US2486283A - Heat-treatment for high carbon high chromium steel - Google Patents
Heat-treatment for high carbon high chromium steel Download PDFInfo
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- US2486283A US2486283A US664694A US66469446A US2486283A US 2486283 A US2486283 A US 2486283A US 664694 A US664694 A US 664694A US 66469446 A US66469446 A US 66469446A US 2486283 A US2486283 A US 2486283A
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 10
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 14
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
Definitions
- This invention relates to high carbon high chromium steels and more particularly to thermal treatments for such steels.
- a typical analysis of a steel within this class is about 1 per cent carbon, 14 per cent chromium, and .80 per cent manganese. Such a steel is generally considered martensitic.
- such steels can be annealed and rendered suitable for cold deformation in the following manner.
- Articles of steel of the specified composition are heated preferably to between 50 and 75 F. below the melting range of the steel, or to from 2100 to 2250 F. and held at such temperature between fifteen minutes and four hours.
- the steel is then cooled in a relatively rapid manner to below 1000 F., either in air or in liquid, but in any case at a rate of at least 50 per hour.
- the steel is then reheated to within the temperature range of 1250 to 1500 F. for an interval of between four and twenty-four hours and preferably cooled in any convenient manner to substantially room temperature. Such cooling should exceed at least 25 per hour.
- the steel is heated to a temperature of 1650 to 1700 F. for from fifteen minutes to eight hours and then cooled in any suitable manner, which does not form coarse carbides, but which must be in excess of 25 F. per hour, preferably to Within but not below the temperature range of 1250 to 1450 F.
- the final step in our treatment is holding the steel within the temperature range of 1250 to 1450 F. for from four to twenty-four hours followed by cooling to room temperature in any manner desired.
- a method of producing cold-deformable high chromium alloy steel containing between .5 and 1.25 per cent carbon, 10 to 16 per cent chromium, manganese in effective amounts up to 1.10 per cent; not over .25 per cent nickel and balance substantially iron comprising heating said alloy steel to a temperature between 2100 and 2250 F., holding at said temperature for between fifteen minutes and four hours, rapidly cooling from such temperature to below 1000 F. at a rate of at least 50 per hour, heating to within the range of 1250 to 1500 F., holding in such range for a time between four and twenty-four hours, reheating to a temperature within the range of 1600 to 1750" F., holdingat such temperature for from fifteen minutes to eight hours, cooling to Within the range of from 1250 to 1450 F. at a rate in excess of 25 per hour and holding in such range for from four to twenty-four hours.
- a method of producing cold-deformable high chromium alloy steel containing between .5 and 1.25 per cent carbon, 10 to 16 per cent chromium, manganese in effective amounts up to 1.10 per cent, not over .25 per cent nickel and balance substantially iron comprising heating said alloy steel to a temperature within 50 to F. below the melting range of the steel, holding at said temperature for between fifteen minutes and four hours, rapidly cooling from such temperature to below 1000 F.
- a method of producing cold-deformable high chromium alloy steel containing between .5 and 1.25 per cent carbon, to 16 per cent chromium, manganese in effective amounts up to 1.10 per cent, not over .25 per cent nickel and balance substantially iron comprising heating said allo; steel to a temperature between 2100 and 2250 F., holding at said temperature for between fifteen minutes and four hours, rapidly cooling from such temperature to below 1000 F.
- a method of producing cold-deformable high chromium alloy steel containing between .5 and 1.25 per cent carbon, 10 to 16 per cent chromium, manganese in effective amounts up to 1.10 per cent, not over .25 per cent nickel and balance 4 substantially iron comprisin heating said alloy steel to a temperature within to F. below the melting range of the steel, holding at said temperature for between fifteen minutes and four hours, rapidly cooling from such temperature to below 1000 F.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Description
Patented Oct. 25, 1949 HEAT-TREATMENT FOR HIGH CARBON HIGH CHROMIUM STEEL Carroll G. Hoffman, Independence, and John M. Kiefer, Jr., East Cleveland, Ohio, assignors to The American Steel and Wire Company of New Jersey, a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application April 24, 1946, Serial No. 664,694
4 Claims.
This invention relates to high carbon high chromium steels and more particularly to thermal treatments for such steels.
The use of high carbon high chromium steels of the class containing from .5 to 1.25 per cent carbon and 10 to 16 per cent chromium, manganese in effective amounts but not over 1.10 per cent, .25 per cent maximum nickel, normal amounts of phosphorus, sulphur and silicon and the balance substantially iron except for residual amounts of other elements, has heretofore been restricted because of their extreme brittleness at room temperature. A typical analysis of a steel within this class is about 1 per cent carbon, 14 per cent chromium, and .80 per cent manganese. Such a steel is generally considered martensitic.
By treating such steels as the foregoing in accordance with the teachings of our invention, as hereinafter described, it becomes possible to cold process them after being hot rolled or forged. Ordinarily such steels cannot be further processed to any great extent by cold rolling or other deforming at or near room temperature because of their extreme brittleness. In part, this brittleness, which results in fracturing of the steel upon very slight deformations at or near room temperature, is the result of excessively large, usually angular, carbides formed during the solidification and cooling of the steel. These carbides may increase in size during the hot working heating operations.
In accordance with the teachings of our invention, such steels can be annealed and rendered suitable for cold deformation in the following manner. Articles of steel of the specified composition are heated preferably to between 50 and 75 F. below the melting range of the steel, or to from 2100 to 2250 F. and held at such temperature between fifteen minutes and four hours. The steel is then cooled in a relatively rapid manner to below 1000 F., either in air or in liquid, but in any case at a rate of at least 50 per hour.
The steel is then reheated to within the temperature range of 1250 to 1500 F. for an interval of between four and twenty-four hours and preferably cooled in any convenient manner to substantially room temperature. Such cooling should exceed at least 25 per hour.
Either after such a cooling to substantially room temperature or directly from a temperature in the range of 1250 to 1500 F. the steel is heated to a temperature of 1650 to 1700 F. for from fifteen minutes to eight hours and then cooled in any suitable manner, which does not form coarse carbides, but which must be in excess of 25 F. per hour, preferably to Within but not below the temperature range of 1250 to 1450 F.
The final step in our treatment is holding the steel within the temperature range of 1250 to 1450 F. for from four to twenty-four hours followed by cooling to room temperature in any manner desired.
These heating steps cause a series of phase or constituent changes or transformations of the steel, which must follow one another in the correct sequence to produce the final desired type of phase or constituent aggregate having the desired properties for cold working. Therefore, it is an essential feature of the foregoing heating operations that they be performed in the sequence described in order to obtain the desired ductility and quality of being cold-deformable.
While we have described certain specific embodiments of our invention, it will be understood that these embodiments are merely for the purpose of illustration and description and that various other forms may be devised within the scope of our invention, as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A method of producing cold-deformable high chromium alloy steel containing between .5 and 1.25 per cent carbon, 10 to 16 per cent chromium, manganese in effective amounts up to 1.10 per cent; not over .25 per cent nickel and balance substantially iron comprising heating said alloy steel to a temperature between 2100 and 2250 F., holding at said temperature for between fifteen minutes and four hours, rapidly cooling from such temperature to below 1000 F. at a rate of at least 50 per hour, heating to within the range of 1250 to 1500 F., holding in such range for a time between four and twenty-four hours, reheating to a temperature within the range of 1600 to 1750" F., holdingat such temperature for from fifteen minutes to eight hours, cooling to Within the range of from 1250 to 1450 F. at a rate in excess of 25 per hour and holding in such range for from four to twenty-four hours.
2. A method of producing cold-deformable high chromium alloy steel containing between .5 and 1.25 per cent carbon, 10 to 16 per cent chromium, manganese in effective amounts up to 1.10 per cent, not over .25 per cent nickel and balance substantially iron comprising heating said alloy steel to a temperature within 50 to F. below the melting range of the steel, holding at said temperature for between fifteen minutes and four hours, rapidly cooling from such temperature to below 1000 F. at a rate of at least 50 per hour, heating to within the range of 1250 to 1500 F., holding in such range for a time between four and twenty-four hours, reheating to a temperature within the range of 1600 to 1750 F., holding at such temperature for from fifteen minutes to eight hours, cooling to within the range of from 1250 to 1450 F. at a rate in excess of 25 per hour and holding in such range for from four to twenty-four hours.
3. A method of producing cold-deformable high chromium alloy steel containing between .5 and 1.25 per cent carbon, to 16 per cent chromium, manganese in effective amounts up to 1.10 per cent, not over .25 per cent nickel and balance substantially iron comprising heating said allo; steel to a temperature between 2100 and 2250 F., holding at said temperature for between fifteen minutes and four hours, rapidly cooling from such temperature to below 1000 F. at a rate of at least 50 per hour, heatin to within the range of 1250 to 1500 F., holding in such range for a time between four and twenty-four hours, cooling to substantially room temperature at a rate in excess of 25 per hour, reheating to a temperature within the range of 1600 to 1750 F., holding at such temperature for from fifteen minutes to eight hours, cooling to within the range of from 1250 to 1450 F. at a rate in excess of 25 per hour and holding in such range for from four to twenty-four hours.
4. A method of producing cold-deformable high chromium alloy steel containing between .5 and 1.25 per cent carbon, 10 to 16 per cent chromium, manganese in effective amounts up to 1.10 per cent, not over .25 per cent nickel and balance 4 substantially iron comprisin heating said alloy steel to a temperature within to F. below the melting range of the steel, holding at said temperature for between fifteen minutes and four hours, rapidly cooling from such temperature to below 1000 F. at a rate of at least 50 per hour, heating to within the range of 1250 to 1500 F., holding in such range for a time between four and twenty-four hours, cooling to substantially room temperature at a rate in excess of 25 per hour, reheating to a temperature within the range of 1600 to 1750" F., holding at such temperature for from fifteen minutes to eight hours, cooling to within the range of from 1250 to 1450 F. at a rate in excess of 25 per hour and holding in such range for from four to twentyfour hours.
CARROLL G. HOFFMAN. JOHN M. KIEFER, JR.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,188,155 Payson Jan. 23, 1940 2,363,736 Lynn Nov. 28, 1944 OTHER REFERENCES Transactions of the American Society for Metals, vol. 28, 1940, pp. 306-322, published by the American Society for Metals, Cleveland, Ohio.
Tool Steels, Gill et al., p. 383, 1944, published by the American Society for Metals, Cleveland, Ohio.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US664694A US2486283A (en) | 1946-04-24 | 1946-04-24 | Heat-treatment for high carbon high chromium steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US664694A US2486283A (en) | 1946-04-24 | 1946-04-24 | Heat-treatment for high carbon high chromium steel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2486283A true US2486283A (en) | 1949-10-25 |
Family
ID=24667053
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US664694A Expired - Lifetime US2486283A (en) | 1946-04-24 | 1946-04-24 | Heat-treatment for high carbon high chromium steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2486283A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2685546A (en) * | 1952-01-05 | 1954-08-03 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method for reducing the permeability of alloys by hydrogen |
| US4263063A (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1981-04-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Process for stabilizing dimensions of duplex stainless steels for service at elevated temperatures |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2188155A (en) * | 1938-12-08 | 1940-01-23 | Crucible Steel Co America | Method of annealing steel |
| US2363736A (en) * | 1941-07-31 | 1944-11-28 | Rustless Iron & Steel Corp | Stainless steel process |
-
1946
- 1946-04-24 US US664694A patent/US2486283A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2188155A (en) * | 1938-12-08 | 1940-01-23 | Crucible Steel Co America | Method of annealing steel |
| US2363736A (en) * | 1941-07-31 | 1944-11-28 | Rustless Iron & Steel Corp | Stainless steel process |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2685546A (en) * | 1952-01-05 | 1954-08-03 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method for reducing the permeability of alloys by hydrogen |
| US4263063A (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1981-04-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Process for stabilizing dimensions of duplex stainless steels for service at elevated temperatures |
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