US2479192A - Cathode - Google Patents
Cathode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2479192A US2479192A US679927A US67992746A US2479192A US 2479192 A US2479192 A US 2479192A US 679927 A US679927 A US 679927A US 67992746 A US67992746 A US 67992746A US 2479192 A US2479192 A US 2479192A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- wires
- coil
- mandrels
- coils
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- DOMXUEMWDBAQBQ-WEVVVXLNSA-N terbinafine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CN(C\C=C\C#CC(C)(C)C)C)=CC=CC2=C1 DOMXUEMWDBAQBQ-WEVVVXLNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000004221 Multiple Trauma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/15—Cathodes heated directly by an electric current
Definitions
- My invention relates to electric dischargedevices, and more particularly tocathodes for such devices and methods of: manufacturing the cathodes.
- 'It' is an object of my invention to provide a cathode Whichis inexpensive and easyto manufacture and; capable of-being handled on automatic' machines for fabrication into the electrodeassemblies of electric discharge devices' It is also an object to provide cathode structures which have desirable. electrical characteristics and are capable of retaining a, copious supply of electron. emissive1material.
- the cathode. is mounted; by securing thev auxiliary coiled ends to lead-in wirestheeaps serve to prevent thezsuspensionpf. activating material (alkaline earth carbonates. for..
- the coil is wound around a mandrel of oval or other flattened shape, preferably two or more mandrels of round wire extending side-by-side. It is thus assured that the individual wires of the multiple coil are retained in axial alignment.
- Fig. 1 is an elevation, greatly enlarged, illustrating a method of winding multi ple or duplex coils according to my invention
- Fig. 2 is an end view of a coil on the mandrels
- Fig. 3 is an elevation, partly in section, of an end of a discharge device containing a mount including a cathode and its supporting elements.
- th cathode coils are preferably wound continuously on automatic machinery by windin a pair of tungsten wires I, 2 around a pair of steel mandrels 3, 4.
- the wires I, 2 are wound with a closed pitch, that is with 3 Claims. (01. 250-27.5)-
- auxiliary endgsections 6 spaced at, I from, the main body portions 5 by a turn ortwo.
- the continuous wound coilron-mandrel is heated toset the wires I; 2 and isthengsevered-at points midway ofthe segments fi 'The mandrels 3, 4 are then dissolved in a suitableacid solutionwhich results in arecoil of the turns of the coils to produce acorkscrew or'spiral fluted contour as illus- Af t e r another heat treatment in which strains are completely removeda'nd' the wires are cleaned, the individual cathode coils are mounted by clampingthe auxiliary endsections 6'- in hook portions of lead-in wires 8 extendingfrom a stem 9.
- the cathodecoil is-then provided with'an activating coatin or filling'tindicated by dotted lines I0) 'by-applying thereto-a suspension of activating-material such as" alkaline earth carbonates (later broken down to oxides), the suspension being applied to the main body portion 5- of-thecoil, preferably by means of a troughshaped applicatorsuch as that disclosed in Fatthe adjacent turns touching.
- activating-material such as" alkaline earth carbonates (later broken down to oxides)
- the gapsl prevent the suspension from traveling by capillary action to the leads 8 and end coils 6.
- wires I, 2 may be of different diameter or of the same diameter, and any desired number of wires (as many as seven, for example) may be used.
- a single mandrel of round wire may be used in place of the two mandrels 3, 4 although I prefer the latter because the oval cross section of the coil and its spiral fluted contour insures retention of the individual wires I, 2 in axial alignment.
- a single mandrel of non-circular cross section, such as rectangular, may be used in place of two round mandrels.
- the method of manufacture described above may be applied to a simple coil of one wire (instead or the plurality of wires I 2) to make coils comprising a main body section (like 5) having auxiliary end sections (like 6') spaced apart by gaps (like 1).
- the cathodes described herein may be employed in the well known commercial fluorescent lamps which contain a few millimeters of gas (argon) and mercury, with a cathode at each end of the I being 1; mm. long, thepitch being 215 turns per inch.
- An alternative design which provides for fast starting of the arc discharge consists of three wires (corresponding to I, 2) of 1.8 mil diameter wound simultaneously on a single 30 mil round mandrel. Similarly, three or more wires may be wound on an oval mandrel (two parallel round mandrels)
- wires I, 2 of difierent diameters a fine strand may be completely hidden by a coarser one by proper nesting of sizes. The result is a small helix secured within the diametrical limits of the larger one.
- one coil is inside another, yet they are by no means telescoped or separable like a mechanically assembled coil within a coil.
- duplex or multiple type cathode lies in its difierent electrical characteristics from simple coils of one wire. For instance, with a given mandrel diameter, turn proximity, and cathode body length, a duplex or multiple wound cathode made from one size of small wire may have many more turns 4 and difierent mass than a single wire wire size having the and grills cathode of equivalent larger same cold resistance.
- a cathode comprising a multiple helical coil of a plurality of individual wires in side-by-side relation, said coil being of oval cross section and being longitudinally twisted to a spiral fluted contour and having integral auxiliary end sections spaced from the intermediate main body portion of the coil by portions of wide open pitch, the main body portion only being coated with electron emissive material.
- a cathode comprising a multiple helical coil of a plurality of individual wires in side-by-side relation, said coil being of oval cross section and being longitudinally twisted to a spiral fluted contour and being coated with electron emissive material, the adjacent turns of the group of multiple wires being spaced apart approximately one mil and there being a hardly perceptible gap between the individual wires in the group.
- a cathode comprising a multiple helical coil of a plurality of individual wires in side-by-side relation, said coil being of oval cross section and being longitudinally twisted to a spiral fluted contour and being coated with electron-emissive material.
Description
W. P. ZABEL Aug. 16, 1949.
CATHODE Filed June 28, 1946 lnvenfi'ow: I WiLLiam P. ZabeL, 5 WW His A k iror ney.
.on which the cathode issupported;
Patented Aug. 16, 1949 William P; Zabcl,
Cleveland Heights, Ohio; as-
signer to General Electric Company, a, corporation-of New York.
pplicati n. June 28, 1946, SerialNo. 19,927.
My invention relates to electric dischargedevices, and more particularly tocathodes for such devices and methods of: manufacturing the cathodes.
'It'is an object of my invention to provide a cathode Whichis inexpensive and easyto manufacture and; capable of-being handled on automatic' machines for fabrication into the electrodeassemblies of electric discharge devices' It is also an object to provide cathode structures which have desirable. electrical characteristics and are capable of retaining a, copious supply of electron. emissive1material.
A feature of my inventionisthemanufacture of a cathode. in the formof a helical coil composed of a, plurality of wires coiled in parallel or siderby-side relation and provided with short auxiliary coiled ends spaced, from the main body portion of?the..cath de. by a, turn-or twoof wide open pitch to form gaps. in the-coil. When the cathode. is mounted; by securing thev auxiliary coiled ends to lead-in wirestheeaps serve to prevent thezsuspensionpf. activating material (alkaline earth carbonates. for.. example) appliedjto the main; body portionirornrtraveling by capillai'y action;b yondthegan i thereby ke p it on 'theleadeinwiresi, T e:P1.QVision ofthe auxiliary coiled. ends. alsoserves to. p e i dividual wires in. thegaps from; splaying out and tangling with other coilsduring, handling. The said coiled ends also provide for a good connection to the hooks or clamps of the lead-in wires According to another feature of my invention the coil is wound around a mandrel of oval or other flattened shape, preferably two or more mandrels of round wire extending side-by-side. It is thus assured that the individual wires of the multiple coil are retained in axial alignment.
Further features and advantages of my invention will appear from the following detailed description and from the drawing.
In the drawing, Fig. 1 is an elevation, greatly enlarged, illustrating a method of winding multi ple or duplex coils according to my invention; Fig. 2 is an end view of a coil on the mandrels; and Fig. 3 is an elevation, partly in section, of an end of a discharge device containing a mount including a cathode and its supporting elements.
Referring to the drawing, th cathode coils are preferably wound continuously on automatic machinery by windin a pair of tungsten wires I, 2 around a pair of steel mandrels 3, 4. The wires I, 2 are wound with a closed pitch, that is with 3 Claims. (01. 250-27.5)-
tratedin Fig. 3:
or segments 5 constitute .the mai n bod portions of the individual cathodes and are. separated-by shorter lengths liwhich'are ultimately severed at their midpoints to, constitute auxiliary endgsections 6 spaced at, I from, the main body portions 5 by a turn ortwo. of the *Wiresl, 2; The continuous wound coilron-mandrel is heated toset the wires I; 2 and isthengsevered-at points midway ofthe segments fi 'The mandrels 3, 4 are then dissolved in a suitableacid solutionwhich results in arecoil of the turns of the coils to produce acorkscrew or'spiral fluted contour as illus- Af t e r another heat treatment in which strains are completely removeda'nd' the wires are cleaned, the individual cathode coils are mounted by clampingthe auxiliary endsections 6'- in hook portions of lead-in wires 8 extendingfrom a stem 9. 'The leads 8" are then spread apart a small distance to stretch; thecoil so that the turns of th'e pairs of wires; I-, 2'a-re;spacedapart a distance'of approximately-one milwhile there is a hardly perceptible gapbetween the turns of the individual wires I, 2. r
The cathodecoil is-then provided with'an activating coatin or filling'tindicated by dotted lines I0) 'by-applying thereto-a suspension of activating-material such as" alkaline earth carbonates (later broken down to oxides), the suspension being applied to the main body portion 5- of-thecoil, preferably by means of a troughshaped applicatorsuch as that disclosed in Fatthe adjacent turns touching. The longer lengths em 2,363,055, J; Flaws. The gapsl" prevent the suspension from traveling by capillary action to the leads 8 and end coils 6. This is highly desirable because any material deposited at those points is not properly processed upon passage of current through the coil to break down the carbonates to oxides and volatilize the usual binder, with the result that it evolves harmful gases into the bulb II of the electrical discharge device containing the cathode. It is for this reason that I prefer to clamp the coil in the leads 8 at the end sections 6' rather than at the gaps 1 although the latter practicemay be followed if the gaps I are sufiiciently long to insure a spacing of the end turns of the main body portion 5 from the leads 8.
It will be understood that the wires I, 2 may be of different diameter or of the same diameter, and any desired number of wires (as many as seven, for example) may be used. Moreover, a single mandrel of round wire may be used in place of the two mandrels 3, 4 although I prefer the latter because the oval cross section of the coil and its spiral fluted contour insures retention of the individual wires I, 2 in axial alignment. Of course, a single mandrel of non-circular cross section, such as rectangular, may be used in place of two round mandrels. Also, the method of manufacture described above may be applied to a simple coil of one wire (instead or the plurality of wires I 2) to make coils comprising a main body section (like 5) having auxiliary end sections (like 6') spaced apart by gaps (like 1).
It will further be understood that in place of plain wires I, 2 I may employ continuous coils on mandrels, the said mandrels either being made of tungsten and retained in the finished cathode or being made of steel or molybdenum and dissolved out.
The cathodes described herein may be employed in the well known commercial fluorescent lamps which contain a few millimeters of gas (argon) and mercury, with a cathode at each end of the I being 1; mm. long, thepitch being 215 turns per inch.
An alternative design which provides for fast starting of the arc discharge consists of three wires (corresponding to I, 2) of 1.8 mil diameter wound simultaneously on a single 30 mil round mandrel. Similarly, three or more wires may be wound on an oval mandrel (two parallel round mandrels) When using wires I, 2 of difierent diameters a fine strand may be completely hidden by a coarser one by proper nesting of sizes. The result is a small helix secured within the diametrical limits of the larger one. Figuratively speaking, one coil is inside another, yet they are by no means telescoped or separable like a mechanically assembled coil within a coil.
Another advantage of the duplex or multiple type cathode disclosed herein lies in its difierent electrical characteristics from simple coils of one wire. For instance, with a given mandrel diameter, turn proximity, and cathode body length, a duplex or multiple wound cathode made from one size of small wire may have many more turns 4 and difierent mass than a single wire wire size having the and grills cathode of equivalent larger same cold resistance.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A cathode comprising a multiple helical coil of a plurality of individual wires in side-by-side relation, said coil being of oval cross section and being longitudinally twisted to a spiral fluted contour and having integral auxiliary end sections spaced from the intermediate main body portion of the coil by portions of wide open pitch, the main body portion only being coated with electron emissive material.
2. A cathode comprising a multiple helical coil of a plurality of individual wires in side-by-side relation, said coil being of oval cross section and being longitudinally twisted to a spiral fluted contour and being coated with electron emissive material, the adjacent turns of the group of multiple wires being spaced apart approximately one mil and there being a hardly perceptible gap between the individual wires in the group.
3. A cathode comprising a multiple helical coil of a plurality of individual wires in side-by-side relation, said coil being of oval cross section and being longitudinally twisted to a spiral fluted contour and being coated with electron-emissive material.
WILLIAM P. ZABEL.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,020,001 Schellenger Nov. 5, 1935 2,106,689 Braselton Jan. 25, 1938 2, 41,933 Perrott Dec. 27, 1938 2,145,911 Anderson et al Feb. 7, 1939 2,214,974 Scott Sept. 17, 1940 2,227,602 Platt Jan. 7, 1941 2,247,869 Beers July 1, 1941 2,329,1 8 Inman Sept. 7, 1943 2,371,205 Zabel Mar. 13, 1945 2,373,427 Stickney Apr. 10, 1945 2,422,272 Viehweger June 17, 1947 2,424,518 Stuart July 22, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 187,261 Great Britain Oct. 10, 1922
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US679927A US2479192A (en) | 1946-06-28 | 1946-06-28 | Cathode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US679927A US2479192A (en) | 1946-06-28 | 1946-06-28 | Cathode |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2479192A true US2479192A (en) | 1949-08-16 |
Family
ID=24728960
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US679927A Expired - Lifetime US2479192A (en) | 1946-06-28 | 1946-06-28 | Cathode |
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US (1) | US2479192A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2589521A (en) * | 1952-03-18 | Heater | ||
US2731581A (en) * | 1950-12-18 | 1956-01-17 | Krefft Hermann Eduard | Electrode for gaseous discharge lamps |
US3538374A (en) * | 1967-08-18 | 1970-11-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Tubular incandescent lamp having coiled filament with varied-pitch segments |
US5729081A (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1998-03-17 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Electrode coil for discharge lamps and method for producing such an electrode coil |
US20100244660A1 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-09-30 | Junji Matsuda | Hot cathode fluorescent lamp and electrode for fluorescent lamp |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB187261A (en) * | 1921-05-10 | 1922-10-10 | Drahtlose Telegraphie Gmbh | Improvements in thermionic devices |
US2020001A (en) * | 1932-03-31 | 1935-11-05 | Chicago Telephone Supply Co | Circuit controller |
US2106689A (en) * | 1932-08-25 | 1938-01-25 | Sirian Lamp Co | Incandescent electric lamp |
US2141933A (en) * | 1937-11-18 | 1938-12-27 | Gen Electric | Cathode |
US2145911A (en) * | 1936-01-31 | 1939-02-07 | Westinghousse Electric And Mfg | Method of mounting coiled-coil filmaents |
US2214974A (en) * | 1938-10-04 | 1940-09-17 | Gen Electric | Electrode for electric discharge devices |
US2227602A (en) * | 1939-08-16 | 1941-01-07 | Stephen A Platt | Automatic coil winding machine |
US2247869A (en) * | 1940-02-28 | 1941-07-01 | John R Beers | Heater element for cathodes used in radio tubes and method of making the same |
US2329118A (en) * | 1941-07-12 | 1943-09-07 | Gen Electric | Electrode for electrical discharge devices |
US2371205A (en) * | 1943-10-30 | 1945-03-13 | Coiled | |
US2373427A (en) * | 1943-04-21 | 1945-04-10 | Fernald S Stickney | Spring winding mechanism |
US2422272A (en) * | 1945-01-15 | 1947-06-17 | Viehweger August | Machine for making tubular parts from strip material |
US2424518A (en) * | 1944-12-04 | 1947-07-22 | Gen Electric | Coil electrode |
-
1946
- 1946-06-28 US US679927A patent/US2479192A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB187261A (en) * | 1921-05-10 | 1922-10-10 | Drahtlose Telegraphie Gmbh | Improvements in thermionic devices |
US2020001A (en) * | 1932-03-31 | 1935-11-05 | Chicago Telephone Supply Co | Circuit controller |
US2106689A (en) * | 1932-08-25 | 1938-01-25 | Sirian Lamp Co | Incandescent electric lamp |
US2145911A (en) * | 1936-01-31 | 1939-02-07 | Westinghousse Electric And Mfg | Method of mounting coiled-coil filmaents |
US2141933A (en) * | 1937-11-18 | 1938-12-27 | Gen Electric | Cathode |
US2214974A (en) * | 1938-10-04 | 1940-09-17 | Gen Electric | Electrode for electric discharge devices |
US2227602A (en) * | 1939-08-16 | 1941-01-07 | Stephen A Platt | Automatic coil winding machine |
US2247869A (en) * | 1940-02-28 | 1941-07-01 | John R Beers | Heater element for cathodes used in radio tubes and method of making the same |
US2329118A (en) * | 1941-07-12 | 1943-09-07 | Gen Electric | Electrode for electrical discharge devices |
US2373427A (en) * | 1943-04-21 | 1945-04-10 | Fernald S Stickney | Spring winding mechanism |
US2371205A (en) * | 1943-10-30 | 1945-03-13 | Coiled | |
US2424518A (en) * | 1944-12-04 | 1947-07-22 | Gen Electric | Coil electrode |
US2422272A (en) * | 1945-01-15 | 1947-06-17 | Viehweger August | Machine for making tubular parts from strip material |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2589521A (en) * | 1952-03-18 | Heater | ||
US2731581A (en) * | 1950-12-18 | 1956-01-17 | Krefft Hermann Eduard | Electrode for gaseous discharge lamps |
US3538374A (en) * | 1967-08-18 | 1970-11-03 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Tubular incandescent lamp having coiled filament with varied-pitch segments |
US5729081A (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1998-03-17 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Electrode coil for discharge lamps and method for producing such an electrode coil |
US20100244660A1 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-09-30 | Junji Matsuda | Hot cathode fluorescent lamp and electrode for fluorescent lamp |
US8344608B2 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2013-01-01 | Stanley Electric Co., Ltd. | Hot cathode fluorescent lamp and electrode for fluorescent lamp |
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