US2488241A - Exhaust stand for steam locomotives - Google Patents

Description

Nova E5 E4 J. L. RYAN EXHAUST STAND FOR STEAM LOCOMOTIVES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 1, 1946 av. 15, 1949 J. L. RYAN EXHAUST STAND FOR STEAM LOCOMOTIVES 2 SheetsShget 2 Filed June 1, 1946 Patented Nov. 15, 1949 irsED STATES Tar EXHAUST STAND FOR STEAM LOCOMOTIV ES 7 Claims.

This invention relates to "improvements *in exhaust stands for steam locomotives andiit consists of the matters hereinafter described vand more particularly pointed 'out .in the appended claims.

In steam locomotives, "the conventional arrangement of the cylinders thereof is such that each has a separate exhaust steam passageway alternate action of the exhaust from the cylinders, as well as the choking action produced "by the nozzle tip, there is a tendency for the steam exhausted 'throughone-passage fromone cylinder and associated side of the stand-to-find its way into the other side thereof and exert a negative pressure-on the piston when the stand is not so designed to prevent this action; This action, WhiCh,iS generally known as -a'-'lick over, is

most serious at 'full gear-operationwhere maximum tractive effort is desired, and occurs when the affected side of the engine is developing the entire forceofthelocomotive at the instan't,and that when combining thetorque efiort of the two sides of the locomotive'is'the low point-ofthe torquecurve. This kick over maybe felt to the extent of a ten--per-cent-('l0%) lowering of the-low points in the torque curve when locomotive is operating in full gear, andits action is felt adversely throughout the whole range of heavy work rates.

The chocking action of the exhaust tip that is necessary to provide the-required'draft or steam creating capacity with conventional arrangement causes back pressure that performs negative work and that under the heavy work rates of a locomotive amounts to as high as twenty percent (20%) of the positivework performed. Heretofore, in some exhaust stands a relatively high dividing rib has been employed therein to reduce this kick over action, and while such a rib functioned advantageously in this respect, it prevents a single or individual-cylinder exhaust from uniformly filling the-stack, which is'objec tionable and'has other disadvantages which has limited its use.

The velocity of the main-blast "of exhaust steam and-the entrained products of combustion, directed into the stack by thenozzle,-is-not uniform throughout thecross sectional area of the'stack. This velocity is the highestat the-center "or'the axis of the stack and diminishes radially outward toward the periphery ofthebl'a'st where the effective entraining action is the lowest.

One-of the objects of the present invention is to provide an exhaust stand for steam locomotives, which is .so constructed as to providesupplemental exhaust steam blasts that .cross over to the opposite side of the stand from thatiin which they entered the stand so as to eliminate the kick over efiect, thereby reducing back-pressure and increasing efficiency oi the locomotive.

Another object of the present invention is :to provide an exhaust stand for steam locomotives, which is so constructed'thatan individual exhaust steampassageway is provided for each-cylinder to'the base of theexhaust tipand withcrossover supplemental passageways with their outlets so placed that the exhaust from one main passageway plus that of its supplemental passageways entirely fills the stack, thus eliminating the ad verse effect of the exhaust of one cylinder on the torque effort of the opposite cylinder-and without impairment to the draft creating chiciency of the exhaust;

Another object of the invention is to provide a'stand of this kind, the 'body'of-Whichispractical to make as a one-piece integral casting, for manufacturing purposes.

Also, it is an'object of the invention-to provide anexhaust stand-of this kind-so 'constructed that parts of the exhaust steam 'from one cylinder of thelocomotiveare caused topass -up-one passage of thestandand through the nozzle tip in'a-conventionalmanner-and another part of-the steam of the same exhaust is caused to be divided up into-supplementalblasts located at the opposite sides of said-stand passage and substantially outsideof the periphery of theblast from-themain nozzletip so as to provide independent entrainment with each-blast, the increased-draft creating efliciency resulting -from the-greater'entraining area of the divided exhaust bIastsp-ermitting increasing-thearea'of the exhaust over that possible with any conventional exhaust-tip.

Again, it is an object of the invention'toprovide a'stand of this kind'providing supplemental exhaust blasts substantially outside ofithe pe riphery of the main blast from" the nozzletip to "coact with the main blast-in creating 'a more uniformly high draft than is'possible-withany conventional nozzle tip and hence to take advantage Ofthis greater draft creating efficiency'to increase the outlet area of the-exhaust with resultant substantial lowering of back pressure and increase in the positive work performed;

The above'mentioned objects of theinventio n, as Well as others, together with'the advantages thereof will more fully appear as-the specifica tion proceeds.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a transverse vertical sectional view through the preferred form of the exhaust stand and an associated nozzle tip, showing the same in the smoke box of a steam locomotive and in axis of the stand body l0.

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view through the stand, as taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2 and corresponds to the showing of the stand in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is another vertical sectional View through the exhaust stand, as taken on the line 4-.4 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional View through the stand, as taken on the line 55 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is another horizontal sectional viewthrough the stand as taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 3.

Referring now in detail to that embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings and especially to Figs. 2 to 6 inclusive, the improved exhaust stand includes a tubular body ID that tapers in diameter toward the top end, and hav- 14 and :5 respectively. Spaced laterally from each side of the plane of the rib is on the outside of the stand body are pairs of upwardly opening passage portions l6 and H respectively, which at their upper ends are formed by a part of the flange H. The axes of the said passageways are disposed in a circle of which the axis of the stand is the center. Lines connecting the axes of said passageways it and I? would form a square and the passageways are, therefore, spaced symmetrically equal distances from the The upper end of each passageway l6 and I7, which is parallel with the axis of the stand body, receives and has fixed therein a supplemental exhaust member 18 and i9 respectively. Said members l8 and 59 are in the form of pieces of tubing, the length of which may vary to meet dimensional requirements when installed in different types of steam locomotives. Each passageway it extends downwardly from its top end and merges into a horizontally disposed branch Ifia (see Fig. 5), which crosses the plane of the rib and opens as at 20 into one side of the exhaust steam passageway l5 on the other side of said rib, at an elevation slightly above a plane midway between the ends of said body. Each passageway ll extends downwardly from its top end and merges into a horizontally disposed branch l'ia (see Fig. 6) which crosses the plane of the rib and opens at 2| into lone side of the exhaust steam passageway I4 on the other side of said rib at an elevation slightly below a plane midway between the ends of the stand body, as best app-ears in Figs. 2 and 3. In Fig. 1 the improved stand as a whole is shown in the position it occupies in a locomotive smokebox shell 22 and in axial alignment with a smoke stack 23, the bottom flared end of which is located in the shell with its bottom edge disposed substantially in the plane of the axis of said shell. When in said position the bridge or rib I3 of the stand extends longitudinally of the shell 22 and the flange !2 is fixed to an associated seat 24 of a cylinder saddle 25 and which seat opens through the bottom of the shell.

Said saddle, which is herein shown as a single casting for ease of illustration, is provided with a pair of main cylinders 2626 and a pair of valve chambers 2121, exhaust steam passages 2828' leading from each chamber to open through the seat 24, one into each steam pas sageway l4 and [5 in the stand. 2929 indicate live steam pipes that lead to the valve chambers 21-21.

30 indicates the exhaust nozzle or tip, arranged coaxially with the stack and which tip seats upon the top end of the stand and is fixed to the flange l I of the stand in any suitable manner. The internal surface of said tip or nozzle tapers toward the top end as a continuation of the taper of the stand body and at said top end is bridged in any suitable manner, as at 3|.

In the operation of the stand, when embodied in a steam locomotive, as appears in Fig. 1,.assume that the exhaust is from the right hand valve cylinder 21. The steam of this exhaust passes up the passage 28 (having been conducted thereto by a conduit of conventional design; not shown) into the passageway I5 of the stand and due to the restriction of the nozzle 30 substantial- 1y fills the passage [5 and nozzle with exhaust steam at a relatively high pressure. The greater part of said exhaust steam issues from the nozzle 30 to provide the main blast 32. Another portion of said exhaust steam will enter the conduits Ilia-I60. by means of the ports 28 to pass out through the tubes l8 as a pair of supplemental exhaust blasts 33, only one of which is indicated in Fig. 1. When the exhaust is from the left hand valve cylinder 21, it passes up through the passage 28, (having been conducted thereto by a conduit of conventional design, not shown) into the bottom end of the passage M of the stand, and fills the same up to the nozzle and the main part thereof passes out through the nozzle 3| as the main blast into the stack, as before. Other parts of the steam exhaust pass out through the ports 2 I2I and passages llalla and tubes l9 to provide the supplemental exhaust steam blasts.

The main blast 32 is directed to and enters into the bottom end of the stack and increases in cross sectional diameter, as the internal pressure Of the blast decreases and affords entrainment through the spaces between the supplemental blasts 3334. These supplemental blasts enter the bottom of the stack outwardly from the main blast and each supplemental blast has an individual entraining action until it joins the main blast.

The supplemental blasts are sufficiently removed laterally from the main blast and are so spaced circumferentially thereof that they will not create a screen or barrier around the main blast, but each one will have its own individual entrainment action, the sum total of which, added to that of the main blasts, materially increases the efiiciency of the stand.

When the stand has a high rib [3, which extends to the top of the stand, as in Fig, 1, the kick over feature is materially reduced, but the tendency is more or less for the main blast to enter or favor that side of the stack associated with the exhausting passage M or 15. However, parts of the exhaust steam, which issue from the tubes 3 and [9, as supplemental exhausts, round out the unfavored side of the main blast to make it uniform in cross section throughout the stack, thus substantially increasing the emciency of the locomotive.

While in describing the invention I have referred in detail to the form, arrangement and construction of the parts involved, the same is to be considered only in the illustrative sense so that I do not wish to be limited thereto except as may be Specifically set forth in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. An exhaust stand for steam locomotive embodying therein a tubular stand body, a rib in said body defining a pair of laterally spaced, vertical exhaust steam passageways for discharging the main exhaust steam blast from the top of the stand, and a plurality of conduits operatively associated with the stand body and providing upwardly directed supplemental exhaust steam blasts spaced outwardly from said main blast,

and having individual entraining action, there being at least one of said conduits to each side of the plane of said rib that communicates with the exhaust steam passageway in the stand body located upon the opposite side of the rib from said one of said conduits to receive supplemental exhaust steam therefrom.

2. An exhaust stand for steam locomotives embodying therein a tubular stand body, a rib in the stand defining a pair of laterally spaced exhaust steam passageways for discharging the main exhaust steam blast from the top of the stand, a plurality of conduits operatively associated with the stand body and providing upwardly directed supplemental exhaust steam blasts spaced outwardly from said main blast and having individual entraining action, there being a set of said conduits to each side of the plane of said rib that communicates with the exhaust steam passageway in the stand body located upon the opposite side of the rib from said set of conduits referred to, to receive supplemental exhaust steam therefrom.

3. An exhaust stand for steam locomotives embodying therein a tubular stand body, a rib in the stand defining a pair of laterally spaced exhaust steam passageways for discharging the main exhaust steam blast from the top of the stand, means providing a plurality of conduits, each having an inlet portion that communicates with an exhaust steam passageway on one side of said rib and crosses the same to terminate in an upwardly directed outlet portion on the other side of the rib, and a tubular member connected to each outlet portion and providing upwardly directed supplemental exhaust steam blasts spaced outwardly from the main blast at the top of the stand body.

4. An exhaust stand for steam locomotives embodying therein a tubular stand body, a transverse rib in said stand extending from the bottom to substantially the top thereof and dividing the stand body into a pair of laterally spaced exhaust steam passageways for discharging the main exhaust steam blasts from the top of the stand, a plurality of tubular members carried by the stand and providing upwardly directed supplemental exhaust steam blasts spaced outwardly from the main blast at the top of the stand to have individual entraining action, there being at least one of said tubular members laterally to each side of the plane of the rib that communicates with the exhaust steam passageway in the stand body upon the opposite side of the rib from said one of said tubular members at a point between the ends of said rib to receive supplemental exhaust steam from said passageways.

5. An exhaust stand for a steam locomotive embodying therein a tubular body having a longitudinal bore therein, a rib arranged in said body and dividing the same into spaced passageways, for at least a portion of the length of said body, means providing a plurality of ducts each having an inlet portion that communicates with an exhaust steam passageway on one side of said rib and crosses the same to terminate in an upwardly directed outlet portion on the other side of said rib.

6. In combination with the smokebox shell of a steam locomotive, a smoke stack having its lower end disposed in said shell, means providing a pair of laterally spaced ducts leading from the cylinders of the locomotive and which ducts open into the smokebox substantially in line with the stack, an exhaust stand arranged in the bottom of said smoke box, said stand including a tubular stand body arranged substantially coaxially with the stack, a rib in said body and dividing the same into laterally spaced exhaust steam passageways, each communicating at its bottom end with an associated duct leading from said cylinders, a nozzle tip on the upper end of the stand body and in communication with the top end of said steam passageways and providing the upwardly directed main exhaust steam blast from the stand into the bottom of the stack, and a plurality of sets of tubular members carried by the stand and providing upwardly directed supplemental exhaust steam blasts into the bottom of the stack and spaced outwardly from the main blast at the top of the nozzle tip to have individual entraining action, there being at least one set of such tubular members laterally to each side of the plane of the rib and communicating with the exhaust steam passage on the other side of the rib to receive supplemental exhaust steam therefrom.

7. In a steam locomotive, the combination of an exhaust stand embodying therein a stand body, means providing separated vertical passageways therethrough, one on each side of the axis of said body for discharging main exhaust steam blasts from the top end thereof, means operatively associated with the bottom end of the stand for supplying exhaust steam to the bottom end of each passageway, a plurality of conduits operatively associated with the stand body and providing upwardly directed supplemental exhaust steam blasts outwardly from said main steam blasts, there being at least one of said conduits arranged to each side of said axis of the stand body and communicating with a vertical passageway arranged to the opposite side of said axes to receive supplemental exhaust steam therefrom.

JAMES L. RYAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 390,937 Appleby Oct. 9, 1888 391,931 Appleby Oct. 30, 1888 1,493,116 Kiesel May 6, 1924 1,993,009 Gieslingen Apr. 16, 1935

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