US2492619A - Electrical discharge tube - Google Patents

Electrical discharge tube Download PDF

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US2492619A
US2492619A US320A US32048A US2492619A US 2492619 A US2492619 A US 2492619A US 320 A US320 A US 320A US 32048 A US32048 A US 32048A US 2492619 A US2492619 A US 2492619A
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Prior art keywords
tube
glass
sealed
metal
wire
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Expired - Lifetime
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US320A
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Casellini Ezio Thomas
Howard B Sloan
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GTE Sylvania Inc
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Sylvania Electric Products Inc
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Priority to US320A priority Critical patent/US2492619A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/20—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressures or temperatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/70—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr
    • H01J61/80—Lamps suitable only for intermittent operation, e.g. flash lamp
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S228/00—Metal fusion bonding
    • Y10S228/904—Wire bonding

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electric gaseous discharge devices and particularly to those suitable tions.
  • Objects of the invention are to produce an inexpensive, compact, emcient discharge device of improved life in flashing service.
  • the device is intended principally for producing intense light flashes or electrical pulses, advantage can be taken of the invention in other types of service.
  • a feature of the invention is a metallic chamber around the cathode and sealed to the glass envelope. Another feature is a cathode of barium in a metallic sleeve, and still another is a cathode conductor and support wire sealed into an end of said metallic chamber. A further feature is a control or starting electrode wrapped around the outside of the discharge envelope. Other features are a. glass outer envelope, a base fitting over one end thereof, and ventilating holes in said base. All these features are not essential to every embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is a cut-away perspective view of a device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a similar view of the electrode at one end of the lamp tube of the device
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of the same electrode before the cathode is treated and the tube sealed;
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view of the cathode.
  • a U-shaped piece of glass tubing I has the lead-in wire 2 sealed therethrough at one end to terminate in the anode 3.
  • a metal tube 4 is sealed to the other end 5 of the glass tubing I, this tube 4 being of a metal capable of being sealed to the type of glass used.
  • the end of tube 4 not sealed to the glass is preferably welded to form an hermetic seal with a piece 6 of tubing, preferably copper or the like, of good electrical and heat conductivity.
  • a piece 6 of tubing preferably copper or the like, of good electrical and heat conductivity.
  • the copper tube 6 is open at its bottom end I, which may be placed in communication with an exhaust system.
  • a length of copper wire 8 extends into tube 6 along one wall and is bent or crimped over to the opposite part of the tube wall It at a point removed from the welded portion II, to form a mechanical or friction support for the wire 8 during the exhaust process.
  • the tube 6 is pressed together at one point, preferably between the bend I2 and for producing intense discharges of short durathe wall I I, to form an hermetic seal in which the wire 8 is firmly held, and the tube Ii cut of! transversely preferably near the middle of this crimped portion, after that portion is welded if desired.
  • Solder may be applied to the finished joint.
  • the cathode I3 may comprise an iron tube I4 sealed at its ends and filled with barium metal IS. A small hole It in the side of the tube permits the barium to difiuse gradually to the outside of the cathode as needed. Some of it may deposit on the inside wall of tube 4 during operation.
  • the anode 3 may be merely a wire, for example an extension of l'ead-inwire 2, if desired. Its size, particularly its cross-sectional area transverse to the tubes longitudinal axis should be proper to give a low anode drop.
  • the tube I may be filled with gas at a pressure suflicient to operate at the desired voltage. Xenon at 40 mm. of mercury pressure is very effective where an intense light of white color is desired. Other gases can be used, and may be more suitable where the tube is used for control purposes rather than for illumination. Mercury vapor may be used, with or without a rare gas, but care should be, taken to prevent the vapor pressure becoming sufflcient to explode the tube.
  • the amount of mercury present in the tube may be kept below the quantity necessary to produce too high a pressure when completely evaporated.
  • the flash may be made shorter than usual if the mercury vapor pressure rises quickly enough from heating by the discharge, to increase the voltage to a value higher than that available from the source to which the electrodes are connected.
  • the tube I may be supported by lead-in wires I1 and 2, attached to chamber 6 and electrode wire 3, respectively, and by the wire l8, wrapped around the outside of glass tube I, to form a control electrode, and in turn connected to lead-in wire I9.
  • Support and lead-in wires I1, 2, and I9 extend respectively, into contact pins 20, 2
  • the base 24 and glass envelope 2'! together form an enclosure for the tube I and its supports. Vent holes 29 are provided in the bottom portion 23 of bases 24, to allow circulation of air for cooling the tube I and its chamber 4, 6.
  • the tube I may get hot enough, in operation, to char paper.
  • the metal chamber 4, 6 aids in cooling tube I 3 andthegastherein. Insomecases,ltmaybe duirable to put a water Jacket around this electrode for further cooling.
  • the electrodes 3 and i 3 may be connected to a source voltage, for example through pins 20 and 21.
  • This voltage is preferably somewhat below the voltage necessary oi. itself to produce a discharge between the electrodes 3 and II, but sumcient to support a discharge once it is started by the application of control voltage to electrode II.
  • the application of a comparatively small energy or voltage to electrode l3 will thus serve to initiate the discharge.
  • the control voltage will ordinarily be applied between cathode l3 and the electrode It.
  • a glass tube of .190 inch outside diameter and 0.11 inch inside diameter bent into a U or .i shape as in Figure 1, and having a length of about 1% inches alon the curve.
  • the tube I of metal scalable to glass was of 0.125 inch diameter and A inch long, while the'copper tubing 0 was of 0.1 inch diameter and inch long in the finished tube.
  • the anode 3 was 0.004 inch in diameter and extended about inch into the gas inside the tube. With a filling of 40 mm. of xenon this tube operated in a range of 300 to 700 volts across the electrodes I 3 and 3, being triggered oil by a voltage of about 2500 to the control electrode it.
  • the tube may be triggered oil in a single flash, or in a succession oi flashes, for example, at a repetitive rate of 500 per second.
  • the peak currents in the tube may be extremely high, with the average power being only about 5 watts.
  • the metal tube 4 sealed thereto may be of Kovar," an alloy of 17% cobalt, 29% nickel, 0.3% manganese and the balance iron.
  • Kovar an alloy of 17% cobalt, 29% nickel, 0.3% manganese and the balance iron.
  • a softer glass will not permit as great an instantaneous power, but if used would require an appropriate metal for sealing. The more transparent the glass is to the entire spectrum produced by the gas the cooler the lass will run.
  • the tube can of course be operated without using the control electrode It, by using a high enough voltage across the other electrodes 3 and I3 and an appropriate ballast.
  • the tube may be operated on the discharge of a condenser, as is customary with flash tubes.
  • the foregoing specific examples are merely by way of explanation and not of limitation.
  • the word glass is used in a broad sense, to include all refractory light-transmitting materials; in the event the tube is used as a control tube, the material need not necessarily be light-transmitting.
  • the tube can be made without the cathode II, and operated as a cold cathode" tube, in which case the voltage required will be much higher and the tube less suitable for a condenser discharge. This drop may be somewhat reduced in 4 thiscasebyeoatingtheinteriorotthchoilow tube 4 with electronemissive material.
  • the tube 4 will act as cathode din-in; operation and as exhaust tube during manuiacture.
  • An electric gaseous discharge lamp comprising a short bent glass tube, a gaseous filling therein, a metal wire anode sealed through and closing one end of said tube, a metal tube sealed at one of its ends to the other end of said glass tube, a second metal tube of better conductivity than the first hermetically attached at one end to the end of said first metal tube extending away from said glass tube, the other end of said second metal tube being sealed, a conducting wire extending from the sealed end of said second metal tube, a hollow metal tube attached to said conducting wire and having an opening in its side, and a filling of barium in said hollow metal tube.
  • An electric gaseous discharge lamp comprising a short glass tube, a gaseous filling therein, a metal anode sealed through and closin one end oi said tube, a metal tube having one of its ends sealed to the other end of said glass tube, the other end of said metal tube being closed, a hollow metal tube disposed entirely in said firstmentioned metal tube and connected thereto, and having an opening in its side, and a filling of barium in said hollow tube.

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  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Description

Dec. 27, 1949 E. T. CASELLINI ET AL ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE TUBE Filed Jan. 2, 1948 Ezio Thomas Cas ellini Howard B.
INVENTORS Sloan W 13km,
ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 27, 1949 2.492.619 mc'rmcscmscmea runs Ed Thomas Caselllnl, seam, and Howard B.
Sloan, Lynn, Mass., assignors to Sylvanla Electrio Products Inc., Salem, Mass., a corporation of Massachusetts Application January 2, 1948, Serial No. 320
Claims. 1 This invention relates to electric gaseous discharge devices and particularly to those suitable tions.
Objects of the invention are to produce an inexpensive, compact, emcient discharge device of improved life in flashing service. Although the device is intended principally for producing intense light flashes or electrical pulses, advantage can be taken of the invention in other types of service.
A feature of the invention is a metallic chamber around the cathode and sealed to the glass envelope. Another feature is a cathode of barium in a metallic sleeve, and still another is a cathode conductor and support wire sealed into an end of said metallic chamber. A further feature is a control or starting electrode wrapped around the outside of the discharge envelope. Other features are a. glass outer envelope, a base fitting over one end thereof, and ventilating holes in said base. All these features are not essential to every embodiment of the invention.
Other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be apparent from the accompanying specification, in which:
Figure 1 is a cut-away perspective view of a device according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a similar view of the electrode at one end of the lamp tube of the device;
Figure 3 is a sectional view of the same electrode before the cathode is treated and the tube sealed; and
Figure 4 is a sectional view of the cathode.
In Figure l, a U-shaped piece of glass tubing I has the lead-in wire 2 sealed therethrough at one end to terminate in the anode 3. A metal tube 4 is sealed to the other end 5 of the glass tubing I, this tube 4 being of a metal capable of being sealed to the type of glass used.
The end of tube 4 not sealed to the glass is preferably welded to form an hermetic seal with a piece 6 of tubing, preferably copper or the like, of good electrical and heat conductivity. Before exhausting the tube l of gases, the copper tube 6 is open at its bottom end I, which may be placed in communication with an exhaust system.
A length of copper wire 8 extends into tube 6 along one wall and is bent or crimped over to the opposite part of the tube wall It at a point removed from the welded portion II, to form a mechanical or friction support for the wire 8 during the exhaust process. After the exhaust procedure is completed the tube 6 is pressed together at one point, preferably between the bend I2 and for producing intense discharges of short durathe wall I I, to form an hermetic seal in which the wire 8 is firmly held, and the tube Ii cut of! transversely preferably near the middle of this crimped portion, after that portion is welded if desired. Solder may be applied to the finished joint.
The cathode I3 may comprise an iron tube I4 sealed at its ends and filled with barium metal IS. A small hole It in the side of the tube permits the barium to difiuse gradually to the outside of the cathode as needed. Some of it may deposit on the inside wall of tube 4 during operation.
The anode 3 may be merely a wire, for example an extension of l'ead-inwire 2, if desired. Its size, particularly its cross-sectional area transverse to the tubes longitudinal axis should be proper to give a low anode drop. The tube I may be filled with gas at a pressure suflicient to operate at the desired voltage. Xenon at 40 mm. of mercury pressure is very effective where an intense light of white color is desired. Other gases can be used, and may be more suitable where the tube is used for control purposes rather than for illumination. Mercury vapor may be used, with or without a rare gas, but care should be, taken to prevent the vapor pressure becoming sufflcient to explode the tube. If desired, the amount of mercury present in the tube may be kept below the quantity necessary to produce too high a pressure when completely evaporated. When mercury vapor is used, the flash may be made shorter than usual if the mercury vapor pressure rises quickly enough from heating by the discharge, to increase the voltage to a value higher than that available from the source to which the electrodes are connected.
The tube I may be supported by lead-in wires I1 and 2, attached to chamber 6 and electrode wire 3, respectively, and by the wire l8, wrapped around the outside of glass tube I, to form a control electrode, and in turn connected to lead-in wire I9. Support and lead-in wires I1, 2, and I9 extend respectively, into contact pins 20, 2|, 22, afllxed firmly to the insulating bottom 23 of base 24, whose cylindrical side-wall 25 flts around the tubular portion 25 of glass envelope 21, which may have a rounded top 28. The base 24 and glass envelope 2'! together form an enclosure for the tube I and its supports. Vent holes 29 are provided in the bottom portion 23 of bases 24, to allow circulation of air for cooling the tube I and its chamber 4, 6. The tube I may get hot enough, in operation, to char paper.
The metal chamber 4, 6 aids in cooling tube I 3 andthegastherein. Insomecases,ltmaybe duirable to put a water Jacket around this electrode for further cooling.
The electrodes 3 and i 3 may be connected to a source voltage, for example through pins 20 and 21. This voltage is preferably somewhat below the voltage necessary oi. itself to produce a discharge between the electrodes 3 and II, but sumcient to support a discharge once it is started by the application of control voltage to electrode II. The application of a comparatively small energy or voltage to electrode l3 will thus serve to initiate the discharge. The control voltage will ordinarily be applied between cathode l3 and the electrode It.
In one embodiment of our invention, we used a glass tube of .190 inch outside diameter and 0.11 inch inside diameter, bent into a U or .i shape as in Figure 1, and having a length of about 1% inches alon the curve. The tube I of metal scalable to glass was of 0.125 inch diameter and A inch long, while the'copper tubing 0 was of 0.1 inch diameter and inch long in the finished tube. The anode 3 was 0.004 inch in diameter and extended about inch into the gas inside the tube. With a filling of 40 mm. of xenon this tube operated in a range of 300 to 700 volts across the electrodes I 3 and 3, being triggered oil by a voltage of about 2500 to the control electrode it. The tube may be triggered oil in a single flash, or in a succession oi flashes, for example, at a repetitive rate of 500 per second. The peak currents in the tube may be extremely high, with the average power being only about 5 watts.
For the usual hard glass such as Coming 7052, a potassium barium borosilicate glass, with a coeiilcient of expansion of about 5 10, the metal tube 4 sealed thereto may be of Kovar," an alloy of 17% cobalt, 29% nickel, 0.3% manganese and the balance iron. A softer glass will not permit as great an instantaneous power, but if used would require an appropriate metal for sealing. The more transparent the glass is to the entire spectrum produced by the gas the cooler the lass will run.
Ii desired, the tube can of course be operated without using the control electrode It, by using a high enough voltage across the other electrodes 3 and I3 and an appropriate ballast. For flashing operation the tube may be operated on the discharge of a condenser, as is customary with flash tubes.
The foregoing specific examples are merely by way of explanation and not of limitation. The word glass is used in a broad sense, to include all refractory light-transmitting materials; in the event the tube is used as a control tube, the material need not necessarily be light-transmitting.
The tube can be made without the cathode II, and operated as a cold cathode" tube, in which case the voltage required will be much higher and the tube less suitable for a condenser discharge. This drop may be somewhat reduced in 4 thiscasebyeoatingtheinteriorotthchoilow tube 4 with electronemissive material.
The tube 4 will act as cathode din-in; operation and as exhaust tube during manuiacture.
What we claim is:
1. An electric gaseous discharge lamp comprising a short bent glass tube, a gaseous filling therein, a metal wire anode sealed through and closing one end of said tube, a metal tube sealed at one of its ends to the other end of said glass tube, a second metal tube of better conductivity than the first hermetically attached at one end to the end of said first metal tube extending away from said glass tube, the other end of said second metal tube being sealed, a conducting wire extending from the sealed end of said second metal tube, a hollow metal tube attached to said conducting wire and having an opening in its side, and a filling of barium in said hollow metal tube.
2. The combination of claim 1, in which the hollow metal tube having an opening in its side is within the metal tube sealed to the glass tube.
3. The combination of claim 1, a wire control electrode wrapped around a portion of said glass tube, a hollow base, contact pins extending through said base, lead-in wires extendin from said contact pins to the electrodes to support said tube, and a glass tube closed at one end and fitted into said base at the other end to enclose said tube and its associated supports, said base having holes in its end for ventilation.
4. An electric gaseous discharge lamp comprising a short glass tube, a gaseous filling therein, a metal anode sealed through and closin one end oi said tube, a metal tube having one of its ends sealed to the other end of said glass tube, the other end of said metal tube being closed, a hollow metal tube disposed entirely in said firstmentioned metal tube and connected thereto, and having an opening in its side, and a filling of barium in said hollow tube.
5. The combination of claim 4, and a conductor wire connectin said hollow metal tube to said first mentioned tube and having a bend contacting opposite walls of said first-mentioned metal tube to hold said hollow metal tube in place.
mo THOMAS CASEILINT. HOWARD B. SLOAN.
REFERENCES crrEn The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,649,907 Mayer Nov. 22, 1927 1,994,306 Ewest Mar. 12, 1935 2,094,679 Schouwstra Oct. 5, 1937 2,107,945 Hull Feb. 8, 1938 2,121,589 Espe June 21, 1938 2,154,542 Swanson Apr. 18, 1939 2,237,184 Lemmers Apr. 1, 1941
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2673277A (en) * 1949-10-25 1954-03-23 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Incandescible cathode and method of making the same
US2712095A (en) * 1952-06-24 1955-06-28 Flashtube lamp unit
US2714685A (en) * 1951-08-25 1955-08-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Low pressure fluorescent and discharge lamps
US2761085A (en) * 1953-10-29 1956-08-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Sub miniature glow lamp and method of manufacture
US2831152A (en) * 1952-05-31 1958-04-15 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Electronic flash lamps
DE1044443B1 (en) * 1955-05-11 1958-11-20 Patra Patent Treuhand Color matching device
US2877341A (en) * 1955-06-28 1959-03-10 Harold E Edgerton Liquid cooled flash-producing apparatus
US3444364A (en) * 1966-12-01 1969-05-13 Rite Autotronics Corp Mounting assembly for a high voltage gaseous discharge tube
DE3642413A1 (en) * 1986-12-11 1988-06-23 Juerg Nigg METHOD FOR INCREASING THE DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE LAMPS, IGNITION AID ARRANGEMENT AND DISCHARGE LAMP WITH IGNITION AID

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1649907A (en) * 1919-10-18 1927-11-22 Ltd Company W C Heraus Gmbh Combination of glass and metal bodies
US1994306A (en) * 1933-03-10 1935-03-12 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge device
US2094679A (en) * 1931-12-23 1937-10-05 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge lamp device
US2107945A (en) * 1934-11-20 1938-02-08 Gen Electric Cathode structure
US2121589A (en) * 1934-06-28 1938-06-21 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Emissive incandescent cathode
US2154542A (en) * 1938-02-15 1939-04-18 Swanson Harold Electric incandescent high pressure gas metallic vapor lamp
US2237184A (en) * 1938-04-13 1941-04-01 Gen Electric Alloy

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1649907A (en) * 1919-10-18 1927-11-22 Ltd Company W C Heraus Gmbh Combination of glass and metal bodies
US2094679A (en) * 1931-12-23 1937-10-05 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge lamp device
US1994306A (en) * 1933-03-10 1935-03-12 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge device
US2121589A (en) * 1934-06-28 1938-06-21 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Emissive incandescent cathode
US2107945A (en) * 1934-11-20 1938-02-08 Gen Electric Cathode structure
US2154542A (en) * 1938-02-15 1939-04-18 Swanson Harold Electric incandescent high pressure gas metallic vapor lamp
US2237184A (en) * 1938-04-13 1941-04-01 Gen Electric Alloy

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2673277A (en) * 1949-10-25 1954-03-23 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Incandescible cathode and method of making the same
US2714685A (en) * 1951-08-25 1955-08-02 Westinghouse Electric Corp Low pressure fluorescent and discharge lamps
US2831152A (en) * 1952-05-31 1958-04-15 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Electronic flash lamps
US2712095A (en) * 1952-06-24 1955-06-28 Flashtube lamp unit
US2761085A (en) * 1953-10-29 1956-08-28 Westinghouse Electric Corp Sub miniature glow lamp and method of manufacture
DE1044443B1 (en) * 1955-05-11 1958-11-20 Patra Patent Treuhand Color matching device
US2877341A (en) * 1955-06-28 1959-03-10 Harold E Edgerton Liquid cooled flash-producing apparatus
US3444364A (en) * 1966-12-01 1969-05-13 Rite Autotronics Corp Mounting assembly for a high voltage gaseous discharge tube
DE3642413A1 (en) * 1986-12-11 1988-06-23 Juerg Nigg METHOD FOR INCREASING THE DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE LAMPS, IGNITION AID ARRANGEMENT AND DISCHARGE LAMP WITH IGNITION AID

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