US2500140A - Sensitive photographic materials - Google Patents

Sensitive photographic materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US2500140A
US2500140A US732934A US73293447A US2500140A US 2500140 A US2500140 A US 2500140A US 732934 A US732934 A US 732934A US 73293447 A US73293447 A US 73293447A US 2500140 A US2500140 A US 2500140A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
emulsion
grams
silver
solution
emulsions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US732934A
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English (en)
Inventor
Eric F Teal
Edward P Davey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2500140A publication Critical patent/US2500140A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/485—Direct positive emulsions
    • G03C1/48515—Direct positive emulsions prefogged

Definitions

  • Ihis invention relates to sensitive photographic materials, and to sensitive silver halide developing-out emulsions, as contrasted with printingout emulsions.
  • Developing-out emulsions can to-day be broad- 5 the following reducing. agents, arsenites, Stall-1 l-y divided into two classes, namely (1) those nites, phosphites, metaphosphites, hypophoswhich give a strong negative image from more phites, antimonites, hyposulphites and germadevelopment, that is to say, upon development nites.
  • Alkali or ammonium salts are especially the silver salt darkens most in those places, where advantageous. These compounds reduce an amthe most light fell during the imagewise expol0 moniacal solution of silver nitrate to silver, at sure, and (2) those which give a strong positive least when the solutionis warmed.
  • the emulsion may comprise silver bromo-iodide.
  • the silver salt darkens most which is formed by adding a soluticnof: silver in those places where the least light fell during nitrate to a solution of. a soluble bromide and the image-wise exposure.
  • a soluble iodide in which case, the said reduc
  • the present invention is directed to the manuing agent may be incorporated'in the last menfacture of emulsions of the latter class, which tioned solution. are known as direct positive emulsions.
  • Emulsions which have been ripened by treatemulsions may be coated on films, plates, papers ment with ammonia are preferred; although nonor tracing cloth or the like. ammoniaoal emulsions will give a fair result. We.
  • Emulsions of both classes (1) and (2) are preferably employ silver bromo-iodide emulsions made with similar ingredients which are usually containing up to 20% of silver iodide based on compounded by much the same technique, except the total weight of silver bromide and iodide, but that for class (2) the emulsion is given an addiemulsions in which the only silver halide is silver tional treatment.
  • bromide can be used. Digestion of the emulsion nearly all developing-out emulsions of class (1) (i. e. after washing) may be desirable in some will tend to give a positive upon development if cases. However, the emulsion may; be coated the image-wise exposure is long enough.
  • hyposulphites give very good results with clean agents containing elements selected from groups whites in some cases, for example, sodium hypo- IV, V and VI of the periodic table.
  • s-ulphite, NazS2O4.2H2 O. (0.016 gram).
  • Sulphites The present invention is based on the discovery 55, have insuflicient, reducing power.
  • the above-mentioned antimonite was prepared specially by dissolving antimonous oxide in caustic soda.
  • the stannite was prepared by adding caustic soda to stannous chloride solution (SnClz), until the precipitate first formed was redissolved and using the solution so obtained.
  • the emulsion so made may also be chemically fogged or light fogged.
  • any known chemical fogging agent can be used but some cause dirty whites: the chemical fogging agent is preferably added before the end of the ripening step. Good results have been obtained using hydrazine formaldehyde, hydroxylamine or excess of silver nitrate. Mere extra digestion of the emulsion or extra digestion with sulphur sensitizers such as sodium thiosulphate can be used for this purpose.
  • ammoniacal type for example:
  • the reducing agent may be any one of the following, the quantity at being as indicated.
  • Solution B Silver nitrate grams 195 Water to cc 400 To solution B at room temperature add slowly with stirring in the usual way, sufiicient ammonia solution (0.880 sp. gr.) until the precipitate first formed is just redissolved and raise the temperature of the mixture to 65 C. Now add solution B to solution A at 65 C. taking a few minutes to efiect this. Ripen the emulsion for 30 minutes at 65 C. Then add 200 grams of gelatin. Then ripen a further 15 minutes at 65 C. Then allow the emulsion to cool and set and wash in the: usual manner, until the emulsion has a pH of 7.2. Melt the emulsion and add 50 cos. of 20% solution.
  • the emulsions made according to the present invention may be sensitized with sensitizing dyes especially mere-cyanines and cyanines and in. this case the amount of dye may be advantageously greater than the optimum quantity of dye relative to the usual amounts used for sensitizing purposes, as described in United States Patent No. 2,184,013, it being not essential to add a developing agent as therein given.
  • a developing agent such as hydroquinone can be incorporated in the emulsion so 4 that after exposure of the emulsion it can be developed merely by immersion in an alkaline solution.
  • alkaline hydroquinone development or other tanning developer will tan the emulsion imagewise, in which case the untanned portions can be washed off immediately after development or at a later stage.
  • a typical developer which may be used for developing emulsions made according to the present invention is as follows:
  • the method of making a direct positive developing out silver salt emulsion which comprises forming the sensitive silver salt in the presence of an amount of a reducing agent of the class consisting of about 3.1 grams of an arsenite, about 0.008 gram of a sta-nnite, from 0.8 to 2.36 grams of a phosphite, about 1.6 grams of an antimonite and about 0.016 gram of a hyposulphite, each per grams of silver in the emulsion.
  • a reducing agent of the class consisting of about 3.1 grams of an arsenite, about 0.008 gram of a sta-nnite, from 0.8 to 2.36 grams of a phosphite, about 1.6 grams of an antimonite and about 0.016 gram of a hyposulphite, each per grams of silver in the emulsion.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US732934A 1946-04-01 1947-03-06 Sensitive photographic materials Expired - Lifetime US2500140A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB10022/46A GB626053A (en) 1946-04-01 1946-04-01 Improvements in sensitive photographic materials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2500140A true US2500140A (en) 1950-03-07

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US732934A Expired - Lifetime US2500140A (en) 1946-04-01 1947-03-06 Sensitive photographic materials

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US (1) US2500140A (en))
BE (1) BE476292A (en))
FR (1) FR953646A (en))
GB (1) GB626053A (en))

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3816135A (en) * 1972-03-30 1974-06-11 Du Pont Direct positive silver halide emulsions through synergistic effects of fogging agents and organic reducing agents and/or their oxidized forms
USRE29974E (en) * 1965-04-15 1979-04-24 Eastman Kodak Company Silver salt direct positive emulsion
US4287296A (en) * 1972-12-23 1981-09-01 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Direct-positive emulsion containing fogged, silver halide grains of silver iodide content

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2717833A (en) * 1952-05-12 1955-09-13 Sperry Rand Corp Direct positive emulsions
DE2224837C3 (de) * 1972-05-20 1986-05-07 Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Direktpositives photographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB462730A (en)) *
US2005837A (en) * 1931-07-07 1935-06-25 Agfa Ansco Corp Manufacture of photographic emulsions

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB462730A (en)) *
US2005837A (en) * 1931-07-07 1935-06-25 Agfa Ansco Corp Manufacture of photographic emulsions

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE29974E (en) * 1965-04-15 1979-04-24 Eastman Kodak Company Silver salt direct positive emulsion
US3816135A (en) * 1972-03-30 1974-06-11 Du Pont Direct positive silver halide emulsions through synergistic effects of fogging agents and organic reducing agents and/or their oxidized forms
US4287296A (en) * 1972-12-23 1981-09-01 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Direct-positive emulsion containing fogged, silver halide grains of silver iodide content

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB626053A (en) 1949-07-08
FR953646A (fr) 1949-12-09
BE476292A (en))

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