US2483971A - Antistain baths for sensitive color photographic material - Google Patents
Antistain baths for sensitive color photographic material Download PDFInfo
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- US2483971A US2483971A US786808A US78680847A US2483971A US 2483971 A US2483971 A US 2483971A US 786808 A US786808 A US 786808A US 78680847 A US78680847 A US 78680847A US 2483971 A US2483971 A US 2483971A
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- antistain
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 Di-potassium mono-sodium ferricyanide Chemical compound 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ON WTDHULULXKLSOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-n,4-n-diethylbenzene-1,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 QNGVNLMMEQUVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001864 baryta Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J chrome alum Chemical compound [K]OS(=O)(=O)O[Cr]1OS(=O)(=O)O1 OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- RSAZYXZUJROYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indophenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1N=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 RSAZYXZUJROYKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJDUTMFFZHIJEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)-4-[4-[[4-[4-[(9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]phenyl]benzamide Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2NC(=O)C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1N=NC(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC2=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C2=O AJDUTMFFZHIJEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940100996 sodium bisulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001043 yellow dye Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C7/00—Multicolour photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents; Photosensitive materials for multicolour processes
- G03C7/30—Colour processes using colour-coupling substances; Materials therefor; Preparing or processing such materials
- G03C7/3046—Processing baths not provided for elsewhere, e.g. final or intermediate washings
Definitions
- Serial No. 786,808 a This invention relates to photographic antistain baths, to anti-stain baths employed in multi-color photography, and especially to nonstaining baths for the washing of multi-color photographic material following the bleaching and fixing treatment.
- the exposed film or exposed white opaque is first developed with a normal black and white developer to pro- After development, the black and white negative material, without being fixed, is exposed to general illumination, followed by a second development with a color-forming developer. During the first and second development, the silver-halides in all the layers are reduced to metallic silver. After the second development, the material is cleared in running water, hardened in an aqueous solution consisting of either alumor potassium chrome, and then washed in running water.
- the silver present in all the layers formed during the first and second development is converted into a saltby any of the known silver-salt formers, commonly known as bleaching baths, and the silver salt thus formed is then removed by dissolving it in a silver-salt solvent such as, for example, hypo.
- a silver-salt solvent such as, for example, hypo.
- the material is then washed for a long period of time and then dried.
- the concentration of the boric acid may vary from as little-as 0.01% to 1%. Amounts higher than 1% give little improvement in stain prevention from a practical standpoint and, accordingly, concentrations ranging from between 0.05% to 0.5% are most desirable.
- the photographic multi-layer materials which may be processed with the anti-stain bath of the present invention, are color reversible film, color negative film, color reversible printing material coated on a white opaque base, and color paper, irrespective of whether the dyestufi images are produced with color-formers present in the emulsion or by a selective seond exposure followed by color development.
- the color reversible film consists of an integral tripack emulsion coated on the usual clear cellulose acetate or nitrate film base.
- Each of the emulsions are sensitized to one of the primary colors of light; namely, blue, green, and red. 'The top layer is blue sensitive.
- Each of the three silver-halide emulsion layers vcontain dyeforming compounds which unite during the development of silver image in an aromatic amine developing agent to form a dye with the oxidation productof the developing agent, or may be free from color-formers, in which case the film is processed with the color-formers in the color developers by the selective second exposure and color development method as described in United States Patents 1,897,866; 1,900,870; 1,928,709 and 1,980,941.
- the color negative film is made up in the same manner as the color reversible film,
- the color reversible white opaque material is prepared in the same manner as color reversible film and the color negative film, with the exception that the base consists of an opaque white film.
- the color paper is also constructed in the same manner as the color reversible film and the color negative film,
- the emulsion is coated on a baryta coated paper base.
- Thefilm was washed for 2 minutes in running water at 68 F., and then color developed for 15 minutes. at 63 F., ina developer of the following composition:
- the hardened film was washed for 5: minutes im runninglwater at 685" F.
- the washed material was then treated with a bleach bath of the following: composition:
- the two 4" x 5" sheets of color paper were developed for 8 minutes. at 68 F. in a developer oil the following; compositions p-Aminodiethylaniline'HCL gramsz- 3,25 Sodium sulfite do 20 ⁇ Sodium carbonate"; do Potassium bromide do" I; Hydroxylamine HCl do; 2 Water to make up liter' 1
- the developed film: was shortstoppedlfor'fiimim utes-at 68 F1 in a batliof the fo'llowing, composi-- tion: 1
- Example-I was repeated with-theexceptionthat the final rinse bath was a .01 solutionof; bor-ic acid instead ofa 0.1%; solution Afterfixing and washing, the. color print rinsed. in plain. water. showed objectionable-stains, while the. print treat! ed with the boric acid solution wasclear andiunstained.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Description
duce a negative image.
Patented Oct. 4, 1949 UNITED STATES ANTISTAIN BATHS FOR SENSITI VE COLOR PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIAL Harold C. Harsh and James E. Bates, Binghamton, N. Y., assignors to General Aniline & Film. Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation .of
Delaware No Drawing. Application November 18, 1947,
Serial No. 786,808 a This invention relates to photographic antistain baths, to anti-stain baths employed in multi-color photography, and especially to nonstaining baths for the washing of multi-color photographic material following the bleaching and fixing treatment.
It is known that in the processing of multi-color reversible film and multi-color reversible film coated upon a white opaque support, the exposed film or exposed white opaque, is first developed with a normal black and white developer to pro- After development, the black and white negative material, without being fixed, is exposed to general illumination, followed by a second development with a color-forming developer. During the first and second development, the silver-halides in all the layers are reduced to metallic silver. After the second development, the material is cleared in running water, hardened in an aqueous solution consisting of either alumor potassium chrome, and then washed in running water. After the latter treatment, the silver present in all the layers formed during the first and second development is converted into a saltby any of the known silver-salt formers, commonly known as bleaching baths, and the silver salt thus formed is then removed by dissolving it in a silver-salt solvent such as, for example, hypo. The material is then washed for a long period of time and then dried.
Prior to the final washing operation it is essential that the residual second or color developer and bleach solutions be removed, otherwise stains will be formed during the drying operation, which are particularly noticeable in the white area. In order to prevent this staining, an extended'washing time in running water of from fifteen minutes to two hours, has been proposed.
Even if this proposal be adopted, stains are nevertheless formed after the drying operation. It is 1 Claim. (Cl. 95-88) 2 become more apparent as the description proceeds.
We have found that the above objects are accomplished by employing, as a final rinse bath, an aqueous solution containing a small quantity of boric acid. The concentration of the boric acid may vary from as little-as 0.01% to 1%. Amounts higher than 1% give little improvement in stain prevention from a practical standpoint and, accordingly, concentrations ranging from between 0.05% to 0.5% are most desirable.
The photographic multi-layer materials, which may be processed with the anti-stain bath of the present invention, are color reversible film, color negative film, color reversible printing material coated on a white opaque base, and color paper, irrespective of whether the dyestufi images are produced with color-formers present in the emulsion or by a selective seond exposure followed by color development. The color reversible film consists of an integral tripack emulsion coated on the usual clear cellulose acetate or nitrate film base. Each of the emulsions are sensitized to one of the primary colors of light; namely, blue, green, and red. 'The top layer is blue sensitive. A filter layer, yellow in color and blue absorbing, lies under the top layer. Below this filter layer, lies a green sensitive emulsion layer, and below this is a red sensitive emulsion layer. Each of the three silver-halide emulsion layers vcontain dyeforming compounds which unite during the development of silver image in an aromatic amine developing agent to form a dye with the oxidation productof the developing agent, or may be free from color-formers, in which case the film is processed with the color-formers in the color developers by the selective second exposure and color development method as described in United States Patents 1,897,866; 1,900,870; 1,928,709 and 1,980,941. The color negative film is made up in the same manner as the color reversible film,
with the exception that it may contain a layer of clear gelatin between the red sensitive layer and the green sensitive layer. The color reversible white opaque material is prepared in the same manner as color reversible film and the color negative film, with the exception that the base consists of an opaque white film. The color paper is also constructed in the same manner as the color reversible film and the color negative film,
with the exception that the emulsion is coated on a baryta coated paper base.
As silver is formed during development, it must be removed after color development by treatment in a bleach, followed by treatment in a bath of sodium thiosulfate according to usual practice. A yellow dye is formed in the blue sensitive emulsion; a magenta dye is formed in the green sensitive emulsion; and a cyan dye is formed in the red sensitive emulsion. Combinations of; these three printing primaries will produce. all of the other colors in the finished film or print. Suitable methods for the preparation of photographicmulti-layer materials have been described in the literature relating to color photography, and: are; therefore, not described here.
The following examples descri-bain detaihmethods for accomplishing the above objectmbut it; is
to be understood that they are inserted merely.- for purposes of illustration and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of theinvention- Example I A 4" x 5" full color transparency sheet ofcolor film was printed by contact on two 4" x 5" sheets of'colo'r reversible white opaque film.
The two sheets of 4." x 5." color reversible white opaque film were'first developed for twelve minutes. at 68 F. in a developer of the following composition:
p-Monomethylamine-m-phenol sulfate grams 3 Sodium sulfite doe--- 50 Hydroquinone do 6 Sodium carbonate (-monohydr-ate) do 40 Sodium thiocyanate do 2 Potassium bromide do 2 Water to makeup liter 1 Thedevelopedfilm was short stopped for 3 minutes at. 68 F., in a 5% aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite.
Thefilm was washed for 2 minutes in running water at 68 F., and then color developed for 15 minutes. at 63 F., ina developer of the following composition:
p-Ami'nodiethylaniline HCl' grams 4 Sodium sulfite do 20 Hydroxylamine HCl' do 1 Sodium carbonate do 80 Potassium bromide do 1 Water to make up liter 1' The color developed-film was rinsed for Lmirrutes in: running waterat' 68? F.', and hardened for 5 minutes inla 3% aqueous solution of potassium chrome alum.
The hardened film: was washed for 5: minutes im runninglwater at 685" F. The washed material was then treated with a bleach bath of the following: composition:
Di-potassium mono-sodium ferricyanide grams" 100 Potassium bromide do 15- Disodium phosphate do 40 Sodium bisul-fate do 2 5 Formalin oc 20 Water to make u-pliter 1 The bleached film was washed for 5 minutes at 68 F., and then fixed for 5 minutes in a solutiorr of the following composition:
Hypo grams 200 Bbrax' do 10 Water to make liter -1 After fixing, the material. was washed for 10 minutes. irrrunning water at 68 F.
After the final waslr, one-print was allowed to the: print rinsed; imboric acid solution did not change.
Ebzample II A2 4" x 2%." color negative film was printed by projection on two 4 x 5" sheets of multilayer photographic color paper.
The two 4" x 5" sheets of color paper were developed for 8 minutes. at 68 F. in a developer oil the following; compositions p-Aminodiethylaniline'HCL gramsz- 3,25 Sodium sulfite do 20} Sodium carbonate"; do Potassium bromide do" I; Hydroxylamine HCl do; 2 Water to make up liter' 1 The developed film: was=shortstoppedlfor'fiimim utes-at 68 F1 in a batliof the fo'llowing, composi-- tion: 1
Ox-a-lic acid grams 15. Potassium metabisulfitewflwnuu do 15 Potassium. oxalatefin do 60, Sodium sulfate d do 20. Water to makeup liter 1.
and then bleached for 5 minutes in a; bleach bathof thefollowing' composition:
Potassium ferricyanide grams- 30 Potassium bromide. do 10 water-to-make-up e litere I;
The film was washedfor'5. minutes at 68. F. and then fixed for 5' minutes in a solution of the following composition:
Hypo grams 200 B'orax' do 5 Water to make up liter; 1
After fixing, the material; was washed for 30.- minutes in runningwater at 68 B.
After the final wash, one printwasallowed to. dry while the other was rinsed for Z-minutes in-a 0.1% solution. of: boric acid andallowedto dry. At this point, the.printsappeamad-identical.v After. normal.- dryin-gthe print rinsed in the looriaacidsolution showed: brighter colors. and more br-illiant. highIig-htsthan: the print given onlya water wash-for 30 minutes.
Example-I was repeated with-theexceptionthat the final rinse bath was a .01 solutionof; bor-ic acid instead ofa 0.1%; solution Afterfixing and washing, the. color print rinsed. in plain. water. showed objectionable-stains, while the. print treat! ed with the boric acid solution wasclear andiunstained.
From the above exampies it is manifest: that the multi-layer photographicmaterial ri'nsed in plain water shows marked staining upon drying of said material. This staining occurs especially under slow drying conditions; and is: probably due to the coupling of the slow oxidation product of the color developer with a residual color-coupler present in one or more layers.
The above specific examples are to be regarded as merely illustrative of the invention and not in any sense restrictive.
This application is a continuation-in-part of our co-pending application Serial No. 627,534, filed November 8, 1945.
We claim:
In a process of producing color photographic images selected from the class consisting of indophenol and azomethine dyes in a color film having a plurality of silver halide emulsion layers by exposing the film, color developing the same, bleaching, fixing and washing, the improvement which comprises avoiding the formation of stain,
Number Name Date 1,930,140 Becker Oct. 10, 1933 15 1,981,391 Russell Nov, 20, 1934 2,367,516 Muehler et a1. Jan. 16, 1945 2,367,548 Vittum Jan. 16, 1945 6 after the bleaching, fixing, and washing operations, by rinsing the film with an aqueous solution consisting of water and boric acid in a concentration ranging from 0.01% to 1%.
r HAROLD C. HARSH.
JAMES E. BATES.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PA'I'EN'IS
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US786808A US2483971A (en) | 1947-11-18 | 1947-11-18 | Antistain baths for sensitive color photographic material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US786808A US2483971A (en) | 1947-11-18 | 1947-11-18 | Antistain baths for sensitive color photographic material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2483971A true US2483971A (en) | 1949-10-04 |
Family
ID=25139643
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US786808A Expired - Lifetime US2483971A (en) | 1947-11-18 | 1947-11-18 | Antistain baths for sensitive color photographic material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2483971A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1013168B (en) * | 1952-02-19 | 1957-08-01 | Agfa Ag | Process for improving the whiteness of color photographic images |
| US3239338A (en) * | 1961-03-06 | 1966-03-08 | Polaroid Corp | Photographic process |
| US3250619A (en) * | 1962-06-25 | 1966-05-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stain-free paper |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1930140A (en) * | 1932-01-23 | 1933-10-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Acid hardening fixing bath |
| US1981391A (en) * | 1932-09-27 | 1934-11-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Acid hardening fixing bath |
| US2367516A (en) * | 1941-11-29 | 1945-01-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Water spot prevention in photographic film |
| US2367548A (en) * | 1942-09-04 | 1945-01-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hardening and stain prevention process in color photography |
-
1947
- 1947-11-18 US US786808A patent/US2483971A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1930140A (en) * | 1932-01-23 | 1933-10-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Acid hardening fixing bath |
| US1981391A (en) * | 1932-09-27 | 1934-11-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Acid hardening fixing bath |
| US2367516A (en) * | 1941-11-29 | 1945-01-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Water spot prevention in photographic film |
| US2367548A (en) * | 1942-09-04 | 1945-01-16 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hardening and stain prevention process in color photography |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1013168B (en) * | 1952-02-19 | 1957-08-01 | Agfa Ag | Process for improving the whiteness of color photographic images |
| US3239338A (en) * | 1961-03-06 | 1966-03-08 | Polaroid Corp | Photographic process |
| US3250619A (en) * | 1962-06-25 | 1966-05-10 | Eastman Kodak Co | Stain-free paper |
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