US2491854A - Starting strip for electric discharge devices - Google Patents

Starting strip for electric discharge devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US2491854A
US2491854A US660093A US66009346A US2491854A US 2491854 A US2491854 A US 2491854A US 660093 A US660093 A US 660093A US 66009346 A US66009346 A US 66009346A US 2491854 A US2491854 A US 2491854A
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Prior art keywords
envelope
starting strip
electric discharge
starting
strip
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Expired - Lifetime
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US660093A
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Force Jonathan
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Priority to US660093A priority Critical patent/US2491854A/en
Priority to AT163119D priority patent/AT163119B/en
Priority to GB8827/47A priority patent/GB649181A/en
Priority to CH258132D priority patent/CH258132A/en
Priority to AT165989D priority patent/AT165989B/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2491854A publication Critical patent/US2491854A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H01J61/35—Vessels; Containers provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electric discharge devices of the type employing ionizable mediums such as gases or vapors, and more particularly to improvements in the type of starting strip used thereon.
  • the distortion of the field is due particularly to selective adsorption of certain ions or by electrons clinging to the wall of the envelope.
  • the starting strip neutralizes and prevents the wall charge and in turn eliminates one of the causes of unsatisfactory lamp operation.
  • These starting strips were usually thin coatings of conductive substances such as bronze or aluminum paint which frequently by rubbing or by an abrasion action wiped or worn off, thus destroying the continuity of the starting strip.
  • An object of my invention is to provide new and improved conductive starting strips for controlling electric discharge device operation.
  • Another object of my invention is to provide a new and improved composition to be used as a conductive starting strip for electric discharge devices which will adhere firmly to the glass wall of the envelope.
  • a further object of my invention is to provide a new and improved composition embodying a fritting agent which will adhere firmly to the glass wall of the envelope of a fluorescent lamp at temperatures below the glass fusion point.
  • a still further object of my invention is to provide a method of forming a conductive starting strip on a vitreous envelope of an electric discharge device.
  • Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a positive column discharge device l illustrating my invention.
  • the device I shown therein comprises an elongated tubular or cylindrical envelope 2 having sealed into the ends thereof lead-in wires 3', l and 5, B electrically connected to the thermionic electrodes 1 and B respectively. Suitable provision may be made, not shown, for connecting these leadstarting and maintaining the gaseous discharge ing-in wires to a source of electrical energy for 55 between two electrodes and also for heating the electrodes if necessary, whereby they are brought to a glowin and emitting temperature.
  • Electrodes 1 and 8 comprise a coil (preferably a coiled coil of wire such as tungsten coated with a material of high electron emissivity, such as an alkaline earth oxide like barium or strontiumoxides or mixtures theerof).
  • the envelope 2 contains a gaseous atmosphere such as a rare gas like kyrpton, neon, argon, or mixtures thereof or a vaporizable metal such as mercury, or a mixture of a gas and vaporizable metal.
  • a quantity of mercury which may be in excess of that vaporized during operation of the device is indicated by a drop 9 inside the envelope 2.
  • the device i may be a low pressure positive column lamp of the fluorescent type having a suitable phosphor In on the surface of the envelope 2, which under the influence of radiation produced by an electric discharge within the envelope, excites the phosphor to produce fluorescence.
  • I provide a starting strip ll of conductive composition and comprising an ingredient to effect adherence to the glass. More particularly, I provide a composition for use with a vitreous envelope which after application to the envelope, and after suitable heat treatment, results in a stronglyadherent vitreous film containing metallic particles on the surface of the envelope, and which I have found to have a longer life and improved qualities which resist wearing, brushing, and deterioration encountered during ordinary and rough usage.
  • This starting strip may be inside or outside of the glass receptacle and means may be provided for connecting it to one or both of the electrodes: 1 and 8.
  • I provide a conductive composition to be used as a starting strip which will adhere firmly to the glass envelopes at temperatures well below the glass fusion point. Accordingly, I provide a composition for application to a vitreous envelope and which comprises a reducible metallic compound and a compound which serves to produce after heat treatment a closely adherent and evenly dispersed metallic layer or strip.
  • a reducible metallic compound of the metals in groups 1 and 8 ofthe periodic table such as silver oxide, platinum chloride or reducible compounds of gold and rhodium and the like, and a compound such as lead borate which during the heat treatment 7 ance 'of the strip being determined by the specific resistivity and the dimensions of the strip.
  • the metallic compound may be reduced during the heat treatment is by the inclusion of a suitable reducing agent such as glycerin, citric acid, tartaric acid, polymerized formaldehyde, aluminum formate, sugar, or dextrin.
  • a suitable diluent such as methyl alcohol may be added to vary the viscosity of the composition.
  • this conductive substance may be a paste containing 1050 grams of silver oxide, 600 cubic centimeters of methyl alcohol, 840 cubiccentimeters of glycerin, and 450 grams of lead borate.
  • the lead borate is used as the fritting agent. It ulcers to the glass envelope at temperatures below the glass fusion point and forms a porous body through which the reduced metal is dispersed.
  • the resistance of this starting strip is of a low ohmic value usually 25 to 100 ohms.
  • compositions to the glass envelope 2 may be perfected either before or after the envelope is coated with phosphor and may be applied in any of the well known'methods such 1 as painting, squirting the material from a nozzle, or applying by means of a thin rubber roller.
  • the viscosity, thickness, or stickiness of the composition may be varied to fit the type of application by means of a suitable diluent such as methyl alcohol.
  • an electric discharge device of the type employing an ionizable medium comprising a vitreous envelope, a plurality ofelectrodes therein, and an abrasive resistant starting strip closely adherent to the vitreous envelope and comprising a layer of lead borate fritted to said envelope and containing evenly distributed metallic particles in physical contact giving to said starting strip a predetermined electrical resistance.
  • an electric discharge device In combination, an electric discharge device 3.
  • an electric discharge device of the type employing an icnizable medium and a vitreous envelope, a plurality of electroda therein, and a starting strip comprising lead borate adherent to the vitreous envelope and containing evenly distributed particles of platimnn in physical contact giving to said starting strip a predetermined electrical resistance.
  • an electric discharge device of the type employing an ionizable medium and a vitreous envelope, a plurality of electrodes therein, and a starting strip comprising lead borate adherent to the vitreous envelope and containing evenly distributed particles of rhodium in physical contact giving to said starting strip a predetermined electrical resistance.
  • the method of forming a conductive starting strip on a vitreous envelope of an electric discharge device which comprises forming a paste of the type employing an ionizable medium and a vitreous envelope, a plurality of electrodes therein, and a starting strip comprising lead 'borate adherent to the vitreous envelope and containing evenly distributed particles of silver in physical contact giving to said; starting strip a predetermined electrical resistance.

Description

9 J. FORCE 9 ,854
STARTING STRIP FOR ELECTRIC DISOWGE- DEVICES Filed April 6, 1946 INVENTOR JONATHAN FORCE BY HIS ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 20, 1949 STARTING s'rarr FOR ELECTRIC DISCHARGE DEVICES Jonathan Force, Cleveland signor to General Electric tion of New York Heights, Ohio. as- Company, a corpora- Application April 6, 1946, Serial No. 660,093 7 Claims. (01. 176-422) This invention relates to electric discharge devices of the type employing ionizable mediums such as gases or vapors, and more particularly to improvements in the type of starting strip used thereon.
Heretoiore starting strips were used to counteract the electrostatic effect of the wall charges on the interior of the gas discharge envelope and to produce distortion of the potential distribution or electrostatic fields between the terminals in order to facilitate starting of the discharge.
In devices employing a hot and glowing fila mentary electrode, the distortion of the field is due particularly to selective adsorption of certain ions or by electrons clinging to the wall of the envelope. The starting strip neutralizes and prevents the wall charge and in turn eliminates one of the causes of unsatisfactory lamp operation. These starting strips were usually thin coatings of conductive substances such as bronze or aluminum paint which frequently by rubbing or by an abrasion action wiped or wore off, thus destroying the continuity of the starting strip.
An object of my invention is to provide new and improved conductive starting strips for controlling electric discharge device operation.
Another object of my invention is to provide a new and improved composition to be used as a conductive starting strip for electric discharge devices which will adhere firmly to the glass wall of the envelope.
A further object of my invention is to provide a new and improved composition embodying a fritting agent which will adhere firmly to the glass wall of the envelope of a fluorescent lamp at temperatures below the glass fusion point.
A still further object of my invention is to provide a method of forming a conductive starting strip on a vitreous envelope of an electric discharge device..
Further features and advantages of my invention will appear from the following detailed description of species thereof.
In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, of a positive column discharge device l illustrating my invention. The device I shown therein comprises an elongated tubular or cylindrical envelope 2 having sealed into the ends thereof lead-in wires 3', l and 5, B electrically connected to the thermionic electrodes 1 and B respectively. Suitable provision may be made, not shown, for connecting these leadstarting and maintaining the gaseous discharge ing-in wires to a source of electrical energy for 55 between two electrodes and also for heating the electrodes if necessary, whereby they are brought to a glowin and emitting temperature. Electrodes 1 and 8 comprise a coil (preferably a coiled coil of wire such as tungsten coated with a material of high electron emissivity, such as an alkaline earth oxide like barium or strontiumoxides or mixtures theerof). The envelope 2 contains a gaseous atmosphere such as a rare gas like kyrpton, neon, argon, or mixtures thereof or a vaporizable metal such as mercury, or a mixture of a gas and vaporizable metal. A quantity of mercury which may be in excess of that vaporized during operation of the device is indicated by a drop 9 inside the envelope 2. The device i may be a low pressure positive column lamp of the fluorescent type having a suitable phosphor In on the surface of the envelope 2, which under the influence of radiation produced by an electric discharge within the envelope, excites the phosphor to produce fluorescence. 0n the outside of the envelope 2 and terminating near ends thereof I provide a starting strip ll of conductive composition and comprising an ingredient to effect adherence to the glass. More particularly, I provide a composition for use with a vitreous envelope which after application to the envelope, and after suitable heat treatment, results in a stronglyadherent vitreous film containing metallic particles on the surface of the envelope, and which I have found to have a longer life and improved qualities which resist wearing, brushing, and deterioration encountered during ordinary and rough usage. This starting strip may be inside or outside of the glass receptacle and means may be provided for connecting it to one or both of the electrodes: 1 and 8.
In accordance with an object of my invention, I provide a conductive composition to be used as a starting strip which will adhere firmly to the glass envelopes at temperatures well below the glass fusion point. Accordingly, I provide a composition for application to a vitreous envelope and which comprises a reducible metallic compound and a compound which serves to produce after heat treatment a closely adherent and evenly dispersed metallic layer or strip. Briefly stated, I prefer to use a reducible metallic compound of the metals in groups 1 and 8 ofthe periodic table such as silver oxide, platinum chloride or reducible compounds of gold and rhodium and the like, and a compound such as lead borate which during the heat treatment 7 ance 'of the strip being determined by the specific resistivity and the dimensions of the strip.
In the mixing of the composition prior to application to the envelope and heat treatment thereof, I have found that one way in which 'the metallic compound may be reduced during the heat treatment is by the inclusion of a suitable reducing agent such as glycerin, citric acid, tartaric acid, polymerized formaldehyde, aluminum formate, sugar, or dextrin. A suitable diluent such as methyl alcohol may be added to vary the viscosity of the composition.
Generally speaking, I efiect these desired results by means of a compound comprising ingredients which when combined together in the right proportions and applied to a glass envelope frits together andto the glass attemperatures from 500 to 550 degrees centigrade. Forexample, this conductive substance may be a paste containing 1050 grams of silver oxide, 600 cubic centimeters of methyl alcohol, 840 cubiccentimeters of glycerin, and 450 grams of lead borate. The lead borate is used as the fritting agent. It irits to the glass envelope at temperatures below the glass fusion point and forms a porous body through which the reduced metal is dispersed. Thus a conductive and abrasive resistant path is obtained which by rubbing or abrasive action will not wipe or wear on, and by this means secure the continuity of the starting strip. Generally speaking the resistance of this starting strip is of a low ohmic value usually 25 to 100 ohms.
Application of this composition to the glass envelope 2 may be perfected either before or after the envelope is coated with phosphor and may be applied in any of the well known'methods such 1 as painting, squirting the material from a nozzle, or applying by means of a thin rubber roller. The viscosity, thickness, or stickiness of the composition may be varied to fit the type of application by means of a suitable diluent such as methyl alcohol.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. In an electric discharge device of the type employing an ionizable medium, the combination comprising a vitreous envelope, a plurality ofelectrodes therein, and an abrasive resistant starting strip closely adherent to the vitreous envelope and comprising a layer of lead borate fritted to said envelope and containing evenly distributed metallic particles in physical contact giving to said starting strip a predetermined electrical resistance.
2. In combination, an electric discharge device 3. In combination, an electric discharge device of the type employing an icnizable medium and a vitreous envelope, a plurality of electroda therein, and a starting strip comprising lead borate adherent to the vitreous envelope and containing evenly distributed particles of platimnn in physical contact giving to said starting strip a predetermined electrical resistance.
4. In combination, an electric discharge device of the type employing an ionizable medium and a vitreous envelope, a plurality of electrodes therein, and a starting strip comprising lead borate adherent to the vitreous envelope and containing evenly distributed particles of rhodium in physical contact giving to said starting strip a predetermined electrical resistance.
5. The method of forming a conductive starting strip on a vitreous envelope of an electric discharge device which comprises forming a paste of the type employing an ionizable medium and a vitreous envelope, a plurality of electrodes therein, and a starting strip comprising lead 'borate adherent to the vitreous envelope and containing evenly distributed particles of silver in physical contact giving to said; starting strip a predetermined electrical resistance.
of reduciblemetallic compound, lead borate, and a reducing agent, applying said paste to the envelope, subjecting said envelope and paste to a temperature suiiicient to eiiect reduction of said compound to particles of the corresponding metal and to frit the lead borate to the envelope in order to form a closely adherent layer thereof 'closely adherent layer thereof containing metallic particles of silver in physical contact giving to said starting strip a predetermined electrical resistance.
7. The method of forming a conductive starting strip on a vitreous envelope of an electric discharge device which comprises iorming a paste of platinum chloride, lead borate, applying said paste to the envelope, subjecting said envelope and paste to a temperature sufiicient to elect reduction of said compound and to frit the lead borate to the envelope in order to form a closely adherent layer thereof containing metallic particles of platinum in physical contact giving to said starting strip a predetermined electrical resistance. p
JONATHAN FORCE.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS
US660093A 1946-04-06 1946-04-06 Starting strip for electric discharge devices Expired - Lifetime US2491854A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US660093A US2491854A (en) 1946-04-06 1946-04-06 Starting strip for electric discharge devices
AT163119D AT163119B (en) 1946-04-06 1947-02-25 Electric discharge lamp with tempering strips
GB8827/47A GB649181A (en) 1946-04-06 1947-04-01 Improvements in and relating to starting strips for electric discharge devices
CH258132D CH258132A (en) 1946-04-06 1947-04-03 Electric gas discharge lamp and method of manufacturing the same.
AT165989D AT165989B (en) 1946-04-06 1947-05-20 Electric discharge lamp with tempering strips

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US660093A US2491854A (en) 1946-04-06 1946-04-06 Starting strip for electric discharge devices

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2598241A (en) * 1948-06-15 1952-05-27 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Electric discharge device
US2663823A (en) * 1948-08-05 1953-12-22 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Starting strip connection for discharge lamps
US2733368A (en) * 1951-03-29 1956-01-31 Kolkman
US2736842A (en) * 1951-04-17 1956-02-28 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Circuit comprising an arc-discharge tube
US2739261A (en) * 1951-10-13 1956-03-20 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Tubular gas discharge lamp
US2748308A (en) * 1952-08-05 1956-05-29 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Low-pressure arc-discharge tube supplied with direct current
US2748309A (en) * 1952-01-15 1956-05-29 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Gas or vapor discharge tube
US2829295A (en) * 1949-07-02 1958-04-01 Philips Corp Internally conductively coated lamp and method of manufacture
US2849656A (en) * 1953-09-15 1958-08-26 Gen Electric Switch-start discharge lamp circuit
US2882187A (en) * 1955-09-06 1959-04-14 Therm O Lab Corp Electrical heating element
US2973450A (en) * 1956-08-01 1961-02-28 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Electric discharge lamp starting strip
US3152278A (en) * 1959-06-12 1964-10-06 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Fluorescent lamp with low melting amalgam filling
US3610983A (en) * 1968-08-21 1971-10-05 Patent Trevhand Ges Fur Elektr Restarting arrangement for high-pressure mercury-vapor lamp which includes metallic halide additives
US3651365A (en) * 1968-10-09 1972-03-21 Sylvania Electric Prod Xenon slash lamp with sodium starting band and method of making same
US3932783A (en) * 1969-01-02 1976-01-13 Sylvania Electric Products Inc. Fluorescent lamp containing indium oxide
US4129802A (en) * 1976-09-14 1978-12-12 U.S. Philips Corporation Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp
US4287548A (en) * 1978-08-03 1981-09-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surge voltage arrester with reduced minimum operating surge voltage
US5081395A (en) * 1988-06-20 1992-01-14 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo K.K. Fluorescent lamp having three electrodes for starting at low temperatures
US6359376B1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2002-03-19 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Fluorescent lamp having asymmetric electrodes inside the discharge tube
US6362572B1 (en) * 1999-06-22 2002-03-26 Mundy M. Hepburn Decorative lamp assembly having a transparent envelope containing inert gas mixtures

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1915019A (en) * 1931-09-08 1933-06-20 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge device
US1922221A (en) * 1929-07-20 1933-08-15 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Resistance material
US2094647A (en) * 1935-06-06 1937-10-05 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge device
US2146579A (en) * 1936-04-22 1939-02-07 Gen Electric Electric discharge lamp

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1922221A (en) * 1929-07-20 1933-08-15 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Resistance material
US1915019A (en) * 1931-09-08 1933-06-20 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge device
US2094647A (en) * 1935-06-06 1937-10-05 Gen Electric Gaseous electric discharge device
US2146579A (en) * 1936-04-22 1939-02-07 Gen Electric Electric discharge lamp

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2598241A (en) * 1948-06-15 1952-05-27 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Electric discharge device
US2663823A (en) * 1948-08-05 1953-12-22 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Starting strip connection for discharge lamps
US2829295A (en) * 1949-07-02 1958-04-01 Philips Corp Internally conductively coated lamp and method of manufacture
US2733368A (en) * 1951-03-29 1956-01-31 Kolkman
US2736842A (en) * 1951-04-17 1956-02-28 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Circuit comprising an arc-discharge tube
US2739261A (en) * 1951-10-13 1956-03-20 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Tubular gas discharge lamp
US2748309A (en) * 1952-01-15 1956-05-29 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Gas or vapor discharge tube
US2748308A (en) * 1952-08-05 1956-05-29 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Low-pressure arc-discharge tube supplied with direct current
US2849656A (en) * 1953-09-15 1958-08-26 Gen Electric Switch-start discharge lamp circuit
US2882187A (en) * 1955-09-06 1959-04-14 Therm O Lab Corp Electrical heating element
US2973450A (en) * 1956-08-01 1961-02-28 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Electric discharge lamp starting strip
US3152278A (en) * 1959-06-12 1964-10-06 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Fluorescent lamp with low melting amalgam filling
US3610983A (en) * 1968-08-21 1971-10-05 Patent Trevhand Ges Fur Elektr Restarting arrangement for high-pressure mercury-vapor lamp which includes metallic halide additives
US3651365A (en) * 1968-10-09 1972-03-21 Sylvania Electric Prod Xenon slash lamp with sodium starting band and method of making same
US3932783A (en) * 1969-01-02 1976-01-13 Sylvania Electric Products Inc. Fluorescent lamp containing indium oxide
US4129802A (en) * 1976-09-14 1978-12-12 U.S. Philips Corporation Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp
US4287548A (en) * 1978-08-03 1981-09-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Surge voltage arrester with reduced minimum operating surge voltage
US5081395A (en) * 1988-06-20 1992-01-14 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo K.K. Fluorescent lamp having three electrodes for starting at low temperatures
USRE35142E (en) * 1988-06-20 1996-01-09 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fluorescent lamp having three electrodes for starting at low temperatures
US6359376B1 (en) * 1998-09-18 2002-03-19 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Fluorescent lamp having asymmetric electrodes inside the discharge tube
US6362572B1 (en) * 1999-06-22 2002-03-26 Mundy M. Hepburn Decorative lamp assembly having a transparent envelope containing inert gas mixtures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB649181A (en) 1951-01-24
CH258132A (en) 1948-11-15

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