 3 are supported by a metal pipe 6 which is welded to the base 1 of the transformer.
  • the unit is provided with conduction voltage e'qualizers 3 which are supported by insulating cylinders 9.
  • Compressed gas is used as the principal insulating medium between the windings. Any suitable gas may be used but at present sulphur hexe iluoride is preferred.
  • the transformer is there.a fore built to withstand pressure higher than atmospheric without appreciable gas leakage.
  • the top and bottom of the porcelain are preferably soldered to the metallic end closures 2 and 1.
  • the metallic chamber 2 is provided with an insulating ring I0.
  • This is preferably made of glass with flexible metal inserts which are soldered to the metal chamber 2.
  • the unit .lust described is preferably insulated with a compressed gas. Also, it is mentioned that changes in pressure due to changes in the internal temperature do not affect the insulation strength of the transformer. The dielectric strength depends on the number of gaseous molecules and therefore the unit must be protected from leakages of gas. If the internal pressure should drop due to drop in temperature no additional gas should be introduced in the unit. Otherwise the pressure may become dangerously high at the higher temperatures.
  • Fig. 3 shows an arrangement which distinguishes between loss of pressure due to drop of temperature and loss of pressure due to leakage of gas.
  • the interior of the transformer is connected to a bellows I3 and through an electrically operated valve I4 to a gas reservoir l5.
  • This valve is controlled also by the action of a bellows I6 which is connected to a small reservoir I1.
  • the small reservoir I1 can be placed either I inside the main transformer or exposed to the action of the ambient temperature. Let us assume that the reservoir I1 is placed inside the main transformer. Let us assume also that the loading of the transformer is such that its temperature is lowered. In this case the action of bellows I3 is balanced by the pressure of the bellows I6 with no resultant action on the valve Il.
  • Fig. 4 shows an arrangement whereby the current transformer of Fig. 1 can be used also for voltage measurements.
  • the base 1 is insulated from ground by means of post insulators I1.
  • the base I 1 assumes a potential from ground depending on the ratio of the two capacitances C1 and C: shown schematically in Fig. 4.
  • This system of capacitances is diagrammatically shown also in Fig. 5.
  • an additional capacitor C3 is placed in parallel to the capacitance C2. If C: is liquid filled it should be automatically maintained at constant acogen temperature by a well known thermcstatic ai'- rangement.
  • the potential of the core 4' and secondary winding 3 is at the same level as that of base 1 and will be at higher potential than ground and therefore in order to obtain readings of the current at a meter A (which normally should be at ground potential) aninsulating transformer I8 will be used.
  • Capacitance potential devices have been used in the past for voltage measurements. However, when the required capacitances were provided with liquid as the insulating medium the capacitances were changed by a change in temperature. This disadvantagewill not occur in the present invention where capacitances C1, Cz and C: have gaseous medium.
  • An electric apparatus including a pair of different size generally toroidally shaped metal members, means including a solid dielectric attached to the sides of said metal members for insulating them from each other and for supporting the smaller one inside the larger one so that the two are coaxial and concentric, a magnetic core and winding inside the smaller toroldal member, a winding around the outside of the larger toroidal member, and an insulating gas filling the space between said toroidal members.
  • An electrical apparatus including a core and a winding thereon having a plurality of turns, said core and winding being enclosed in a toroidal metal container which is normally maintained at ground potential, said toroidal container being evenly spaced from and enclosed in a second toroidal container which is normally maintained at higher than groundpotential, said toroidal metal containers being substantially concentric and coaxial, and an insulating gas filling the space between said containers.
  • An electrical apparatus including a core and a Winding thereon havingra plurality of turns, said core and winding being enclosed in a toroidal metal container which is normally maintained at ground potential, said toroidal metal container being enclosed in a second toroidal metal container which is normally maintained at higher than ground potential, a coil wound on the outer toroidal metal container and electrically connected thereto, means extending from the sides of said containers for maintaining them coaxial and concentric and for sealing the spaces between them, and a gaseous dielectric medium filling the space between said containers and constituting the primary insulation between said coil and winding.
  • a transformer including a pair of coaxial and concentric generally toroidally shaped metal members, means vextending from one side of each member for sealing the space between them and for supporting the inner member coaxially and concentrically with respect to the outer member, a primary winding linking the outer member, a toroidal core and a toroidai secondary winding thereon being enclosed in the inner member, said primary winding being electrically connected to said outer member, a dielectric gas lling the space between said members and gas pressure responsive means for automatically maintaining a constant amount of said gas between said members regardless of slow leaks While permitting gas pressure changes due to temperature variations.
  • a current transformer having a primary winding mounted and electrically connected to a higher voltage metal container, a low voltage metal container within the high voltage metal container, a magnetic core and low voltage secondary winding thereon mounted within said inner container.
  • solid dielectric meas for positioning said containers relative to each other, common supporting means for said containers, a di- 0 electric gas illling the space between said containers, a solid dielectric support between ground and said common supporting means for said containers, and a volt meter connected between ground and said common supporting means.

Description

7 y m nm e 4, @a n w tc, r 27 no ,m wml: l A DE I@ u H QG G. CAMILLE ELECTRIC INDUCTION METER SYSTEM Flled Dec 6, 1947 Patented Apr. 18,` 1950 ELECTRIC INDUCTION METER SYSTEM Guglielmo Camilli, Pittsfield, Mass., assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application December s, 1947, serial No. 790,140
(ci. 1v1- 95) 6 Claims.
The present invention relates to electric apparatus such as transformers, and although not limited thereto it has application to high-voltage current transformers.
Instrument current transformers for use with higher voltages are generally enclosed within relatively large sealed tanks which are liquid-filled.
Such transformers are inherently large and heavy so that they must be mounted on sturdy foundations resting on the ground. This in turn necessitates that the high potential leads be brought down from the overhead transmission line for connection thereto, which entails considerable expense in the way of bus bars and superstructure for supporting the high potential leads. Liquid-insulated transformers require additional non-useful space within the tank or in the bushings of such a size that the liquid may expand freely with variations in temperature. In case of internal failures the pressures developed in the liquid-filled transformers are extremely high and in many cases tanks and bushings are disrupted with considerable forces endangering life and property. In some cases fire follows the internal failures of such transformers.
Current transformers for use in the higher; voltages are generally built in such a manner that'A the high voltage Winding bears a fixed ratio with that of the secondary winding. For this reason a given transformer can be used only on one specic application.
It is a general object of the present invention to provide a new and improved high voltage current transformer which overcomes the above difilculties.
Another object of the invention ls to provide a new and improved current transformer so constructed, and primarily so insulated between its windings without either solid or liquid insulating material, as to eliminate the dfliculties generally encountered in the drying and lling of high voltage apparatus.
A further object of this invention is to provide 'a gas-insulated transformer which is provided with an arrangement that distinguishes between change in pressure due to changes in temperature and reduction of pressure due to actual leakage of gas. Changes in pressure due to changes intemperature do not alect the insulation strength of the transformer, and these changes are allowed by the arrangement to be described. The arrangement also automatically replaces leakage of gas and keeps the pressure at the required level. Y
An added object of this invention is to provide 2 a current transformer which by means of a slight modification can be used for both current and voltage measurements.
Further objects and advantages of my invention Will become apparent from the following description referring to the accompanying drawing, and the features of novelty which characterize my invention will be pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification.
In the drawing, Fig. l is a sectional side. elevation of a current transformer which is provided with an embodiment of my invention; Fig. 2 is a view of the high voltage metallic casing around which is wound the high voltage winding of the current transformer; Fig. 3 shows the pressure regulating arrangement; Fig. 4 is a view of the arrangement when the same unit is used for both current and potential measurements, and Fig. 5 is the equivalent circuit of Fig. 4.
Referring to the drawing and in particular to Fig. l, I have illustrated a current transformer having a casing or porcelain shell I, a generally toroidal shaped hollow metal member 2, a low voltage winding 3 which is wound over a wound core 4, and a high voltage winding 5 which links the core and the low voltage winding. One terminal of the high voltage winding is connected to the casing 2, and the other terminal needs to be insulated from the casing for very low voltage (impedance voltage of the unit). The high voltage Winding may consist therefore of a cable having a small amount of insulation.
The accuracy (ratio and phase angle) of the current transformer depends on the product of the primary current and the primary turns and therefore the ratio of the current transformer can be changed by a suitable selection of the primary turns. In the present invention this change in the number of turns can very conveniently be made by winding a cable over the metallic shell 2. Ordinarily the rated secondary current of a current transformer is 5 amperes and as long as the total ampere-turns is unchanged the secondary turns are unchanged. In any case the secondary winding can be provided with suitable taps to re-establish the equality between the primary and secondary turns.
Referring again to Fig. 1, the core 4 and the low voltage winding 3 are supported by a metal pipe 6 which is welded to the base 1 of the transformer.
To improve the voltage distribution of the porcelain I the unit is provided with conduction voltage e'qualizers 3 which are supported by insulating cylinders 9.
Compressed gas is used as the principal insulating medium between the windings. Any suitable gas may be used but at present sulphur hexe iluoride is preferred. The transformer is there.a fore built to withstand pressure higher than atmospheric without appreciable gas leakage. For this purpose the top and bottom of the porcelain are preferably soldered to the metallic end closures 2 and 1.
To avoid a short-circuited turn on the core the metallic chamber 2 is provided with an insulating ring I0. This is preferably made of glass with flexible metal inserts which are soldered to the metal chamber 2.
It has been found that in order to obtain the highest dielectric strength with a gaseous insulating medium it is necessary that the electrodes (high voltage and low voltage) be absolutely smooth and polished. For` this reason the low voltage winding is shielded with a metallic sheath II which extends over the supporting metallic pipe 6. To avoid a short-circuited turn on the core the shield II is provided with a sealed gap I2.
In the foregoing it is mentioned that the unit .lust described is preferably insulated with a compressed gas. Also, it is mentioned that changes in pressure due to changes in the internal temperature do not affect the insulation strength of the transformer. The dielectric strength depends on the number of gaseous molecules and therefore the unit must be protected from leakages of gas. If the internal pressure should drop due to drop in temperature no additional gas should be introduced in the unit. Otherwise the pressure may become dangerously high at the higher temperatures.
Fig. 3 shows an arrangement which distinguishes between loss of pressure due to drop of temperature and loss of pressure due to leakage of gas.
Referring to Fig. 3, the interior of the transformer is connected to a bellows I3 and through an electrically operated valve I4 to a gas reservoir l5. This valve is controlled also by the action of a bellows I6 which is connected to a small reservoir I1.
The small reservoir I1 can be placed either I inside the main transformer or exposed to the action of the ambient temperature. Let us assume that the reservoir I1 is placed inside the main transformer. Let us assume also that the loading of the transformer is such that its temperature is lowered. In this case the action of bellows I3 is balanced by the pressure of the bellows I6 with no resultant action on the valve Il.
In case of gas leakage from the main transformer the action of the bellows I6 will overcome that of bellows I3; the valve I4 will be opened and will remain open until the equilibrium between the two bellows I3 and I6 is reestablished.
Fig. 4 shows an arrangement whereby the current transformer of Fig. 1 can be used also for voltage measurements. In this ligure the base 1 is insulated from ground by means of post insulators I1. With such an arrangement the base I 1 assumes a potential from ground depending on the ratio of the two capacitances C1 and C: shown schematically in Fig. 4. This system of capacitances is diagrammatically shown also in Fig. 5. To obtain the desired voltage on a voltmeter V an additional capacitor C3 is placed in parallel to the capacitance C2. If C: is liquid filled it should be automatically maintained at constant acogen temperature by a well known thermcstatic ai'- rangement.
In this scheme the potential of the core 4' and secondary winding 3 is at the same level as that of base 1 and will be at higher potential than ground and therefore in order to obtain readings of the current at a meter A (which normally should be at ground potential) aninsulating transformer I8 will be used.
Capacitance potential devices have been used in the past for voltage measurements. However, when the required capacitances were provided with liquid as the insulating medium the capacitances were changed by a change in temperature. This disadvantagewill not occur in the present invention where capacitances C1, Cz and C: have gaseous medium.
Although I have shown and described particular embodiments of my invention, I do not desire to be limited to the particular embodiments described and I innd in the appended claims to cover all modifications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of my invention.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A pair of coaxial and concentric generally toroidally shaped hollow metal members, a toroidally shaped core within the inner toroidally shaped member, a winding on said core, and a dielectric gas filling the space between said toroidally shaped members.
2. An electric apparatus including a pair of different size generally toroidally shaped metal members, means including a solid dielectric attached to the sides of said metal members for insulating them from each other and for supporting the smaller one inside the larger one so that the two are coaxial and concentric, a magnetic core and winding inside the smaller toroldal member, a winding around the outside of the larger toroidal member, and an insulating gas filling the space between said toroidal members.
3. An electrical apparatus including a core and a winding thereon having a plurality of turns, said core and winding being enclosed in a toroidal metal container which is normally maintained at ground potential, said toroidal container being evenly spaced from and enclosed in a second toroidal container which is normally maintained at higher than groundpotential, said toroidal metal containers being substantially concentric and coaxial, and an insulating gas filling the space between said containers.
4. An electrical apparatus including a core and a Winding thereon havingra plurality of turns, said core and winding being enclosed in a toroidal metal container which is normally maintained at ground potential, said toroidal metal container being enclosed in a second toroidal metal container which is normally maintained at higher than ground potential, a coil wound on the outer toroidal metal container and electrically connected thereto, means extending from the sides of said containers for maintaining them coaxial and concentric and for sealing the spaces between them, and a gaseous dielectric medium filling the space between said containers and constituting the primary insulation between said coil and winding.
5. A transformer including a pair of coaxial and concentric generally toroidally shaped metal members, means vextending from one side of each member for sealing the space between them and for supporting the inner member coaxially and concentrically with respect to the outer member, a primary winding linking the outer member, a toroidal core and a toroidai secondary winding thereon being enclosed in the inner member, said primary winding being electrically connected to said outer member, a dielectric gas lling the space between said members and gas pressure responsive means for automatically maintaining a constant amount of said gas between said members regardless of slow leaks While permitting gas pressure changes due to temperature variations.
6. A current transformer having a primary winding mounted and electrically connected to a higher voltage metal container, a low voltage metal container within the high voltage metal container, a magnetic core and low voltage secondary winding thereon mounted within said inner container. solid dielectric meas for positioning said containers relative to each other, common supporting means for said containers, a di- 0 electric gas illling the space between said containers, a solid dielectric support between ground and said common supporting means for said containers, and a volt meter connected between ground and said common supporting means.
GUGLIELMO CAMILLI.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS
US790140A 1947-12-06 1947-12-06 Electric induction meter system Expired - Lifetime US2504647A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2629832A (en) * 1950-06-28 1953-02-24 Gen Electric Voltage measurement
US3173114A (en) * 1962-01-17 1965-03-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrical inductive apparatus
US3223890A (en) * 1963-09-30 1965-12-14 Gen Electric Electric protective equipment
US3396339A (en) * 1963-11-29 1968-08-06 Varian Associates Capacitive voltage sensing device including coaxially disposed conductive tubes and electrical discharge inhibition means
EP0038284A1 (en) * 1980-03-27 1981-10-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Inductive voltage transformer, with gas or fluid insulation
EP0037796B1 (en) * 1980-03-27 1984-02-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Current transformer having fluid insulant
US4935693A (en) * 1987-10-14 1990-06-19 Square D Company Line secured current and voltage sensing apparatus
US5252913A (en) * 1987-10-14 1993-10-12 Square D Company Line sensor with corona shield
EP0600233A1 (en) * 1992-11-30 1994-06-08 Kommanditgesellschaft Ritz Messwandler GmbH & Co. Leadthrough with special electrode supports in particular for high voltage
US5391835A (en) * 1991-11-07 1995-02-21 Bba Canada Limited Explosion resistant, oil insulated, current transformer

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1670697A (en) * 1926-04-06 1928-05-22 Gen Electric Electrical apparatus
US1703408A (en) * 1920-09-14 1929-02-26 Products Prot Corp Transformer
GB377477A (en) * 1930-09-01 1932-07-28 Konrad Taeuber Improvements in automatic controlling devices for oil-cooled electric apparatus
US2280625A (en) * 1939-07-28 1942-04-21 Gen Electric Transformer
US2331106A (en) * 1942-06-09 1943-10-05 Gen Electric Electric induction apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1703408A (en) * 1920-09-14 1929-02-26 Products Prot Corp Transformer
US1670697A (en) * 1926-04-06 1928-05-22 Gen Electric Electrical apparatus
GB377477A (en) * 1930-09-01 1932-07-28 Konrad Taeuber Improvements in automatic controlling devices for oil-cooled electric apparatus
US2280625A (en) * 1939-07-28 1942-04-21 Gen Electric Transformer
US2331106A (en) * 1942-06-09 1943-10-05 Gen Electric Electric induction apparatus

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2629832A (en) * 1950-06-28 1953-02-24 Gen Electric Voltage measurement
US3173114A (en) * 1962-01-17 1965-03-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrical inductive apparatus
US3223890A (en) * 1963-09-30 1965-12-14 Gen Electric Electric protective equipment
US3396339A (en) * 1963-11-29 1968-08-06 Varian Associates Capacitive voltage sensing device including coaxially disposed conductive tubes and electrical discharge inhibition means
EP0038284A1 (en) * 1980-03-27 1981-10-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Inductive voltage transformer, with gas or fluid insulation
EP0037796B1 (en) * 1980-03-27 1984-02-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Current transformer having fluid insulant
US4935693A (en) * 1987-10-14 1990-06-19 Square D Company Line secured current and voltage sensing apparatus
US5252913A (en) * 1987-10-14 1993-10-12 Square D Company Line sensor with corona shield
US5391835A (en) * 1991-11-07 1995-02-21 Bba Canada Limited Explosion resistant, oil insulated, current transformer
EP0600233A1 (en) * 1992-11-30 1994-06-08 Kommanditgesellschaft Ritz Messwandler GmbH & Co. Leadthrough with special electrode supports in particular for high voltage

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