US2500097A - Exothermic composition for controlling the fluidity of castings - Google Patents
Exothermic composition for controlling the fluidity of castings Download PDFInfo
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- US2500097A US2500097A US779830A US77983047A US2500097A US 2500097 A US2500097 A US 2500097A US 779830 A US779830 A US 779830A US 77983047 A US77983047 A US 77983047A US 2500097 A US2500097 A US 2500097A
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- metal
- casting
- fluidity
- exothermically reactive
- aluminum
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 11
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 208000015943 Coeliac disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229940095626 calcium fluoride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 3
- BFXAWOHHDUIALU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hydron;difluoride Chemical compound F.[F-].[Na+] BFXAWOHHDUIALU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MPDDQFGQTCEFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].[Ca] Chemical compound [F].[Ca] MPDDQFGQTCEFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
Definitions
- This invention relates to the method of casting metal bodies and more particularly to the use of exothermically reactive material in regions of the cast body or molten metal forming such bodies to retain a controlled fluidity during the setting or freezing of the metal whereby to eliminate fissures,- piping and other defects ordinarily resulting from shrinkage during the solidiflcation of cast metal bodies.
- Another object of the invention is to minimize the amount of metal employed in sinkheads or feeders utilized in the casting of metal bodies and to facilitate the removal of such sinkheads from the finished castings.
- the invention consists in the use of an exothermically reactive material which is inserted in selected regions of the mold or sand flask where a controlled heating of the metal is required to prolong 'its fluidity.
- the exothermically reactive materials are of a nature to be built into the sand flask or inserted in permanent molds, having the properties of keeping the metal free from contamination resulting from the use of common exothermic materials such as carbon or other burnable materials, and which has the pr p y of l vin a self-sustaining refractory residue after it has performed its function which is not dispersed in the body of the metal during the casting operation.
- the exothermically reactive material preferably consists of a, composition that generates heat through oxidation of a metal or metals by means of one or more oxides modified to control the rate of heat release.
- a composition may consist of metallic powders chosen from the second and third periodic groups such as magnesium metal and aluminum metal compounded with aluminum oxide, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ferric oxide, ferrous oxide, sodium oxide, potassium fluoride, aluminum fluoride.
- a suitable binder such as silicate of soda, or a cereal or other binder, such as dextrines, resins, plastics, molasses, etc.
- Fig. 1 is a top plan view diagrammatically illustrating a sand flask for pouring castings embodying the principles of this invention
- Fig. 2 a vertical cross-sectional view of the flask shown in Fig. 1 ready for pouring;
- Fig. 3 a vertical cross-sectional view of a finished casting poured in the flask of Figs. 1 and 2;
- Fig. 4 a vertical cross-sectional view of a modified form of flask and casting adapting the invention to metal founding;
- Fig. 5 a vertical section of still another modified form of flask and casting
- FIG. 6 a vertical cross-sectional view of an ingot pouring mold and sinkhead or hot top
- Fig. '7 a similar View of a modified form of ingot casting mold and hot top.
- the numeral 1 designates a frame or flask for retaining sand 2 in which a matrix 3 of the shape of a casting is formed in the conventional manner, the matrix portion being connected by a gate 4 to a sprue 5 through which the metal is poured.
- a riser portion 6 is provided for feeding metal to the matrix 3 which, after the casting has solidified, is removed as croppage.
- the riser is connected by passages l and la with the matrix portion 3, the passages I, la being formed as perforations in discs 8, 8a, that are constituted of an exothermically reactive composition which functions to keep the metal in the passages 1, la fluid so that the sinkhead metal is fed to the casting in the matrix 3 during the solidification of the latter.
- the exothermic material 8, 8a is, on its upper face, exposed to the metal of the sinkhead 6/ and may similarly be exposed to the metal in the matrix 3, but as shown in Fig. 2 it may be insulated from the metal in the matrix by a thin layer 9 of sand or other refractory material.
- the exothermically reactive rings 8, Ba permit of the employment of a very small flow passage 1, la so that after the casting has solidified the riser may be removed'by simply knocking it oif the casting, the break-off occurring at the thin portions of the metal in passages I, la.
- the same exothermically reactive material as is employed in the rings 8, 8a may be utilized as a thin layer or preformed section In at the gate 4 to maintain the metal at the gate in a highly fluid state while flowing from the sprue 5 into the matrix cavity 3.
- the finishedcasting, consisting of the cast body 3a, the small sprues lb and 1c, and the riser 6a, the gate metal 4a. and the sprue 5a is shown in Fig. 3.
- the volume of the sinkhead metal 6a is reduced to a minimum since it is not required to be of a mass to itself retain a high degree of fluidity during the feeding of the metal to the casting, this being the function of the exothermically reactive materials 8, 8a which retain a controlled fluidity for a suflicicnt period of time to allow full feeding of the metal.
- the rings 8, 8a retain their shape in the form of self-sustaining burnt out refractory bodies which act as molds in retaining the shape of the flow passages I, la during the feeding of the riser metal to the casting.
- Fig. 4 the casting I2 is poured, having an offset l3 of substantially lesser cross-sectional area than the remainder of the casting.
- Apreformed' perforated disc I4 of exothermically reactive material is again employed between the riser l5 and the casing 12 for the same purpose of maintainthe ring the shape of a relatively thin wall member or spider 22 having a boss or neck 23.
- the matrix is provided with pouring gates 24 and 25 connected with a sprue 26 and a riser chamber 21 is provided which is separated from the matrix by an exothermic disc 28 having a flow passage 29 therein.
- the casting is poured in the usual manner through the sprue 26 and then into the riser 21.
- the feeding metal is retained in a controlled fluid state by the exothermically reactive mate- 5 rial 28 whil feeding through the relatively naring a fluid feed passage [6 through which the I also modified by row passage 29.
- having a flange 32 that rests on an ingot mold 33, the hot top having a curved inner wall 34 and a narrow opening 35.
- the entire hot top is lined with exothermic material 36 to retain the sinkhead metal in the hot top chamber in a controlled fluid state for feeding to the body of the ingot to eliminat piping therein.
- a refractory liner 3'! may be employed between the hot top and ingot mold if desired.
- FIG. '7 Another form of adaptation of the exothermically reactive material in the pouring of ingots is shown in Fig. '7 wherein the numeral 38 designates the ingotmold, 40 the hot top which has a wide open mouth M into which the metal is poured.
- the hot top is provided with a throat 42 to provide a constricted opening 43 through which the metal feeds to the ingot.
- the hot top is further provided with a recess 44 for receiving an insert 45 of exothermically reactive material which is preformed and inserted therein.
- the inner wall of the hot top 40 may be provided with a refractory lining 46 and a similar refractory material 41 may be disposed between the flanged bottom of the hot top and the upper face of the ingot mold as shown.
- the metal in the hot top is retained in a controlled fluid state to permit the escape of gases from the ingot body and produce a sound casting free of piping at the center top of the ingot.
- the metal in the constricted flow passage is retained in a controlled fluid state to permit feeding to the ingot.
- a minimum amount of sinkhead metal is needed resulting in a minimum amount of croppage which is. a substantial saving in the total tonnage of steel poured for ingot yield.
- An exothermically reactive material for use as an insert in a casting mold for prolonging the .30 fluidity of sections of the cast metal comprising a preformed body of exothermically reactive material containing aluminum oxide, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ferric oxide, sodium oxide, calcium fluoride, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, 53 aluminum metal, magnesium metal, compounded with a suitable binder, in the following proportions:
- Percent Aluminum oxide 40-90 Potassium nitrate 1-4 Sodium nitrate 1 /2-5 Ferric mrirln 2-6 Ferrous mzirle 2-6 Sqdium mrirln 0.10-10 Calcium fluoride 0.10-10 Potassium fluoride 2-12 Aluminum fluoride 0.10-12 Titanium dioxide 0.10-10 Silicon xide 0.10-10 Ammonium nitrate 0.10-10 Sodium fluoride 0.10-12 Sodium bifluoride 0.10-12 Aluminum metale .5-50
Description
P. J. SOFFEL March 7, 1950 EXOTHERMIC THE COMPOSITION FOR CONTROLLING FLUIDITY OF CASTINGS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 14, 1947 uvvrok. Qua 5. 5 BY P. J. COMPOS FLU SOFFEL 2,500,097 mom FOR CONTROLLING IDITY 0F CASTINGS March 7, 1950 EXOTl-IERIIC THE 2 Shee'ts-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. @Q 5% BY Filed Oct. 14, 1947 Patented 1 EXOTHERMIC COMPOSITION FOR CON- TROLLING THE FLUIDITY OF CASTINGS Peter J. Soflfcl, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Application October 14, 1947, Serial No. 779,830
3 Claims.
This invention relates to the method of casting metal bodies and more particularly to the use of exothermically reactive material in regions of the cast body or molten metal forming such bodies to retain a controlled fluidity during the setting or freezing of the metal whereby to eliminate fissures,- piping and other defects ordinarily resulting from shrinkage during the solidiflcation of cast metal bodies.
Another object of the invention is to minimize the amount of metal employed in sinkheads or feeders utilized in the casting of metal bodies and to facilitate the removal of such sinkheads from the finished castings.
It is still another object of the invention to produce more dense grain structures and higher tensile strength in castings through prolonging fluidity oi the feeding heads of the castings.
The instant application is a continuation-inpart of certain applications heretofore filed by me, Serial No. 595,823, filed May 25, 1945, entitled Method of and apparatus for casting ingots; Serial No. 595,824, filed May 25, 1945, entitled Method of and apparatus for pouring castings; and Serial No. 595,825, filed May 25, 1945, entitled Prefabricated self-sustaining thermit-active bodies, the subjects matter of which are combined and embodied in the present application. All the above named applications are now abandoned.
It is well known in metal founding that shrinkage separates the metal of the casting from the riser or sinkhead unless the riser is maintained sufficiently fluid to feed metal to compensate for such shrinkage. On this account it has been conventional practice to employ an excessive volume of metal in the riser to maintain fluidity during feeding, which excess in some cases is equal to or even exceeds the mass of metal in the casting. By means of the present invention the volume of the feeding metal or riser is reduced to a minimum, is readily removed after the casting has solidified, and insures a sound, dense castingfree of fissures, piping or other defects.
Briefly, the invention consists in the use of an exothermically reactive material which is inserted in selected regions of the mold or sand flask where a controlled heating of the metal is required to prolong 'its fluidity. The exothermically reactive materials are of a nature to be built into the sand flask or inserted in permanent molds, having the properties of keeping the metal free from contamination resulting from the use of common exothermic materials such as carbon or other burnable materials, and which has the pr p y of l vin a self-sustaining refractory residue after it has performed its function which is not dispersed in the body of the metal during the casting operation.
The exothermically reactive material preferably consists of a, composition that generates heat through oxidation of a metal or metals by means of one or more oxides modified to control the rate of heat release. Such a composition may consist of metallic powders chosen from the second and third periodic groups such as magnesium metal and aluminum metal compounded with aluminum oxide, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ferric oxide, ferrous oxide, sodium oxide, potassium fluoride, aluminum fluoride. calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride, sodium bifluoride, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum metal, magnesium metal, and a suitable binder such as silicate of soda, or a cereal or other binder, such as dextrines, resins, plastics, molasses, etc., which lends to the composition the characteristic of being shaped in ring form or otherwise for use as an insert in a sand flask or mold.
The various forms in which the exothermically reactive material may be employed in practicing the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, constituting a part hereof, in
which like reference characters designate like parts, and in which:
Fig. 1 is a top plan view diagrammatically illustrating a sand flask for pouring castings embodying the principles of this invention;
Fig. 2 a vertical cross-sectional view of the flask shown in Fig. 1 ready for pouring;
Fig. 3 a vertical cross-sectional view of a finished casting poured in the flask of Figs. 1 and 2;
Fig. 4 a vertical cross-sectional view of a modified form of flask and casting adapting the invention to metal founding;
Fig. 5 a vertical section of still another modified form of flask and casting;
'Fig. 6 a vertical cross-sectional view of an ingot pouring mold and sinkhead or hot top; and
Fig. '7 a similar View of a modified form of ingot casting mold and hot top.
With reference to Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive of the drawings, the numeral 1 designates a frame or flask for retaining sand 2 in which a matrix 3 of the shape of a casting is formed in the conventional manner, the matrix portion being connected by a gate 4 to a sprue 5 through which the metal is poured. As is conventional practice a riser portion 6 is provided for feeding metal to the matrix 3 which, after the casting has solidified, is removed as croppage. In accordance with the present invention the riser is connected by passages l and la with the matrix portion 3, the passages I, la being formed as perforations in discs 8, 8a, that are constituted of an exothermically reactive composition which functions to keep the metal in the passages 1, la fluid so that the sinkhead metal is fed to the casting in the matrix 3 during the solidification of the latter. The exothermic material 8, 8a is, on its upper face, exposed to the metal of the sinkhead 6/ and may similarly be exposed to the metal in the matrix 3, but as shown in Fig. 2 it may be insulated from the metal in the matrix by a thin layer 9 of sand or other refractory material. The exothermically reactive rings 8, Ba permit of the employment of a very small flow passage 1, la so that after the casting has solidified the riser may be removed'by simply knocking it oif the casting, the break-off occurring at the thin portions of the metal in passages I, la.
The same exothermically reactive material as is employed in the rings 8, 8a may be utilized as a thin layer or preformed section In at the gate 4 to maintain the metal at the gate in a highly fluid state while flowing from the sprue 5 into the matrix cavity 3. The finishedcasting, consisting of the cast body 3a, the small sprues lb and 1c, and the riser 6a, the gate metal 4a. and the sprue 5a is shown in Fig. 3. Because of the use .of the exothermically reactive material the volume of the sinkhead metal 6a is reduced to a minimum since it is not required to be of a mass to itself retain a high degree of fluidity during the feeding of the metal to the casting, this being the function of the exothermically reactive materials 8, 8a which retain a controlled fluidity for a suflicicnt period of time to allow full feeding of the metal. After the reaction of the exothermically reactive material takes place the rings 8, 8a retain their shape in the form of self-sustaining burnt out refractory bodies which act as molds in retaining the shape of the flow passages I, la during the feeding of the riser metal to the casting.
In Fig. 4 the casting I2 is poured, having an offset l3 of substantially lesser cross-sectional area than the remainder of the casting. Apreformed' perforated disc I4 of exothermically reactive material is again employed between the riser l5 and the casing 12 for the same purpose of maintainthe ring the shape of a relatively thin wall member or spider 22 having a boss or neck 23. The matrix is provided with pouring gates 24 and 25 connected with a sprue 26 and a riser chamber 21 is provided which is separated from the matrix by an exothermic disc 28 having a flow passage 29 therein. The casting is poured in the usual manner through the sprue 26 and then into the riser 21. The feeding metal is retained in a controlled fluid state by the exothermically reactive mate- 5 rial 28 whil feeding through the relatively naring a fluid feed passage [6 through which the I also modified by row passage 29.
In Fig. 6 of the drawings the exothermically reactive material is employed in a hot top 3| having a flange 32 that rests on an ingot mold 33, the hot top having a curved inner wall 34 and a narrow opening 35. The entire hot top is lined with exothermic material 36 to retain the sinkhead metal in the hot top chamber in a controlled fluid state for feeding to the body of the ingot to eliminat piping therein. A refractory liner 3'! may be employed between the hot top and ingot mold if desired.
Another form of adaptation of the exothermically reactive material in the pouring of ingots is shown in Fig. '7 wherein the numeral 38 designates the ingotmold, 40 the hot top which has a wide open mouth M into which the metal is poured. The hot top is provided with a throat 42 to provide a constricted opening 43 through which the metal feeds to the ingot. The hot top is further provided with a recess 44 for receiving an insert 45 of exothermically reactive material which is preformed and inserted therein.
The inner wall of the hot top 40 may be provided with a refractory lining 46 and a similar refractory material 41 may be disposed between the flanged bottom of the hot top and the upper face of the ingot mold as shown.
In th pouring of the ingots the metal in the hot top is retained in a controlled fluid state to permit the escape of gases from the ingot body and produce a sound casting free of piping at the center top of the ingot. In the form shown in Fig. 7 the metal in the constricted flow passage is retained in a controlled fluid state to permit feeding to the ingot. In both forms of hot tops of Figs. 6 and 7, a minimum amount of sinkhead metal is needed resulting in a minimum amount of croppage which is. a substantial saving in the total tonnage of steel poured for ingot yield.
The general typical reaction of the exothermically reactive material is as follows:
FezOa--3M 3MgO-2Fe-heat I have found the following proportions of the composition to produce exothermic reactions suitable for maintaining controlled fluidity to retard solidification during the feeding or shrinkage of the metal when employed in the various Percent Aluminum oxide 40-90 Potassium nitrate 1- 4 Sodium nitrate 1 /2- 5 The preferred composition is in the following proportions:
The aluminum oxide forms a refractory matrix and is an insulator retaining the heat generated. The fluoride promotes fluxing and thinning of the slag present in the molten metal, also increasing fluidity of the metal and causing the slag and oxides to separate and rise to the top of the metal. The fluorides form oxyfluorides which deoxidize the metal coming in contact with the exothermically reactive material. The nitrate combines with the aluminum metal in the beginning and acts as a fuse to start the reaction of aluminum and ferric oxide and combine with. aluminum oxide generating heat of substantially 3500 F., leaving a refractory shape to substantially the size of the original inserts, such as 8, I4, 20 and 45, after the reaction. The product of the reaction does not disintegrate to an ash but remains as an insulator or partition and does not burn into the metal or contribute any impurities or contamination, such as carbon or aluminum, to the metal.
While certain specific metals chosen from the second and third periodic groups, such as magnesium and aluminum metals, have been designated as suitable for the reaction, it is evident that other metals and fluorides of the designated groups may be employed.
The foregoing composition is not to be confused with Thermit, which does not burn out to a self-sustaining refractory residue. Thermit furthermore contaminates sand which cannot be reused, whereas the residue of the composition of the exothermically reactive material herein disclosed is more refractory than sand and does not contaminate it. Also, the exothermically reactive composition herein disclosed differs from carbon or wood which require oxygen from the atmosphere or other outside source because the compound contains its own oxygen as hereinbefore described.
Although several embodiments of the invention have been herein illustrated and described,
- it will be evident to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made in the shapes and applications of the exothermically reactive material in metal founding without departing from the principles hereof. It is also apparent that the ingredients of the composition may be varied in proportions, some of the elements may be omitted, or others substituted therefor.
L'An exothermically reactive material for use as an insert in a casting mold for prolonging the fluidity of sections of the cast metal comprising a preformed body of exothermically reactive material containing aluminum oxide, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ferric oxide, ferrous oxide, sodium oxide, calcium fluoride, potassium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, ammonium nitrate, sodium fluoride, sodium bifluoride, aluminum metal, magnesium metal, compounded with a suitable binder, in the following proportions:
Percent Aluminum oxide 4090 Potassium nitrate 1- 4 Sodium nitrate 1% 5 Ferric oxide 2- 6 Ferrous oxide 2- 6 Sodium oxide 0.10-10 Calcium-fluoride 0.10-10 Potassium fluoride 2-12 Aluminum fluoride 0.10-12 Titanium dioxide 0.1010 4" Silicon dioxide 0.10-10 Ammonium nitrate 0.10-10 Sodium fluoride 0.10-12 Sodium bifluoride 0.10-12 Aluminum metal .5- 4.) Magnesium metal 0.10-10 Suitable cereal binderv 4 -10 2. An exothermically reactive material for use as an insert in a casting mold for prolonging the .30 fluidity of sections of the cast metal comprising a preformed body of exothermically reactive material containing aluminum oxide, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ferric oxide, sodium oxide, calcium fluoride, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, 53 aluminum metal, magnesium metal, compounded with a suitable binder, in the following proportions:
Percent Aluminum oxide 76.43 Potassium nitrate 2.09
sodium nitrate 3.95 Ferric nxide 4.43 Sodium oxide 0.32 Calcium fluor 0.68 Titanium dioxide 0.36 Silicon dioxide 0.48 Aluminum metal 2.34
Magnesium metal 0.64 Cereal binder 8.23
3. A fluidizer for maintaining localized fluidity of molten metal comprising an exothermically reactive composition of metallic powders includcommon exothermic ma ials, such as coke, coal, 7: ing aluminum and magnesium compounded with 7 other compounds in the following proportions by weight:
Percent Aluminum oxide 40-90 Potassium nitrate 1-4 Sodium nitrate 1 /2-5 Ferric mrirln 2-6 Ferrous mzirle 2-6 Sqdium mrirln 0.10-10 Calcium fluoride 0.10-10 Potassium fluoride 2-12 Aluminum fluoride 0.10-12 Titanium dioxide 0.10-10 Silicon xide 0.10-10 Ammonium nitrate 0.10-10 Sodium fluoride 0.10-12 Sodium bifluoride 0.10-12 Aluminum metale .5-50
PETER J. SOFFEL.
* 8 REFERENCES arm!) The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
5 STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,235,744 Washburn Aug. '1, 1917 2,142,031 Lorange Dec. 2'7, 1938 2,282,175 Emerson May 5, 1942 2,294,169. Francis Aug. 25, 1942,
2,295,227 Mackett Sept. 8, 1942 2,334,701 Galvin -1 Nov. 23, 1943 2,390,500 Charman Dec. 11.1945 15 2,426,849 Udy Sept. 2, 194':
FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 152,399 GreatBritain Oct. 11, 1920 532,243 Great Britain Jan. 21, 1941
Claims (1)
- 3. A FLUIDIZER FOR MAINTAINING LOCALIZED FLUIDITY OF MOLTEN METAL COMPRISING AN EXOTHERMICALLY REACTIVE COMPOSITION OF METALLIC POWDERS INCLUDING ALUMINUM AND MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDED WITH OTHER COMPOUNDS IN THE FOLLOWING PROPORTIONS BY WEIGHT:
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US779830A US2500097A (en) | 1947-10-14 | 1947-10-14 | Exothermic composition for controlling the fluidity of castings |
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US779830A US2500097A (en) | 1947-10-14 | 1947-10-14 | Exothermic composition for controlling the fluidity of castings |
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US2500097A true US2500097A (en) | 1950-03-07 |
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US779830A Expired - Lifetime US2500097A (en) | 1947-10-14 | 1947-10-14 | Exothermic composition for controlling the fluidity of castings |
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Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2751646A (en) * | 1953-01-29 | 1956-06-26 | Oscar H Mann | Cutter head for metal-casting molds |
US2819501A (en) * | 1950-10-13 | 1958-01-14 | Griffin Wheel Co | Wheel mold |
US2843897A (en) * | 1952-10-16 | 1958-07-22 | Nat Lead Co | Mold for the casting of non-ferrous alloys |
US3074828A (en) * | 1960-02-01 | 1963-01-22 | Mcdonnell Aircraft Corp | Exothermic heated metal for heat treating and forming |
US3103719A (en) * | 1961-03-29 | 1963-09-17 | Exomet | Exothermic welding apparatus |
US3118275A (en) * | 1964-01-21 | Solid psopeixant composition and meth- | ||
US3192080A (en) * | 1962-05-03 | 1965-06-29 | Kemwell A G | Heat treatment of welds |
US3273211A (en) * | 1963-11-29 | 1966-09-20 | Archer Daniels Midland Co | Process of molding exothermic compositions |
US3326273A (en) * | 1965-12-28 | 1967-06-20 | Foseco Int | Exothermic hot top |
US3662809A (en) * | 1968-10-03 | 1972-05-16 | John Ernest Gotheridge | Method of producing metal castings by using insulating pads in the mold |
US3779742A (en) * | 1969-12-04 | 1973-12-18 | Didier Werke Ag | Method of remelting a frozen metal plug in the ceramic nozzle of a metallurgical vessel |
DE3122597A1 (en) * | 1981-06-06 | 1982-12-23 | Mannesmann Rexroth GmbH, 8770 Lohr | "FOOD FOR A CAST PIECE" |
US4402774A (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-09-06 | Hi-Shear Corporation | Pyrotechnic composition |
DE3445209A1 (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1986-06-12 | Gebrüder Lüngen GmbH & Co KG, 4006 Erkrath | EXTERNAL HEATING MASSAGE FOR CASTING PIECES |
FR2821773A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2002-09-13 | Howmet Res Corp | PRECISION MOLDING USING EXOTHERMIC MATERIAL |
US6972059B1 (en) * | 1999-06-01 | 2005-12-06 | As Lungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Exothermic feeder |
DE202005004499U1 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-07-27 | Foseco Gmbh | Molten metal feed chamber for metal casting assembly has a diverging profile which is the same as that of the casting |
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US2142031A (en) * | 1937-10-22 | 1938-12-27 | Us Vanadium Corp | Process of aluminothermic smelting |
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US2295227A (en) * | 1942-09-08 | Means fob casting metals | ||
US1235744A (en) * | 1912-03-21 | 1917-08-07 | Edwin C Washburn | Casting apparatus. |
GB152399A (en) * | 1919-07-09 | 1920-10-11 | William Bowman Ballantine | Improvements in or relating to the production of chrome iron or chrome steel alloys |
US2142031A (en) * | 1937-10-22 | 1938-12-27 | Us Vanadium Corp | Process of aluminothermic smelting |
GB532243A (en) * | 1939-06-20 | 1941-01-21 | Edward Watkin Wynn | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of steel |
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US2294169A (en) * | 1941-03-25 | 1942-08-25 | Charles B Francis | Casting iron and steel |
US2390500A (en) * | 1942-07-30 | 1945-12-11 | Ferro Eng Co | Low volume sinkhead |
US2334701A (en) * | 1942-12-21 | 1943-11-23 | Ohio Steel Foundry Co | Means for casting metals |
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Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3118275A (en) * | 1964-01-21 | Solid psopeixant composition and meth- | ||
US2819501A (en) * | 1950-10-13 | 1958-01-14 | Griffin Wheel Co | Wheel mold |
US2843897A (en) * | 1952-10-16 | 1958-07-22 | Nat Lead Co | Mold for the casting of non-ferrous alloys |
US2751646A (en) * | 1953-01-29 | 1956-06-26 | Oscar H Mann | Cutter head for metal-casting molds |
US3074828A (en) * | 1960-02-01 | 1963-01-22 | Mcdonnell Aircraft Corp | Exothermic heated metal for heat treating and forming |
US3103719A (en) * | 1961-03-29 | 1963-09-17 | Exomet | Exothermic welding apparatus |
US3192080A (en) * | 1962-05-03 | 1965-06-29 | Kemwell A G | Heat treatment of welds |
US3273211A (en) * | 1963-11-29 | 1966-09-20 | Archer Daniels Midland Co | Process of molding exothermic compositions |
US3326273A (en) * | 1965-12-28 | 1967-06-20 | Foseco Int | Exothermic hot top |
US3662809A (en) * | 1968-10-03 | 1972-05-16 | John Ernest Gotheridge | Method of producing metal castings by using insulating pads in the mold |
US3779742A (en) * | 1969-12-04 | 1973-12-18 | Didier Werke Ag | Method of remelting a frozen metal plug in the ceramic nozzle of a metallurgical vessel |
DE3122597A1 (en) * | 1981-06-06 | 1982-12-23 | Mannesmann Rexroth GmbH, 8770 Lohr | "FOOD FOR A CAST PIECE" |
US4402774A (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-09-06 | Hi-Shear Corporation | Pyrotechnic composition |
DE3445209A1 (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1986-06-12 | Gebrüder Lüngen GmbH & Co KG, 4006 Erkrath | EXTERNAL HEATING MASSAGE FOR CASTING PIECES |
GB2168279B (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1988-06-15 | Rexroth Mannesmann Gmbh | Feeder made from exothermic heating composition for castings |
US6972059B1 (en) * | 1999-06-01 | 2005-12-06 | As Lungen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Exothermic feeder |
FR2821773A1 (en) * | 2001-03-12 | 2002-09-13 | Howmet Res Corp | PRECISION MOLDING USING EXOTHERMIC MATERIAL |
DE202005004499U1 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2006-07-27 | Foseco Gmbh | Molten metal feed chamber for metal casting assembly has a diverging profile which is the same as that of the casting |
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