US248468A - hyatt - Google Patents

Description

5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(ModeL) J. W. HYATTK FILTER.

. 248,468. Patented'Oot. 18,1881.

WITNESSES N. PETERS. Plvolmlnlmgrapbcn Wasllinglon ac.

(Model) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

J. W. HYATT.

FILTER.

No. 248,468. Patented Oct. 18,1881.

.it; v .a H M G 5 SheetsSheet 4.

(Model.)

J. W. I-IYATT.

FILTER.

Patented Oct. 18,- 1881.

Witn asses;

5 Sheets Sheet 5.

'(ModeL) J. W. I-IYATT.

FILTER.

. Patented Oct. 18,1881.

1 IIIIIIIL o mum) 27 403272 asses N. Puma Phchrhlllogmplmr. Washington D. l:

Uwrrao STATES ATENT Farce.

JOHN T. HYATI, OF NEWARK, NEIV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE NEIVARK FILTERING COMPANY,-OF SAME PLACE.

FILTER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 248,468, dated October 18, 1881.

Application filed May 28, 1881.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JoHN IV. HYATT, of Newark, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Filters, of which the following is a. specification, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings.

The invention relates to an improvement in filters, as hereinafter described and claimed.

Referring to the accompanying drawings,

Figure l is a top view of an apparatus embodying the elements of the invention. Fig. 2 is aside view of same, the lower part being in section. Figs. 3 and 4 are detached views,

referred to by letter hereinafter. Fig. 5 is a side view of a modified form of my invention, the lower portion illustrated in section. Fig. 6 is a top View of same. Figs. 7 and 8 are detached sectional views of anothermodified form of myinvention. Fig.9 is a top view, and Fig. 10 is a central vertical section of still another modified form of the invention.

In Figs. 1 and 2, A indicates the casing of the filter, which will preferably consist of a shell of boiler-iron, having heads 13 U riveted on the ends thereof and connected and sustained against excessive internal pressure by bolts D, passing through the filter vertically and retained by nuts on either end. The lower 0 head, 0, is in the present instance secured to the casing by the angle-iron E, and has formed upon its face a suitable number of ribs, F, adapted to strengthen the structure.

Upon each side of the casing A and con- 5 nected therewith by bolts Gr are the pipes H I,

which communicate with the interior of the filter at suitable points along its entire length by the ports J K. In the upper end of the pipe H is secured an inlet-pipe, L, and to the 0 upper end of the pipe I is connected a pipe,

M, by which the water, after it has passed through the filter, is discharged. The ports J K are elongated in form, as indicated in detached views, and are more particularly described hereinafter. In the outer side of the pipe H are supplied a number of hand-holes,

with their covers N, the purpose of which is also explained hereinafter.

The interior of the casing A is divided into any number of compartments, Osay tenby the horizontal metal disks or diaphragms P,

(Model) which extend entirely across the interior of the casing, and thus prevent any communication between the compartments, 7

Upon the upper surface of each disk I? and connecting with each port K, leading from the compartments 0 into the pipe I, is supplied a bridge, Q, formed of wire-cloth or analogous material, which will extend from the ports K p a suitable distance inward, and will be secured in any suitable manner. 7

Upon the side of the apparatus opposite to the bridges Q are arrangedthe extensions B, one passing from each inlet-port J inward in close relation to the under surface of each disk 1?. The extensions R will beformed ofthin metal of any suitable description, and will be perforated over their upper surface and ends.

In the vertical center of the apparatus is arranged a washer-pipe, T, which passes through the disks 1? and compartments 0, and has its lower end seated in the center ofthe head 0. In the upper part of each compartment 0 the pipe T is supplied with subordinate pipes or washers V radiating from the pipe T, and cont-ainiug perforations a along their lower surface. The upper portion of the pipe T passes upward through the packing-box W and a suitable distance above the apparatus, where it is provided with a lever, wheel, or other appliance by which it may be turned when desired. The pipes V will have a double bond or curve, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1, so that when the pipe T is rotated the pipes V, (in this instance, the illustration showing four of them,) may each make a full one-quarter revolution, the bends or curves at the end of each movement fitting around the bolts or rods 1), with which they come in contact. If the bends or curves were not supplied, a portion of the filter-beds, hereinafter described, could not be traversed and cleaned by the pipes V.

In each compartment 0 the rods D are inclosed by sleeves X, (shown in section in the lower part of Fig. 2, and in dotted lines in the 5 remaining parts of the figure,) which sleeves retain the disks .P in proper relation to each other, and serve to resist the strain upon them exerted by the weight of the filter-beds.

Upon the central portion of each disk P, and 1 oc surrounding the washer-pipe T, is placed a cup, Y, the bottom of which contains an aperture through which the pipe T passes, but the edges of which are slightly separated from the surface of the pipe.

Within the cups Y and closely encircling the pipe T are the sleeves Z, the base ot'which snugly fit around the pipe T and extend outward from the same over a portion of the cup Y, while their vertical port-ion is counterbored or beveled down ward and inward, and provided on one side with a slot, (1, in which a pin, 0, passes from the pipe T.

The object of the cup Y and sleeve Z is to prevent the sand or other material of which the filter-beds will be composed from packing around the pipe T at the base of each compartment 0, and from working down between the pipe and the edges of the disk P, whereby the.

proper movement of the pipe T is insured.

In each compartment will be placed beds of filtering material, having upper surfaces or layers in granular form, which will cover the entire surface of the disks 1, and fill the compartments nearly up to the washer-pipes V. In the base of each compartment I place, prefer ably, three layers of gravel of different grades, the coarser being at the bottom. The upper layer of gravel will be sifted, and contain about, say, one (1) part of Portland or other suitable cement to ten parts, by weight, of the gravel, whereby a porous bed of a very desirable nature for filters is produced.

Upon the porous bed is placed a layer or bed of sand or other suitable material in reduced or granular form, the sand being filled nearly up to the pipes V. In the compartments 0 the filter-beds will cover the bridges Q and the entire upper surface of the disks P.

In building the apparatus the parts will have to be arranged beginning at the base, and the proper steps to be followed will be readily understood without explanation.

The porous bed, hereinbefore described, prevents the sand from entering the bridges Q and escaping with the water.

The purpose of having the apertures in the upper part of the extensions It is to avoid the entrance of water disturbing the sand or filterbeds.

In the lower end of the pipe H is attached an outlet-pipe, p, which is to serve as an escape for the water used in cleansing the filterbeds.

By removing the covers N the extensions may be withdrawn and replaced at will, and the attendant is thereby enabled to add additional sand to the filter-beds.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: The water to be filtered enters the pipe L, whence it passes into the pipe H and through the extensions R into the compartments 0, after which it passes through the filter-beds and out of the compartments by way of the bridges Q into the pipe I, by which it is conducted away.

The filter-beds may be cleansed by reversing the current of water through the apparatus either alone or in connection with the operation of the washer-pipe T, but the preferred method of cleaning them is as follows: I close the inlet and outlet pipes L M and open the outlet 1), and then admit water, either from a filtered or unfiltered supply, under pressure, to the washer-pipe T, at the same time giving the pipe one or more revolutions. The water passes through the pipe T into the shorter pipes V, and thence out into the filter-beds in the form ofjets. When the pipe T is revolved the jets of water are caused to travel over the entire surface of the filter-beds, whereby the elements thereof are thoroughly agitated, and any silt'or other matter deposited therein is caused to pass off through the extensions R, pipe H, and outlet p. Two or three revolutions of the pipe T will suffice to wash the filter-beds, after which the washer-pipe supply is cut off and the operation of filtering is proceeded with as before.

In the foregoing description I have explained my invention as embodied in a filter formed of boiler-iron or of an outer casing subdivided into smaller compartments. I do not wish to limit myself, however, to an apparatus of this nature, since the essential features of the invention can be incorporated in a filter composed of cast-iron sections united to complete the construction by tie-rods, as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. In this apparatus, which is a modification of that shown in the preceding figures of the drawings, B represents the castiron sections arranged (in a vertical filter) one upon the other, until a device of the desired capacity has been constructed. The series of sections B is supplemented by heads 0, one on each end, which are connected by the tie-rods D, whereby the sections are held in position. Each section B consists of the vertical rim or barrel E, horizontal diaphragm F, and the sections of pipe G, the latter being upon opposite sides of the rim E. The diaphragms F have corresponding central apertures, H, in which is placed the vertical washer-pipe I, having, in the upper part.- of the spaces J, between the diaphragms, the short arms or pipes a, supplied with apertures along their lower sides to permit the escape of the water in jets. The pipe I extends above the apparatus, and is connected with a suitable water-supply, and is provided with a worm and pinion, wheel, crank, or other device, whereby it may be given a rotary movement. WVithin each space J the pipe I is inclosed by the short sections of tubing d, the lower ends of which are externally threaded and are secured in position by engaging the female thread formed in the diaphragms around the central apertures, H, and also by the lock-nut e, screwed or driven firmly down against the said diaphragms'. The sections of tubing extend upward in near relation to the pipes a, and are employed as a. means of separating the elements of the filterbeds from the central pipe, I. The lower head,

G, will preferably be supplied with strength- IIS ening-ribs f, indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 6. When the parts B are united to form the apparatus the sections of pipe G come together and form the continuous inlet-pipe L and outlet-pipe M, which connect with each space or compartment J by the ports the. p

The diaphragms F have a corrugated upper surface, upon which are'placed sheets of wirecloth or pieces of perforated sheet-metal N. The wire-cloth covers the entire upper surface of the diaphragms F, and is retained in place, in the present instance, by the hoop of wire P, which closely hugs the walls of the apparatus.

The corrugations a in the diaphragms may be arranged in any suitable manner which will permit the water which enters them to pass to the outlet-ports m. One efficient method of forming the corrugations is to cast them in concentric rings or circles, the latter being crossed by grooves which lead to the outlet ports. According to this construction a communication may be established between all the rings and the outlet-ports.

In lieu of casting the corrugations a in the diaphragms F, the latter may be made smooth and then receive a coating or bed of some suitable cement, which, before becoming hard, may be corrugated upon its upper surface by a mold or otherwise. This method of producin g the corrugated surface has the advantage of not only being inexpensive,but the cement preserves the diaphragm from rust.

From the inlet-portslthe extensionsR pass inward, and are, at present, secured in place by the projections on the hand-hole covers 1?, as indicated in Fig. 6,butthey may be retained in position in various ways.

The outlet-ports m are protected by the bridges Q, which pass inward upon the upper surface of each diaphragm F and have the lower edges of their sides tcalloped, asat w, whereby the water flowing through the corrugations a may enter beneath the bridges and escape through the ports on. The bridges Q will be covered with a wire-cloth or porous bed, so as to prevent the escape with the water of the finer elements of the filter-beds.

Upon the sheets of wire-cloth or upon the porous beds are placed beds of sand, R, or other material in reduced or granular form, which will fill the compartments J nearly up to the upper edge of the sleeves or sections of tubing (1.

The operation of this modified form of apparatus is the same in all essential respects as that above set forth; and it is obvious that the parts of the two constructions might be interchanged without atfecting the operation of either.

In Figs. 7 and 8 I show another modification of the invention, which consists in forming the inlet and outlet pipes and their ports of cast-iron, the diaphragms 1 of boiler-iron, and the barrel or rim of two semi-cylindrical sections, 2, of boiler-iron. The sections 2 will be connected with the cast-iron pipes so as to form the complete cylinder. In constructing a filter composed of a number of these sections arranged side by side or upon each other, leaden gaskets 3 will be placed between them to make aclosejoint.

It will be desirable in some instances, especially where a low pressure is employed, to construct the filter-casingot wood, andin Figs. 9 and 10 I illustrate a filter of this description, the same being merely a modified form of the filters described in the preceding parts of this specification. This construction will be clearly understood without a detailed description. The wooden sections 4 are supplemented with cast-iron heads 5, and are provided with cast iron inlet and outlet pipes 6. The diaphragms 7 separating the filter-beds areof boiler-iron, and have upon them corrugated beds of cement 8, upon which are placed sheets of wire cloth, 9.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A filter-bed, one layer of which consists of gravel or material of an analogous character, the elements of which are united by hydraulic lime to form a homogeneous mass of porous material, above which is placed a layer or layers of material in reduced or granular form, the particles of which are smaller than those of which the lower layer is composed, substantially as set forth.

2. A filtering apparatus consisting of a casing having heads on its ends and connected by rods passing through the apparatus, the casing containing one or more compartments having a bed or beds of filtering material and inlet and outlet ports, the apparatus being provided with the washer-pipe T and subordinate pipes V, the rods or pipes being curved or bent so as to permit them to be moved over the entire surface of the filtering medium, substantially as set forth.

3. The filter consisting of the casing divided into a number of compartments, each containing a filter-bed of material in reduced or granular form, and each having an inlet by the extension R from a supply-pipe and an outlet through the bridge Q, into a common deliverypipe, the extension B being above the filterbed and the bridge Q within or beneath the same, substantially as set forth.

4. A filter-bed composed of the corrugated base F, the wire-cloth or analogous material and the bed R of material in reduced or granular form, in combination with the extension R and bridge Q, substantially as set forth.

5. A filter-bed composed of a corrugated base of hydraulic mortar, the wire-cloth or analogous material, and an upper bed of sand or other material in reduced or granular form, substantially as set forth.

6. A filtering apparatus consisting of two or moreindependentcompartmeats provided with inlet and outlet ports connected with common supply and delivery pipes, the compartments having solid floors and containing horizontal IIO beds of filtering matcrialin granular for111,tl|e provement in filters, as above described, I inlet-port being above the plane of the top of have hereunto set my hand this 27th day of the bed and the outlet-port below such plane, April, 1881.

the ports being protected to prevent the es JOHN TV. HYA'IT. 5 cape of the material when agitated, substznr W'itnesses:

tially as set forth. CHAS. O. GILL,

In testimony that 1 claim the foregoing im- DAVID FACKNER.

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