US2476345A - Process for phosphating stainless steel surfaces - Google Patents
Process for phosphating stainless steel surfaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2476345A US2476345A US694439A US69443946A US2476345A US 2476345 A US2476345 A US 2476345A US 694439 A US694439 A US 694439A US 69443946 A US69443946 A US 69443946A US 2476345 A US2476345 A US 2476345A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- stainless steel
- exterior surface
- phosphating
- steel surfaces
- piece
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/18—Orthophosphates containing manganese cations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/20—Materials used to prevent corrosion in refrigeration system
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/47—Burnishing
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in the treatment of metallic pieces and is concerned more particularly with the treating of stainless steel.
- the method of the invention includes the following essential sequential steps:
- a metallurgical step which consists of nitriding .or carbur-izing the piece or pieces in order to harden their exterior surfaces and more or less convert the outer skin of the steel to a condition where it has lost its relative good resistance to corrosion.
- a mechanical step which consists of gritblasting or shot-peening in order to homogenize the exposed surface. This consists :of a coldworking operation on the said exterior surface of the metal in order to produce a localized and uniform stress thereon.
- a chemical step which is adapted to activate the exterior or exposed surface of the steel so that it is rendered more reactive to the subsequent step of immersion in a phosphating bath;
- the final step consisting of the immersion in a phosphate bath.
- a stainless steel piece should only be hardened to a relatively slight depth so that its casing renders it vulnerable to corrosion in the processing baths.
- a nitriding, carburizing, or other hardening step there is in addition a chemical activating of the surface, subsequent to the hardening, for the deliberate purpose of rendering said outer skin or exterior surface corrodible.
- the phosphate coating preferably has a manganese base and consists of a combination of manganese phosphate and iron phosphate. Such a coating is more durable than coatings heretofore utilized and stands up better under sliding friction which, of course, is essential where the metal is used for the manufacture of ordnance weapons.
- the manganese-base phosphating bath contains an accelerator, such as nitric acid or the like.
- an accelerator such as nitric acid or the like.
- the finished article which has been treated according to this invention, is put into service, it is definitely resistant to abrasive wear and its exterior surface has been restored so as to have corrosion-resistant non-reflecting characteristics and also a uniform color.
Description
Patented July 19, 1949 PRBCESS FOB PHOSPHATING STAINLESS STEEL SURFACES Arthur Zavarella, Agawani, Mass.
No Drawing. Application September 3, 1946, Serial No. 694,439
(Granted under the act of March 3, 1883, as amended April 30, 1928; 3'70 0. G. 757) 3 Claims.
The invention described herein may be manrufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes, without the payment to me of any royalty thereon.
This invention relates to improvements in the treatment of metallic pieces and is concerned more particularly with the treating of stainless steel.
It is a particular object of the invention to provide an improved stainless steel which is especially adapted for use in the manufacture of firearms. That is to say, the novel characteristics of the invention are peculiarly adapted to provide a so-called weapon steel which has an exterior surface which is substantially free from, shine or luster and is also non-gal-ling. At the same time the resultant exterior surface is both wearresistant and capable of being painted as desired.
In other words, it is important to eliminate any shine on the exposed exterior surfaces of ordnance weapons since government inspectors of ordnance materiel will reject steel having reflecting surfaces, but it is obviously desirable from a safety standpoint in the field during warfare that weapon steel have no shine.
In general, the method of the invention includes the following essential sequential steps:
1. A metallurgical step which consists of nitriding .or carbur-izing the piece or pieces in order to harden their exterior surfaces and more or less convert the outer skin of the steel to a condition where it has lost its relative good resistance to corrosion.
2. A mechanical step, which consists of gritblasting or shot-peening in order to homogenize the exposed surface. This consists :of a coldworking operation on the said exterior surface of the metal in order to produce a localized and uniform stress thereon.
3. A chemical step which is adapted to activate the exterior or exposed surface of the steel so that it is rendered more reactive to the subsequent step of immersion in a phosphating bath; and
4. The final step consisting of the immersion in a phosphate bath.
It has been found advisable, after the pieces have been nitrided, or carburized to uniformly stress and roughen the exposed surface of the steel in some manner, such as by so-called grit blasting or shot-:peening. pieces are subjected to a so-called cold-Working operation whereby their outer skins are caused to have a uniform or homogeneous surface and color.
When the exposed surfaces of the pieces are In other words the chemically activated by dipping the same in a solution of dilute phosphoric acid, most eflicient results have been achieved through such a dip which lasts approximately two minutes and by then rinsing them in ordinary water or some aqueous solution.
A stainless steel piece should only be hardened to a relatively slight depth so that its casing renders it vulnerable to corrosion in the processing baths. According to the process of this invention, while there is included a nitriding, carburizing, or other hardening step, there is in addition a chemical activating of the surface, subsequent to the hardening, for the deliberate purpose of rendering said outer skin or exterior surface corrodible.
This, in turn, is followed by immersion of the piece or pieces in a phosphate solution which results in a product which has been found to not only have a non-galling exterior surface but one which is durable, non-lustrous, and corrosion resistant and which may be easily and effectively covered if desired with olive-drab paint, for example, for special use on army equiment.
The phosphate coating preferably has a manganese base and consists of a combination of manganese phosphate and iron phosphate. Such a coating is more durable than coatings heretofore utilized and stands up better under sliding friction which, of course, is essential where the metal is used for the manufacture of ordnance weapons.
Preferably, the manganese-base phosphating bath contains an accelerator, such as nitric acid or the like. The conversion of the outer surface or so-called skin of the stainless steel, as above stated, renders it more susceptible to the subsequent steps previously referred to and the pieces or articles are then ready to obtain the maximum benefits from the phosphating bath so as to have a surface whic his resistant to abrasive Wear.
When the finished article, which has been treated according to this invention, is put into service, it is definitely resistant to abrasive wear and its exterior surface has been restored so as to have corrosion-resistant non-reflecting characteristics and also a uniform color.
I claim:
1. The method of treating a stainless steel piece of metal to resist abrasive wear for use in the manufacture of ordnance equipment consisting of, first metallurgically treating by surface impregnation with carbon or nitrogen to alter the exterior surface of said piece converting said exterior surface from stainless steel to a steel which has lost its relative resistance to corrosion, next mechanically treating by cold Working said exterior surface of said piece, then chemically activating said exterior surface by dipping in an acid solution of phosphoric acid, and finally subjecting said exterior surface to a manganese base phosphate bath to provide a non-lustrous, non-galling exterior surface which is resistant to abrasive wear.
2. The method of treating a stainless steel piece of metal to resist abrasive wear consisting of, first case hardening the exterior surface of said piece, next mechanically processing by cold working whereby said exterior surface is homogenized, uniformly stressed and roughened, then chemically activating said roughened surface with phosphoric acid, and finally subjecting said exterior surface to a manganese base phosphate bath to provide a non-lustrous, non-galling exterior surface which is resistant to abrasive wear.
3. The method of treating a stainless steel piece of metal to resist abrasive wear consisting of, first impregnating the exterior surface of said piece with carbon or nitrogen, next mechanically processing said exterior surface by shot-peening or REFERENCES CITED The following referenlces are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,832,979 George Nov. 24, 1931 2,059,783 Farnworth Nov. 3, 1935 2,087,230 Bigeon July 20, 1937 2,131,710 Malcolm Sept. 27, 1938 2,172,422 Uhlig Sept. 12, 1933 OTHER REFERENCES Transactions of American Society for Steel Treating, vol. XXI 1933), pages 481 and 482.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US694439A US2476345A (en) | 1946-09-03 | 1946-09-03 | Process for phosphating stainless steel surfaces |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US694439A US2476345A (en) | 1946-09-03 | 1946-09-03 | Process for phosphating stainless steel surfaces |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2476345A true US2476345A (en) | 1949-07-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US694439A Expired - Lifetime US2476345A (en) | 1946-09-03 | 1946-09-03 | Process for phosphating stainless steel surfaces |
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2639244A (en) * | 1950-07-15 | 1953-05-19 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Metal finishing method |
US2760924A (en) * | 1952-05-22 | 1956-08-28 | Autoyre Co Inc | Method of polishing stamped steel articles |
US2837449A (en) * | 1952-08-14 | 1958-06-03 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Composition of matter for and process of producing phosphate layers on iron surfaces |
US2875110A (en) * | 1953-06-29 | 1959-02-24 | Sandvikens Jerwerks Aktiebolag | Corrosion resistant treatment for hollow drill rods |
US2884351A (en) * | 1956-01-25 | 1959-04-28 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Method of cold rolling ferrous strip stock |
US3232065A (en) * | 1963-04-27 | 1966-02-01 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for storing ozone/oxygen mixtures |
US3397092A (en) * | 1964-02-27 | 1968-08-13 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Corrosion-resistant coatings |
US3515599A (en) * | 1968-05-14 | 1970-06-02 | Eaton Yale & Towne | Process for treating ferrous surfaces |
US3709723A (en) * | 1969-10-01 | 1973-01-09 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Inorganic refractory liquid composition |
US4536228A (en) * | 1981-06-10 | 1985-08-20 | Pemberton Sintermatic S.A. | Corrosion inhibition in sintered stainless steel |
US4912934A (en) * | 1987-10-05 | 1990-04-03 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Hermetically closed circulation type, vapor absorption refrigerator |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1832979A (en) * | 1929-06-19 | 1931-11-24 | Electro Metallurg Co | Method of cleaning metals |
US2059783A (en) * | 1932-07-02 | 1936-11-03 | Budd Wheel Co | Method of coating composite articles |
US2087230A (en) * | 1935-12-27 | 1937-07-20 | Cie Nat Matieres Colorantes | Method for regenerating phosphoric pickling bath |
US2131710A (en) * | 1937-10-20 | 1938-09-27 | Chapman Valve Mfg Co | Method of treating steel |
US2172422A (en) * | 1937-05-15 | 1939-09-12 | Chemical Foundation Inc | Corrosion-resistant ferrous alloys |
-
1946
- 1946-09-03 US US694439A patent/US2476345A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1832979A (en) * | 1929-06-19 | 1931-11-24 | Electro Metallurg Co | Method of cleaning metals |
US2059783A (en) * | 1932-07-02 | 1936-11-03 | Budd Wheel Co | Method of coating composite articles |
US2087230A (en) * | 1935-12-27 | 1937-07-20 | Cie Nat Matieres Colorantes | Method for regenerating phosphoric pickling bath |
US2172422A (en) * | 1937-05-15 | 1939-09-12 | Chemical Foundation Inc | Corrosion-resistant ferrous alloys |
US2131710A (en) * | 1937-10-20 | 1938-09-27 | Chapman Valve Mfg Co | Method of treating steel |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2639244A (en) * | 1950-07-15 | 1953-05-19 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Metal finishing method |
US2760924A (en) * | 1952-05-22 | 1956-08-28 | Autoyre Co Inc | Method of polishing stamped steel articles |
US2837449A (en) * | 1952-08-14 | 1958-06-03 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Composition of matter for and process of producing phosphate layers on iron surfaces |
US2875110A (en) * | 1953-06-29 | 1959-02-24 | Sandvikens Jerwerks Aktiebolag | Corrosion resistant treatment for hollow drill rods |
US2884351A (en) * | 1956-01-25 | 1959-04-28 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Method of cold rolling ferrous strip stock |
US3232065A (en) * | 1963-04-27 | 1966-02-01 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for storing ozone/oxygen mixtures |
US3397092A (en) * | 1964-02-27 | 1968-08-13 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Corrosion-resistant coatings |
US3515599A (en) * | 1968-05-14 | 1970-06-02 | Eaton Yale & Towne | Process for treating ferrous surfaces |
US3709723A (en) * | 1969-10-01 | 1973-01-09 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Inorganic refractory liquid composition |
US4536228A (en) * | 1981-06-10 | 1985-08-20 | Pemberton Sintermatic S.A. | Corrosion inhibition in sintered stainless steel |
US4912934A (en) * | 1987-10-05 | 1990-04-03 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Hermetically closed circulation type, vapor absorption refrigerator |
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