US250000A - Ditching-machine - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

2 Sheets--Sheet 1. S. 0. ROBINSON.

DITOHING MACHINE.

No. 250,000. Patented NOV. 22,1881.

WITNESSES ATTORNEYS.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

S. O. ROBINSON. DITGHING MAOHINE.

v Patented Nov. 22,1881.

WITNESSES:

IN 1 \TTOR:

ATTORNEYS.

UNITED STATES PATENT Gimme.

SAMUEL O. ROBINSON, OF PEMBERTON, OHIO.

DITCHING- MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 250,000, dated November 22, 1881.

Application filed August 5, 1881.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I. SAMUEL (J. ROBINSON, of Pemberton, in the county of Shelby and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Ditching-Machines; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a side elevation of myimproved ditching mechanism. Fig. 2 is a top view of the same. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical central section, looking toward the front of the machine. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the rear end of the machine, and Figs. 5 and 6 are detail views.

My invention relates to improvements in a ditchingmachine for which LettersPatent were granted to me, dated June 28,1881,No. 243,624; and it consists, first, in entirely inclosing both sides of the ditching-wheel with suitable plates, to prevent the ingress of dirt into the wheel, and dishing said plates from the rim of the ditching-wheel to its center, whereby the thickness of the ditching-wheel is greatest at its rim, and the side plates will not interfere with the sides of the ditch in excavating it.

My invention further consists in certain details of construction, hereinafter more fully set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, a arepresent the wheels for supporting and carrying the ditching mechanism, connected together by an axle, I), having a double crank at its middle, the horizontal part of which passes through opposite holes in the longitudinal sides of the frame 0, to the forward end of which the propelling power is applied. The horizontal part of the axle also passes through central holes in the ditching-wheel.

In lieu of the double-cranked axle described, a straight axle for the supporting-wheels may be employed, and the machine may be held in working position by means of handles (not shown in the drawings,) attached to the upper part of the frame of the machine in rear of the chute.

The ditching-wheel cl, adapted to revolve on the double crank-axle b in the forward movement of the machine, is constructed as follows:

h represents the outer rim or tread of the (No model.)

ditching-wheel, and is provided with a series of transverse slots, 6 6, each adapted for the passage of a spade, and each spade fitting a slot closely.

h h represent inner rims secured to the side plates of the ditching-wheel and concentric with the outer rim and each other. The concentric inner rims, h h, are each provided with a series of holes lying radially opposite each other and the slots 0 c in the outer rim, It. Through each set of opposite holes in the inner rims passes the shank j of a straight spade, 7c, the outer end of the shank being secured to the middle of the lower end of a straight spade, 7c,

which passes through the slot 6 in the outer rim and fits closely in said slot, so that in the back radial movement of a spade by means of devices hereinafter described all dirt that may adhere to the faces of a spade will be removed by the closely-fitting slot 'as the spade passes into it.

I I represent the sides of the ditching-wheel, composed of metallic disks, to which the edges of the outer rim or tread, h, and the edges of the inner rims, h h", are secured, thus entirely closing the sides of the ditching wheel and preventing the earth from collecting in the wheel. Therims ML 71. serve togive strength to the ditching-wheel, and the opposite radial holes in the inner rims furnish a passage for the shanks of the spades back and forth in the wheel, which I will now proceed to describe. The side plates, Z Z, of the ditching-wheel are each provided with radial slots on m, lying opposite each other, each opposite pair of slots being in line with a spade-shank, j, and as many such radial pairs of slots are formed in the side plates as there are spades. The inner end of each spade-shank j is provided 0 inner, side, and is provided with an outerrigid 10o rim, q, and an inner-concentric split rim, r, secured at intervals to the inner face of the cam- The ends 5 box, thus forming a cam-groove, 0, in which the end of the pin a is forced to travel in the forward movement of the ditching-wheel.

t represents a lug secured to the inner face of the cam-box 1) within the inner split rim, 1, and provided with a hole, through which passes a bolt, to, secured at its opposite end to one end of the inner split rim, 1", and encircled by a spiral springm, having one end bearingagainst the lug and its opposite end bearing against the rim. A single spring or a number of springs may be employed at intervals around the inner rim. These springs should be of sufticient strength to press the spade moved back and forth by the cam-grooves into the earth; but if in the revolution of the ditching-wheel a spade should come in contact with a stone or other obstruction,the elasticity of the spring would allow the spade to pass inside the rim of the ditching-wheel, and thus prevent the spade from breaking, and thus allow the ditching-wheel to pass over an obstruction without injury. The metallic disks 1 l, composing the sides of the ditching-wheel and entirely closing them to prevent the ingress of dirt into the wheel, are each dished from near the rim of the ditching-wheel to its center, whereby the thickness of the ditching-wheel is greatest at its rim and least at its center, and the side plates are thus prevented from interfering with the sides of the ditch or binding against them in excavating the ditch. The wheel-frame c and its braces are also similarly inclined toward the center of the wheel or dished so that the frame will be wider at its ends than in the middle, the object of the dishing of the ditching-wheel and the inclination of its frame and side braces inwardly or toward the center of the ditching-wheel beingto allow the ditchingwheel to cut deeper than its semi-diameter, which requires that its frame and the offset part of the axle and braces should pass down into the ditch below the surface of the ground -Without coming in contact with the sides of the ditch, and the frame 0 is made lower at its middle, where the axle passes through it, than at its ends, to allow the wheel to be journalcd lower in the frame and extend down farther into the ditch, whereby a smaller wheel may be employed to attain the same result as a larger one.

To the rear end of the frame 0 of the ditching-machine is secured the upper end of the circular sides a a of the chute w, which is made concentric with the ditching-wheel and wider than the horizontal part of the crankaxle of the ditching-wheel, to allow the latter and its frame 0 and braces to pass into the ditch below the center of the ditching-wheel. The sides a a fit close to the spades k as they revolve, to prevent the earth raised by them from falling back into the ditch. b b represent braces secured to the chute at each side near its lower end and inclined inwardly and attached to the sides of the frame at their upper ends. The lower end of the chute w is sharpened, and preferably made oval to enter the ground.

0 0 represent plates secured to the sides a a, of the chute w, and projecting beyond said sides, and provided with a series of adjusting holes adapted to register with adj ustin g-holes in the flanges of an adjustable-plate, d, forming a continuation of the chute. The upper end of the plate d is provided with a hood, 0, perpendicular to the plate and having its sides inclined in opposite directions and adapted to shed any earth falling upon it and deposit it on either side of the ditch. The plate d and its hood 6 may be adjusted vertically, as desired,by means ofadjusting pins orbolts passed through the different adjusting-holes in the plate 0 and the flanges of the plate (1.

To the upper end of the plate d, below its hood 0, are secured, one on each side, the guards 7L3 h the opposite ends of said guards k h being secured to the cam-boxes p p, attached to the sides of the ditching-wheel. The guards If h are inclined outward from the ditchi n g-wheel and are adapted to receive earth raised by the spades and deposit it outside of the ditch.

'i t" represent arms extending from near the outer ends of the guards, to which they are secured, to an angular scraper, k, fitting close up to the rim of the ditching-wheel, to which the opposite ends of the arms 1" are attached.

I l represent inclined scrapers, secured at their outer ends to the angular scraper k and at their inner ends to the cam-boxes p, and making an acute angle with the sides of the ditching-wheel. The axle I) of the ditchingwheel passes through central holes in the camboxes 12. The grooves 0 in the cam-boxes p are so formed as to extend the spades and retract them within the rim of the ditchingwheel, thus removing all earth from the s'pades as they pass through the slots in the rim.

By this construction it will be seen that the scrapers l l k, the guards h h the cam-boxes p, and the hood 0 are all connected together and can be raised or lowered on the same cen ter upon which the ditching-wheel works, whereby, by adjusting the plate d, the earth need not be raised to an unnecessary height when commencing the ditch, but the plate d can be raised and secured by the bolts or pins passing through the adjusting-holes as the ditch is excavated. As the ditching-wheel revolves the earth elevated to the top of the guards by the combined action of the spades and chute is, as the spade is drawn into the ditching-wheel, carried up the chute by the pressure of the earth and spades below, press ing the earth elevated to the top of the guards upward until it reaches the angular scraper k, scraping the outer rim of the wheel, the spade being drawn in the rim, which angular scraper k bars the further progress upward of the earth and divides it like the double mold-board of a plow, apart of the earth falling on the hood and a part on the guards h k and thence outside of the ditch on each side.

m represents a plate, secured to the outer face of the chute near its point and extending to the rear and adapted to rest on the bottom of the ditch, to prevent the point of the chute from running too deep into the earth, and regulating its movement. a is a brace extending from the rear end of the plate m to the chute w.

I am aware that a ditching-wheel provided with a slotted outer rim and a series of extensible and retractible spades arranged in the slots of the outer rim has heretofore been employed, and I therefore lay no claim to such invention.

I claim as my invention- 1. A ditching-wheel provided with a slotted outer rim, a series of retractible spades, and side plates entirely inclosing both sides of the ditching-wheel, to prevent the ingress of earth, substantially as described.

2. A ditching-whee1, (1, provided with an outer slotted rim, h, a series of retractible spades, 7c, and dished plates 1 l, entirely inclosing both sides of the ditching-wheel, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination, with the ditchingwheel (1, having dished side plates, ll, of the frame 0, having less width at its middle than at its ends, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

at. The combination, with the ditching-wheel (I, having dished side plates, 1 l, of the frame 0, having inclined sides and its ends higher than its middle, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

5. The combinatiomwith the ditching-wheel 01, provided with the side plates, 6, having ra-- dial slots m, of the spade-shanks j, each provided with a pin, a, and cam-boxes 19, each having a cam-groove, 0, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

6. The combination, with thecaln-box 12, provided with the outer rigid rim, q, of the inner concentric split rim, 1", lug t, bolt u, and spring 12, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

7. The combination, with the ditching-wheel d, of the adjustable cam-boxes p, journaled on the axleof the ditching-wheel and scrapers 7c 1, and guards h secured to the cam-boxes, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

8. The combination, with the cam-boxes p, journaled on the axle of the ditching-wheel, of the scrapers k l, and guards 1L3 and adjustable hood e, secured to the cam-boxes, substantially as described, and for thepurpose set forth.

9. The combination. with the chute 20, provided with the adjusting-plates c, of the adj ustable flanged plate d,having hood 6', connected by the guardsh with the adjustable cam-plates 19, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

10. The combination of the chute 20, having the adj ustin g-plates 0, adj ustableflan ged plates d, having hood 0, ditching-wheeld, having extensible and retractible spades, and scrapers kl adapted to remove earth from the wheel and to act as a stop for the raised earth, substantially as described.

SAMUEL O. ROBINSON.

Witnesses:

NEWTON MILLER, J OHN BoBLrr.

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