US2485205A - Method for the continuous production of soap - Google Patents

Method for the continuous production of soap Download PDF

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Publication number
US2485205A
US2485205A US672083A US67208346A US2485205A US 2485205 A US2485205 A US 2485205A US 672083 A US672083 A US 672083A US 67208346 A US67208346 A US 67208346A US 2485205 A US2485205 A US 2485205A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
soap
emulsion
saponification
solution
lye
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Expired - Lifetime
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US672083A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lachampt Felix Lucien
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Union Francaise Commerciale et Industrielle
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Union Francaise Commerciale Et Industrielle Sa
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
    • C11D13/02—Boiling soap; Refining
    • C11D13/04—Continuous methods therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention has for its object a novel process which is based on increasing the rate of saponification by increasing the contact area between the fatty materials to be saponified-and the alkaline lye by producing an emulsion of the water-in-oil type between said reagents.
  • the applicant has been able to restrict the operative conditions of the above-mentioned process between narrower limits.
  • the novelty of the improved continuous process lies in the fact that the starting temperature of the saponification reaction is the lowest possible consistent with the necessity of melting the fat to be saponified. Practically, such temperature is, within a 2 Comargin, the same as the solidifying temperature of the fats used.
  • the novel process which forms an object of this invention, comprises also a continuous and automatic control of the progress of the saponifying reaction.
  • the first control is achieved by continuously dissolving a small portion of the soap in 4 to 7 parts of boiling distilled water.
  • the accidental presence of free glycerides or of non-saponifiable materials is enough to cause cloudiness, the appearance of which detected by optical means is operative through the action of a photo-electric cell to stop the operation of the saponifying apparatus.
  • the second control mentioned above is obtained by means of an indicator, the colourchange in which controls the stopping of the saponifying apparatus through the medium of a photoelectric. cell responsive to such colour change.
  • the total duration of the manufacturing process from the beginning to the cutting of the cake of soap may be within 5 hours.
  • Fig. 1 is a general diagrammatic view of the plant
  • Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic side-view of the de- 3 vice for controlling the presence of non-saponified products
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of the device of Fig. 2.
  • the previously melted tallow is introduced into a tank I which may be heated by means of a steam coil.
  • the tallow is kept at a temperature of 45 C., slightly in excess of its solidification temperature.
  • the alkaline lye is introduced at a concentration which is sufiicient to obtain, after saponification, a soap which is present in the liquid phase thereof having the highest soap concentration, such concentration of the lye being for example 40% NaOH.
  • Conducts 3 and 4 respectively lead the melted tallow and the alkaline lye to a feeding and metering device 5.
  • This feeder comprises two volumetric pumps 6 and I having an adjustable It will be understood that the 7 feed of lye and tallow could be efiected by any length of stroke.
  • this chamber 8 there occurs a first rough mixing of the product, the proportions thereof being approximately the following.
  • An agitator 9 makes it possible to make the mix sufliciently homogeneous without however permitting the saponification reaction to set in be- V fore the following homogenizing operation.
  • the saponifying apparatus proper which comprises a homogenizer l0 and a reaction chamber ll provided With an agitator and heating means.
  • the homogenizer is constituted by a colloidal mill of the Premier Mill type. It is in this colloidal mill that the desired emulsion of the water-in-oil type. is formed. It should be noted that this emulsion is formed at a low temperature (45 C.) and that it is homogenized before the saponification reaction sets in. This reaction is only brought about in the chamber ll after the very finely subdivided emulsion obtained at the discharge of the colloidal mill has entered said chamber. 7
  • the start of the reaction is brought about in this chamber by contact with the hot portion l2 of the walls thereof.
  • the walls are heated to a temperature approximating 100 C. by indirect heat generated by steam circulating around the chamber without penetrating into it.
  • the reaction will proceed without the necessity of supplying heat from an external source as a result of the exothermic character thereof.
  • the emulsion which is initially whitish in colour, is converted into an homogeneous translucid mass while the temperature throughout said mass rises to 100 C. Saponification is then completed and the soap is discharged in the form of neat soap at the lower; end of chamber H to the washing ma- 4 chines which are to free it of the glycerol contained therein.
  • each washing stage comprises a tank such as tanks 7'0, r1, T2, and m, a mixing and metering device such as me, m1, m2, and m3 and a static separator or settling device such as $0, s1, s2, and 83.
  • the soap discharged from the separator 52 is already purified and almost entirely free of glycerol but is still strongly salted.
  • the salt content of the soap in equilibrium with the brine depends on the salt content of the brine; practically, said salt content also depends on the conditions in which the continuous separation of the soap from the lye is operated. Experimental runs have shown that, after two washing steps carried out with a 12% crude sodium chloride solution, the tallow soap contains about 2.5% salt.
  • Said soap is freed from the salt by effecting, for example, two washing operations by means of a 12% NaOH lye, which frees said soap from its salt but adds sodium hydrate thereto, so that the soap discharged from the separator 80 is practically free of salt but rich in sodium hydrate.
  • the path of travel of the lye from F to a sodium hydrate storage tank G is indicated by arrows drawn in dashes.
  • the alkaline soap thus obtained is treated by a certain amount of cocoa-nut fat, for example, contained in a tank 6 and sufficient to take up,
  • This saponification may be effected at a high temperature without there being cause to fear a breaking up of the emulsion because of the high soap content of this emulsion.
  • seven parts of the soap containing 2.8% NaOI-I for one part of copra fat were treated, the alkaline content of the soap thereby being reduced to 0.2%.
  • the soap thus produced is completely or partly neutralized either by a buffer mixture contained in a tank 6 or by a fatty acid in free or emulsified condition, or by free or dispersed rosin or by silica or by any other neutralizing product or mixture of products enabling a suitable soap product to be obtained.
  • the soap discharged from the apparatus is,
  • the output of the apparatus is adjusted in such a way as to provide, at the discharge end B,- a continuous discharge of completely treated soap.
  • the control for non-saponified fat is effected, for example, at s at the discharge from the saponification chamber 1 I.
  • Such control is made by detecting any cloudiness, which may appear'in a continuously formed solution of the soap to be controlled, provided in the ratio of one part soap for four parts boiling water. in said solution, is caused by the presence of non-saponified glycerides or of non-saponifiable products.
  • a detectable cloudiness or haze appears whenever a quantity of non-saponified matter in excess of 0.05% is present in the soap. Accordingly, in order to achieve saponification control, a continuous stream of soap is drawn out and dissolved in four to seven'parts of boiling distilled water.
  • This solution is continuously carried out in a bent tube forming a sinuous path, the length of which is selected so as to provide sufilcient time for the solution to form (see Fig. 2).
  • the length of the tube and the rate of flow of the soap and f the water are determined in such a way as to complete the solution in one minute, for example.
  • This solution enters a cylindrical glass tank l6 havin two lateral pipe connections I! and I8, one being provided as a fluid inlet and the other as a fluid outlet.
  • This tank has walls, shown hatched in the drawing, which are outwardly blackened or covered with a dark material and is laterally lighted from a source of light S and a photoelectric cell P is juxtaposed to the control tank l6 so that, if the solution is optically clear, no light ray can reach the cell, whereas the slightest amount of difiusion of light within the liquid, such as may be caused by any haze, is sufilcient to cause the cell to be illuminated and may therefore, by means of a suitable device, cause the colloidal mills of the saponifying apparatuses to stop operating.
  • the brine washing operation (the object of which is to provide an economic process for reclaiming the glycerol) could also be eliminated and the alkali washing treatment could directly be resorted to.
  • the washing stages could be varied or other devices than those shown could be conceived therefor.
  • the brines and lyes used for the various washing operations could have their concentrations variable within very wide limits depending upon the fats used but ranging from concentrations slightly below the critical concentration defined above (in which case however leading to loss ofsoap) up to concentrations such that the soap in equilibrium with the electrolyticalsolutions would become partially dehydrated, thus causing solid curds to' appear and forming what sometimes is known as curd soap.
  • the concentrations which may be used for theelectrolytical solutions in carrying out this invention are those for which the soap, in equilibrium with said solutions, will be found in the state of the liquid phase having the higher concentration or neat soap.
  • control of non-saponified matter could also be carried out by means of a photo-electric cell serving to detect the absorption, as caused by any haze, of a light ray passing through a tube filled with a soapy solution which is prepared as described above.
  • An improved process for the continuous ,manufacture of soap comprising forming an Gil narrow band across the sheet of soap spread upon the rollers; a pencil of light rays falls on the thus moistened area of the soap and is refiected thereby into a photo-electric cell provided with a monochromatic blue screen, and this cell is operative to stop the operation of the colloidal mills in the event a red colouring should appear and thereby cause a substantial amount of absorption in the light normally incident into the cell.
  • An improved process for the continuous manufacture of soap comprising forming an emulsion of the type Water in oil between fatty glyceridic materials and an alkaline lye having a concentration of caustic soda to produce soap in the neat phase so that the quantity of soda placed in reaction is about 1 to 2% above the quantity necessary for complete saponification of said fatty materials, said emulsion being formed at a temperature slightly above the melting temperature of said fatty materials, homogenizing said emulsion into fine particles, conducting said homogenized emulsion continuously through a saponification chamber, starting the saponification at the entrance of said chamber by heating said emulsion momentarily to about 100 C. and
  • An improved process for the continuous manufacture of soap comprising forming an emulsion of the type water in oil between fatty glyceridic materials and an alkaline lye concentrated to about 40% of caustic soda and containing a quantity of soda slightly above that which is necessary for a complete saponification of said fatty materials, said emulsion being formed at a low temperature, homogenizing said em'ulsion into fine particles, starting the saponification reaction by a momentary heating of said emulsion and then relying upon the exothermic heat developed to complete the reaction to form neat soap, circulating the neat soap thus obtained continuously, washing said neat soap with a solution formed from a substance taken from a class consisting of sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide solutions and a mixture thereof at about 100 C., said solution having a concentration approximating the critical concentration below which said solution may still dissolve the soap, and then finally neutralizing the free alkali contained in the soap by a neutralizing agent.
  • An improved process for continuously manufacturing soap comprising forming an emulsion of the type water in oil between fatty glyceridic materials and an alkaline lye concentrated to about 40% caustic soda containing a quantity of soda slightly above that necessary for complete saponification of said fatty materials, said emulsion being formed at low temperature and then homogenized to fine particles, starting the saponification reaction by amomentary heating of said emulsion and then relying upon the exothermic heat to form neat soap circulating the neat soap obtained continuously, -washing said neat soap with a solution formed from a substance taken from a class consisting of sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide solutions and a mixture thereof of about C., said solution having a concentration approximating the critical concentration below which said solution may still dissolve the soap and then mixing with the soap a fat to be saponified by the free alkali.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
US672083A 1943-08-27 1946-05-24 Method for the continuous production of soap Expired - Lifetime US2485205A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR946746 1943-08-27

Publications (1)

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US2485205A true US2485205A (en) 1949-10-18

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US672083A Expired - Lifetime US2485205A (en) 1943-08-27 1946-05-24 Method for the continuous production of soap

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US2485205A (is")
BE (1) BE463095A (is")
CH (1) CH260580A (is")
FR (1) FR946746A (is")
GB (1) GB644358A (is")
LU (1) LU28414A1 (is")
MY (1) MY5300020A (is")
NL (1) NL82583C (is")

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2653958A (en) * 1948-07-17 1953-09-29 Union Francais Commerciale Et Method for the continuous purification of soap
DE1069319B (is") * 1959-11-19

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE512763A (is") * 1949-12-23

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1831610A (en) * 1930-03-19 1931-11-10 George E Mccreery Manufacture of soap
US1905251A (en) * 1931-06-27 1933-04-25 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Self compensating light control
US1994768A (en) * 1932-01-19 1935-03-19 Alfred L Holven Turbidity control apparatus and system
US2146661A (en) * 1935-05-13 1939-02-07 Refining Inc Process of and apparatus for making soap
US2190592A (en) * 1937-12-04 1940-02-13 Clayton Benjamin Process of and apparatus for producing soap of desired moisture content
US2295366A (en) * 1938-09-27 1942-09-08 Coca Cola Co Inspection device
US2321947A (en) * 1941-04-23 1943-06-15 Sharples Corp Manufacture of soap
US2335457A (en) * 1942-03-06 1943-11-30 Sharples Corp Manufacture of soap
US2401756A (en) * 1943-12-04 1946-06-11 Ind Patents Corp Continuous soap process

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1831610A (en) * 1930-03-19 1931-11-10 George E Mccreery Manufacture of soap
US1905251A (en) * 1931-06-27 1933-04-25 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Self compensating light control
US1994768A (en) * 1932-01-19 1935-03-19 Alfred L Holven Turbidity control apparatus and system
US2146661A (en) * 1935-05-13 1939-02-07 Refining Inc Process of and apparatus for making soap
US2190592A (en) * 1937-12-04 1940-02-13 Clayton Benjamin Process of and apparatus for producing soap of desired moisture content
US2295366A (en) * 1938-09-27 1942-09-08 Coca Cola Co Inspection device
US2321947A (en) * 1941-04-23 1943-06-15 Sharples Corp Manufacture of soap
US2335457A (en) * 1942-03-06 1943-11-30 Sharples Corp Manufacture of soap
US2401756A (en) * 1943-12-04 1946-06-11 Ind Patents Corp Continuous soap process

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1069319B (is") * 1959-11-19
US2653958A (en) * 1948-07-17 1953-09-29 Union Francais Commerciale Et Method for the continuous purification of soap

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB644358A (en) 1950-10-11
LU28414A1 (is")
MY5300020A (en) 1953-12-31
CH260580A (fr) 1949-03-31
BE463095A (is")
FR946746A (fr) 1949-06-13
NL82583C (is")

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