US2486089A

US2486089A - Time delay control

Info

Publication number: US2486089A
Application number: US706594A
Authority: US
Inventors: Charles T Zavales
Original assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corp
Current assignee: CBS Corp
Priority date: 1946-10-30
Filing date: 1946-10-30
Publication date: 1949-10-25
Anticipated expiration: 1966-10-25

Description

Oct. 25, 1949.

CT.ZAVALES TIME DELAY CONTROL Filed Oct. 50, 1946 AALL Patented Oct. 25, 1949 |TIME DELAY CONTROL Charles T. Zavales, Catonsville, Md., assignor to Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application October 30, 1946, Serial No. 706,594

(Cl. Z50-95) 7 Claims.

The present invention relates to X-ray apparatus and particularly to the proper timing of the motion of the Bucky grid as used therewith to prevent fogging and the appearance of grid lines on the resulting radiographic film.

It has long been known in the X-ray art that a Bucky grid will suppress secondary radiation given off by the boney structure of a patient which would otherwise cause fogging of the lm. Also, in order to prevent the grid itself from making grid lines on the film, it is essential that such grid be in motion at a uniform rate of speed during the entire preselected period of the X-ray exposure. Inasmuch as the time of exposure is variable by the customary timer employed, to adapt the exposure to the particular part of the anatomy to be radiographed, this means that regardless of the duration of exposure, from the shortest to the longest time range of the timer, the Bucky grid must be uniformly moving.

Since there is a time delay period following initiation of an exposure it has been customary to set the apparatus so that the Bucky grid starts its motion in timed relation with the exposure Withv such time delay taken into consideration. Previous to the present invention this has usually been accomplished by the provision of pneumatic or weighted relays which are supposed to trip the Bucky at the proper moment. The disadvantage of such structure resides in the fact that once set for a given grid the entire mechanism has to be readjusted for any other grid. Aside from this the mechanism itself too readily gets out of adjustment even with a given grid because a pneumatic relay is subject to variations in temperature and a weighted relay to vibrations, which tends to disturb its adjustment.

It is accordingly the object of the present invention to provide a Bucky release time delay control which is accurate and dependable under all conditions of operation.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of a Bucky release time control which assures movementof the grid at auniform rate of speed before the X-ray exposure can be initiated.

A further object of the present invention is the provision of a Bucky release time control wherein such control is effective electronically.

Still further objects of the present invention will become obvious to those skilled in the art by reference to the accompanying drawing wherein the single ligure is a schematic illustration of a Bucky release time delay control constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Referring now to the drawing in detail a rotary anode X-ray tube 5 is shown which receives high potential unidirectional electrical energy through a full-wave rectifying arrangement 6 from the secondary winding 'I of a high voltage transformer 8, with the mid-point of the secondary winding being grounded at 9. The primary winding II) of this high tension transformer 8 is energized from appropriate taps of an auto-transformer I2, the latter in turn receiving electrical energy from a source of the customary commercial potential LI and L2, upon closure of a main line switch I 3 and an X-ray exposure relay I4, depending on the operation of an igniter control I5 for periods of time as preselected by a timer I6 Inasmuch as the igniter control I 5 per se forms no part of the present invention nor does the timer I6, it is believed unnecessary that the same be herein described in detail. It should suiiice to say that they both may be of the type as shown and described in Patent No. 2,316,566, issued April 13, 1943, to J. M. Constable and Roger W. Stamm and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention. It Will be noted, however, that since the igniter control I5 is in series with one of the supply conductors L2 for the auto-transformer I2, it controls energization of the latter. Also, inasmuch as the timer I6 controls operation of the igniter control I5 they are associated with the X-ray tube 5 in such manner as to control energization thereof for periods of time as selected by the timer I6.

A relay Il is provided which has a pair of normally closed contacts I8 and a pair of normally opened contacts I 9, with the contacts I8 connecting a terminal 20 (and constituting a tap on a control auto-transformer not shown and supplying about 200 volts) to one side of a clutch magnet, indicated by the legend To clutch magnet, within the timer i6. The timer motor, as indicated by the legend To motor, is connected by a conductor 22 to an auto-transformer terminal 23 and constituting the grounded or zero tap, while the other side of the motor is connected to a volt auto-transformer terminal 24 by a conductor A25. Accordingly the Timer motor runs continuously so long as the control auto-transformer is energized. It will also be noted that conductor 22, extending from the zero tap on the control auto-transformer to one side of the timer motor, branches so as to extend to one of the contacts I9 of relay II and to one side of a switch, indicated by the legend To switch within the timer I6, and from this timer switch a conductor 26 extends to one end of the winding of relay I1.

The time delay control for the Bucky, shown as a vertical grid 21, comprises an indirectlyheated-cathode type of rectifier tube VI, a voltage regulator type tube V2 and a cold cathode grid glow tube V3. The thermionic cathode of tube VI receives heating current from a 4 volt tap 28 on the control auto-transformer through a pair of normally closed

contacts

29 and 30 of a relay 32. Theplate of tube VI is adapted to be connected by the contacts of a relay 33 to a 200 Volt tap on the control auto-transformer, while the cathode of tube VI is connected through a capacitor CI to the zero tap 23 of the control auto-transformer.

Upon the cathode of tube VI reaching proper operating temperature (relay 33 having been energized upon closure of mainline switch I3), tube VI accordingly becomes conductive and charges capacitor CI. Voltage regulator tube V2 is connected across the output circuit of capacitor CI through the winding of relay 32 which provides sufficient resistance to limit the current passing through tube V2, and resistor 34 and capacitor 35 are shunted across tube V2 to control the voltage across tube V2. Accordingly, upon capacitor CI becoming charged, the voltage of the latter is applied across tube V2, causing this tube to become conductive with iiow of current through the winding of relay 32. The armature of relay 32 is thus raised which closes a pair of normally open contacts 36 and at the same time opening normally closed

contacts

29 and 30. This causes contact 29 to engage a contact 31 connected at a 6 volt tap 38 on the control auto-transformer raising the temperature of the cathode of tube VI with an attendant increase in current flow through tube VI. The foregoing also functions as a safety feature since it serves as a suicient time delay which assures the Bucky control being conditioned only for operation even should the operator depress the spring biased exposure switch 39 beforehand, as the latter will have no effect until contacts 36 are closed and this will not occur until tube VI is conducting and relay 32 is energized. Moreover, such time delay assures the heating of the laments of all tubes to proper electron emitting temperature before the application of full voltage to the tubes.

Such having occurred the spring biased exposure switch 39 then becomes eiective or is then depressed which engages a contact 40 connected by a conductor 42 to one side of the winding of relay I4 and also to the motor of rotary anode X-ray tube 5. Since the other side of the anode motor, as well as the remaining end of the winding of relay I4, is connected by a branched conductor 43 to the zero tap 23 of the control autotransformer, both the relay I4 and motor of X- ray tube are accordingly energized, through a circuit extending from auto-transformer tap 24, closed relay contacts 36, closed switch blade 39 and contact 40, through conductor 42 to winding of relay I4 and motor of X-ray tube 5, and thence back to zero tap 23 by means of conductor 43. This accordingly conditions the autotransformer I2 together with the high voltage net-work ready for operation upon operation of the igniter timing circuit.

At the same time depression of exposure switch 39 also engages a further contact 44 which is connected to a branched conductor 45 extending to one side of the winding of relay I1 and to one side of the clutch magnet, as well as to one of a pair of normally open contacts 46 of a quick acting D. C. relay 41 and to one end of the winding of a further relay 48. Thus complete depression of exposure switch 39 simultaneously causes energization of the clutch magnet within the timer I6 and relay 48. This energizing circuit accordingly extends from auto-transformer tap 24, through now closed contacts 36, switch blade 39 and contact 44 to conductor 45, one branch of which extends to winding of relay 48 and thence to the zero tap 23 and the other branch of which extends to one end of the winding of relay I1 and then to the clutch magnet, thence from the latter through closed contacts I8 of relay I1 to the 200 volt tap 20.

Energization of the clutch magnet causes engagement of the timing mechanism with the continuously rotating motor within the timer I6. Operation of the timer I6 thus effects control of the gniter timing circuit I5 which, after the aforementioned time delay, initiates energization of auto-transformer I2 together with the high voltage net-work accompanied by the generation of X-rays from the X-ray tube 5. The switch within the timer I6 is provided to prevent re-enegization of the clutch magnet so long as the operator maintains switch 39 depressed and to this end the switch within the timer I6 is momentarily closed by the timing mechanism at the end of its cycle to energize the winding of relay I1. This energizing circuit extends from zero tap 23 and conductor 22 to the timer switch, thence to one end of the winding of relay I1 and since the remaining end of this winding is connected to the conductor 45, now carrying current from the volt auto-transformer tap 24 through the switch 39 as previously traced, the winding of relay I1 receives current raising its armature to open contacts I8 (to the clutch magnet) and closing contacts I9 to establish a self-holding circuit to its Winding independently of the switch within timer I6.

As previously mentioned there is a slight time delay in the operation of the igniter circuit once it is conditioned for operation by the clutch magnet and the timer I6. However, simultaneously with energization of relay I1 and the clutch magnet, by engagement of switch 39 with contact 44, the relay 48 is also energized which raises its armature to open normally closed contacts 49-50 and to close contacts 49-52. The output circuit from capacitor CI is now divided and includes, in addition to tube V2,A a variable resistance 53` for regulating the time delay and an additional capacitor C2. When capacitor C2 accordingly becomes charged to the ionizing potential of tube V3 it then discharges througha resistor 54 and across the grid and -cathode of tube V3 rendering the latter conductive. The plate circuit of tube V3 includes the winding of relay 41 which now is energized from the auto transformer tap 200, through switch 33, tube VI', winding of relay 32, contacts 49-52 of relay 48, to the winding of relay 41 and through tube V3 to the zero auto-transformer tap 23. Y

Relay 41 thus closes its contacts 46 which thn completes a circuit from conductor 45 (at the moment carrying ya potential of Ione sign), through a conductor 55 having a normally closed switch 56 interposed therein, to the winding of a Bucky release relay 51 and thence to the zero auto-transformer tap 23. Energization of release relay 51 accordingly starts the previously cocked vertical Bucky grid 21 in motion so that it is moving at a uniform rate of speed by the` time X-rays are generated by the X-ray tube 5 following the time delay caused by the igniter circuit upon depression of the exposure switch 39.

Upon expiration of the exposure as determined by the presetting `of the timer I6 which automatically interrupts the igniter circuit -I5, th-e operator then releases the exposure switch 39 thus deenergizing all the relays I4, I1, 41 and 48. Relay 48 accordingly drops its armature opening contacts 49-52 to deenergize relay 41 land again :closing contacts 49-5IL This extinguishes the discharge in :tube V3 and allows :any residual charge on capacitor C2 to leak olf through variable resistance 53. Upon opening of main line switch I3 relay 33 lopens its contacts thereby deenergizing relay 32 which opens its contacts 36 and causing contact 29 to disengage contact 31 and 'again engage contact 30 to lower the filament voltage of tube VI, with the entire apparatus then being in condition for another exposure or .a further exposure utilizing a horizontal Bucky grid (not shown) In the event the latter is desired the operator merely opens switch 56 in conductor 55, which interrupts the circuit to vertical Bucky release relay 51, and closes the switch 56 to ysubstitute a horizontal Bucky release relay 58 which operates in the identical manner as described respecting relay 51. It will also be noted that switch 56 is tied to a further double through switch 59 which simultaneously opens the circuit through variable resistance 53 and closes va circuit through another variable resistance 60 whereby the latter is effective for operation with operation of the horizontal Bucky grid in the same manner that variable resistance 53 is operable with operation of the vertical Bucky grid 21.

From the foregoing it will become obvious to those skilled in the ant ythat a Bucky release time delay is herein provided which assures that the Bucky grid is in motion at a uniform rate of speed prior to the emanation of any X-rays from the X-ray tube. Moreover, the time delay normally required for operation of the various elements of the apparatus vis fully compensated for regardless of the range of such time delay merely by the proper adjustment of the variable resistance 53 or 60 as the case may be and the selection of the size of the capaci-tor C2 to charge to the ionization `potential of tube V3. By utilizing a quick action D. C. relay energizable from a constant voltage source regulation of the time delay period is exceedingly accurate and precise so that the resulting radiographic lm is invariably free of grid lines, which would otherwise -occur in the labsence of the time delay herein provided by insuring movement of the grid at a uniform rate of speed during the entire period of the X-ray exposure.

Although one s-pecic embodiment of the present invention is herein provided it is to be understood that other modifications thereof may be made without ydeparting from the spirit Aand scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A Bucky release time delay control compris- Iing `a Bucky grid movable through the field of exposure of a sensitized lm =to Ia beam of radiations from an X-ray tube, means operable to cause energization of said X-ray tube for a preselected period of time and subject to an inherent time delay prior to actual energization of said X-ray tube, compensating means operable simultaneously with said X-ray tube energizing means and for a period of time corresponding to the time 6 delay in the operation of the latter before :actual energization of said X-ray tube including a source of electrical energy having a volt-age regulator tube connected thereto for maintaining the application of a constant voltage to said compensating means, and means operable by said compensating means at a preselected moment to cause movement of said Bucky grid at a uniform rate of speed during the entire time of actual energization of said X-ray tube.

2. A Bucky release time delay control comprising a Bucky grid movable through the :ueld of exposure of a sensitized lm to a .beam of radiations from an X-ray tube, means operable to cause energization of said X-ray tube for a preselected period of time and subject to an inherent time delay prior to actual energization of said X-ray tube, compensating means operable simultaneously with said X-ray tube energizing means and for 4a period of time corresponding to the time delay in the operation of the latter before actual energization of said X-ray tube including a source of electrical energy together with a rectifier tube connected to lsaid source for producing unidirectional current flow ito said compensating means, and means operable by said compensating means at a preselected moment to cause movement of said Bucky grid at ya uniform rate of speed during the entire time of actual energization of said X-ray tube.

3. A Bucky release time delay control comprising a Bucky grid movable through the field of exposure of a sensitized film to a beam of radiations from an X-ray tube, means operable to cause energization of said X-ray tube for a pre-selected period of time and subject to an inherent time delay prior to actual energization of said X-ray tube, compensating means operable simultaneously with said X-ray tube energizing means and for a period of time corresponding to the time delay in the operation of the latter before actual energization of said X-ray tube including a source of electrical energy together with a rectier tube for producing unidirectional current flow and a voltage regulator tube for maintaining the application of a constant voltage unidirectional current from said source to said compensating means, and means operable by said compensating means at a preselected moment to cause movement of said Bucky grid at a uniform rate of speed during the entire time of actual energization of said X-ray tube.

4. A Bucky release time delay control comprising a Bucky grid movable through the field of exposure of a sensitized lm to a beam of radiations from an X-ray tube, means operable to cause energization of said X-ray tube for a preselected period of time and subject to an inherent time delay prior to actual energization of said -ray tube, compensating means operable simultaneously with said X-ray tube energizing means and including an energy storage means together with a variable resistance adjustable to cause operation for a period of time corresponding to the time delay in the operation of said X-ray tube energizing means before actual energization of said X-ray tube, and means operable by said compensating means at a preselected moment to cause movement of said Bucky grid at a uniform rate of speed during the entire time of actual energization of said X-ray tube.

5. A Bucky release time delay control comprising a Bucky grid movable through the field of exposure of a sensitized film to a beam of radiations from an X-ray tube, means operable to cause energization of said X-ray tube for a preselected period of time and subject to an inherent time delay prior to actual energization of said X-ray tube, compensating means operable simultaneously with said X-ray tube energizing means and including a Variable resistance and a capacitor adapted to be charged according to the setting of said variable resistance to cause operation of said compensating means for a period of time corresponding to the time delay in the operation of said X-ray tube energizing means before actual energization of said X-ray tube, and means operable by said compensating means at a preselected moment to cause movement of said Bucky grid at a uniform rate of speed during the entire time of actual energization of said X-ray tube.

6. A Bucky release time delay control comprising a Bucky grid movable through the field of exposure of a sensitized iilxn to a beam of radiations from an X-ray tube, means operable to cause energization of said X-ray tube for a preselected period of time and subject to an inherent time delay prior to actual energization of said X-ray tube, compensating means operable simultaneously with said X-ray tub-e energizing means and including a variable resistance and a capacitor adapted to be charged according to the setting of said variable resistance to cause operation of said compensating means for a period of time corresponding to the time delay in the operation of said X-ray tube energizing means before actual energization of said X-ray tube and said compensating means also including a rectifier tube for producing unidirectional current flow and a voltage regulator tube for maintaining the application of a constant Voltage unidirectional current to said compensating means; and means operable by said compensating means at a preselected moment to cause movement of said Bucky grid at a uniform rate of speed during the entire time of actual energization of said X-ray tube.

'7. A Bucky release time delay control comprising a Bucky grid movable through the eld of exposure of a sensitized lm to a beam of radiations from an X-ray tube, means operable to cause energization of said X-ray tube for a preselected period of time and subject to an inherent time delay prior to actual energization of said X-ray tube, compensating means operable simultaneously with said X-ray tube energizing means and for a period of time corresponding to the time delay in the operation of the latter before actual energization of said X-ray tube including a source of electrical energy and a tube having a critical Voltage breakdown characteristic connected to said source and operable after the lapse of the time delay to cause current iiow from said source and through said tube, and means operable by breakdown of said tube and the flow of current therethrough at a preselected moment to cause movement of said Bucky grid at a uniform rate of speed during the entire time of actual energization of said X-ray tube.

CHARLES T. ZAVALES.

REFERENCES CTED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,484,663 Mutscheller Feb. 26, 1924 2,136,116 Mowry Nov. 8, 1938 2,145,868 Fischer Feb. '7, 1939 2,316,566 Constable et al Apr. 13, 1943 2,401,289 Morgan et al. May 28, 1946 2,419,340 Easton Apr. 22, 1947