US2474829A

US2474829A - Facsimile synchronizing device

Info

Publication number: US2474829A
Application number: US741087A
Authority: US
Inventors: Richard C Curtis
Original assignee: Faximile Inc
Current assignee: Faximile Inc
Priority date: 1947-04-12
Filing date: 1947-04-12
Publication date: 1949-07-05
Anticipated expiration: 1966-07-05

Description

y 1949. R. c. CURTIS 2,474,829

FACSIKILE SYNCHRONIZING DEVICE Filed April 12, 1947 RICHARD c. CURTIS INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented July 5, 1949 FACSIMILE SYNCHRONIZING DEVICE Richard C. Curtis, Short Hills, N. J assignor to Faximile, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application April 12, 1947, Serial No. 741,087

8 Claims. (Cl. 318-85) The present invention concerns electrical control systems and, in particular, methods and devices for synchronizing facsimile recorders and the like.

In the art of facsimile, copy which is to be reproduced at a distant point is scanned point by point and line by line and reproduced in a similar manner. In order that the reproduced copy may be an exact facsimile of the original it is of utmost importance that the recorder move in exact synchronism with the transmitting scanner. This and other similar applications require methods and devices for operating remote devices in synchronism with a master control mechanism. It is common practice in facsimile technique to leave a space between lines in which is inserted an impulse which is transmitted with the signals representing the copy and to utilize this impulse at the receiving end to maintain the recorder in synchronism with the scanner at the transmitter. The present invention concerns methods of and means for utilizing this impulse to control the operation of the recorder in circuits which are simple and yet highly effective.

According to the present invention an electron tube oscillator generates an alternating current which is utilized to run the motor which turns the recorder drum. Oscillators which are suitable for this application are those whose frequency can be controlled by a control voltage. An oscillator which is particularly suited to this application has been shown and described in copending application entitled Variable frequency oscillator, filed August 10, 1946, and bearing Serial Number 689,792. This oscillator has the characteristic that an increasingly negative voltage will cause its frequency to increase while an increasingly positive voltage will cause its frequency to decrease. Thus, if a motor is controlled or driven from this oscillator its speed will increase with an increasingly negative control voltage and will slow down when an increasingly positive control voltage is applied. According to the present invention the point in time at which the incoming synchronizing impulse occurs is compared to the relative phase or period of the recorder motor and if the motor is lagging, this impulse is utilized to generate a negative control voltage which tends to increase the motor speed and if the motor is leading or is fast, there is generated a positive control voltage which tends to slow the motor down. According to the present invention the circuits and apparatus provided to carry out this operation are simple and effective.

One object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved method of and means for synchronizing the operation of an electrical motor by means of a regularly spaced synchronizing impulse.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a new and simplified circuit and method for accurately synchronizing a facsimile recorder motor by means of a regularly spaced synchronizing impulse.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide more accurate and effective synchronization of a facsimile recorder with a transmitter which sends out regularly spaced synchronizing impulses.

These and other objects of the present invention will be apparent from the detailed description of the invention given in connection with the various figures of the drawing.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 shows one form of the present invention.

Fig. 2 illustrates a facsimile signal and synchronizing impulse suitable for operation of the present invention.

Fig. 1 shows a facsimile receiver I, of conventional design, many suitable circuits for which are well known in the art. Facsimile receiver I may receive its signals in any convenient manner as, for instance, from antenna 2, and ground 3. The facsimile recording mechanism may consist of any suitable periodically operating mechanism such as that shown comprising motor 4 having shaft 6 which drives gears in gear box I to reduce the speed sufiiciently to turn recording drum 9 at a suitable speed through shaft 8. Recording drum 9 carries helical recording electrode III which cooperates with linear electrode l2 for marking a record sheet I I. Marking signals from facsimile receiver I are applied across helical electrode Ill and linear electrode l2 by means of wires l3 and M respectively. Motor 4 is synchronized or driven at a synchronous speed from a power supply and oscillator 33 by means of power supplied over

leads

35 and 36. The driving oscillator contained in unit 33 is designed to operate at a nominal frequency which is close to the desired synchronous frequency required by the recorder and is capable of being shifted in frequency under influence of control tube 29, as set forth in detail in the above mentioned patent application. Although it is evident that control tube 29 may be connected to oscillator 33 by utilizing any suitable Well known phase inverting circuit in such a way that an increasingly negative bias will decrease the frequency of the oscillator, for the purpose of the present description it is assumed that tube 29 is connected in such a way that an increasingly negative bias will increase the frequency of oscillator 33 and hence increase the speed of motor 4. Control tube 29 may be any suitable tube such as the triode shown having cathode 3| heated by conventional means not shown, control grid 30, and plate 32. For details of a connection of control tube 29 with oscillator 33 reference is again made to the above cited application.

Fig. 2 shows two lines of a typical facsimile signal suitable to the operation of the present invention. Each line repeated periodically includes a synchronizing impulse A and a signal B representing the facsimile copy to be reproduced. Each of the synchronizing impulses A is separated bya substantially constant time interval T. The present invention utilizes these impulses A to accurately, simply and effectively control the operation of the recording mechanism. In a system as shown in Fig. 1 this means controlling the speed of motor 4 through the medium of frequency controlled oscillator 33,

Facsimile receiver l of Fig. 1 in addition to supplying recording signals to the recording electrodes feeds synchronizing pulses over wires 19 and 20 in such a manner that wire I9 is pulsed in a positive polarity with respect to wire 20. According" to the present invention if motor 4 is slow or lags behind the required synchronous speed these synchronizing impulses are utilized to generate a negative control voltage which is applied to grid 30 of tube 29 which has the effect of increasing the frequency of oscillator 33 and in turn increasing the speed of motor 4 to brin the system into exact synchronism. One manner in which this may be accomplished is shown in Fig. 1 where commutator I5 is mounted on shaft 5 of motor 4. Commutator I5 includes active segments l6 and I8 and inactive segment ll. Control grid 3|] of tube 29 is connected through grid resistor 28 to two pulse storage circuits, one consisting of condenser 21 shunted by resistor 25, and the other condenser 25 shunted by resistor 24 both of which are connected in series between grid 30 and ground. In this way voltages established across either condenser 26 or condenser 21 are effective in biasing grid 30 and hence in affecting the oscillator frequency. With motor 4 rotating in a direction which causes commutator Hi to rotate in a counter clockwise direction as viewed in the drawing, commutator segment 18 arrives at a certain point after a given instant if motor 4 operates below a given speed and segment I6 arrives at the same point in advance of the given instant if motor 4 operates above a given speed. Commutator segment I8 is connected through slip ring contact 22 to the grid end of condenser 21 and commutator segment H5 is connected through slip rin contact 2| to the ground end of condenser 26. Positive lead i9 is connected to the junction point between

condenser

26 and 21 and negative lead 20 is connected to stationary commutator contact point 23. Commutator segment I! is blank and when the system operates accurately in synchronism with the transmitter synchronizin impulses A occur when contact 23 is in contact with blank segment l1 and no frequency correction takes place. Thus, if motor 4 tends to operate at a slightly lower speed than required to keep in step with the synchronizing impulses, commutator segment l6 will make contact with contact 23 during the time at which a synchronizing impulse A arrives .4 in the system. When this happens, the syn chronizing impulse will be impressed across condenser 26 in a polarity which will make grid 36 increasingly negative with respect to ground. As has been stated above, this will cause control tube 29 to increase the frequency of oscillation of oscillator 33 and hence speed up the operation of motor 4. On the other hand, if motor 4 is operating above synchronous speed, contact 23 will contact commutator segment 18 at the time at which synchronizing impulse A arrives and condenser 21 will receive a charging impulse in a polarity which tend to increase the bias on grid 30 in a positive direction with respect to ground and hence decrease the frequency of oscillator 33 and slow down the operation of motor 4. The amount of frequency correction will depend upon the amount by which the speed of motor 4 differs from the synchronous speed as determined by the timing of the synchronizing impulses due to the fact that the amount of corrective charge which is placed on either condenser 26 or 2'! depends upon the degree of overlap of the synchronizing signal and the contact time of contact 23 with either segment'lli or l8. When exact synchro'nism is reached there will be, in general, a small more or less constant overlap in one direction or the other applying a steady correction and control to hold the oscillator frequency steady and in fixed phase relation with the synchronizing impulses. The frequency or speed correcting effects of the bias developed across either

condenser

26 or 21 may be spread over as many or as few cycles as may be desired by varying the time constants of storage circuits 24-26 and 252'I. Also the time constants of circuits 24-26 and 25-2l may be made different so that the speeding up or slowing of the motor 4 may be relatively different. In general, it will be desirable to make the time constants of circuits 24--26 and 252'! different so that the recorder is started during the transmission of a message or a series of messages the bias applied to the grid 30 of tube 29 will vary due to the difference in charge accumulated due to this difference of time constant and the motor speed will change until segment contact is made during the synchronizing pulse interval and synchronism is established. The time constants of circuits 2426 and 25-2'l may be made different, also, so that if the recorder is started and runs in synchronism but out of phase the facsimile signals will char e one condenser more than the other causing the frequency of oscillator 33 and hence the speed of motor 4 to shift until the synchronizing signals take hold as described above.

Among the alternate systems that might be used is a method wherein the motor will operate, in absence of control voltage, at either a lower or higher frequency than the required frequency, but not at both, and will be corrected to the required operating frequency by a pulse of one polarity designed to control the normal motor oscillator frequency up to the required frequency or down to the required frequency, the polarity of the pulses depending upon whether the circuit is designed to'have the motor operate above the required frequency or below the required frequency.

While only these embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described many variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the spirit and scopeof the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a system for operating periodically operable devices in synchronism with a series of equally spaced impulses, the combination of, means for comparing the period of operation of said devices with the period of said impulses, means for generating a control voltage of one polarity in response to the period differences in one direction and of the opposite polarity in response to the period difierences in the other direction, and means for correcting the period of operation of said device in response to said control voltages.

2. In a synchronizing device, the combination of, a source of synchronizing signals comprising regularly spaced pulses, a motor the speed of which is to be controlled by said pulses, a frequency controllable oscillator for at least partially determining the speed of said motor, means for generating a control voltage for said oscillator, means for increasing said control voltage to correct slow speed of said motor and for decreasing said control voltage to correct high speed of said motor under control of said pulses to maintain the speed of said motor under control of said pulses.

3. In a synchronizing device, the combination of, a. source of synchronizing impulses, a motor the speed of which is to be controlled, a frequency controllable oscillator for at least partially determining the speed of said motor, means for generating a voltage for controlling the frequency of said oscillator, means for increasin said voltage in one direction with respect to a reference point in response to the slow operation of said motor and for increasing said voltage in the opposite direction in response to the fast operation of said motor for operating said motor in synchronism with said impulses.

4. In a synchronizing system, the combination of, a source of synchronizing impulses, a synchronous motor the speed of which is to be controlled, a frequency controllable oscillator for driving said motor, means for generating a voltage to control the frequency of said oscillator including two switches operated by said motor and applying said impulses in opposed polarity across two series connected capacitors to generate control voltages to correct the frequency of said oscillator in accordance with said impulses.

5. In a synchronizing system, the combination of, a source of synchronizing impulses, a synchronous motor the speed of which is to be controlled, a frequency controllable oscillator for driving said motor, means for generating 9. voltage to control the frequency of said oscillator including two switches operated by said motor and applying said impulses in opposed polarity across two series connected capacitors to generate control voltages to correct the frequency of said oscillator in accordance with said impulses where in one of said switch applies said impulses to one of said capacitors to generate a control voltage in one direction and the other of said switches applies said impulses to the other of said capacitors to generate a control voltage in the opposite direction with respect 'to a reference point. 5 6. In a synchronizing device, the combination of, a source of synchronizing impulses, a motor the speed of which is to be controlled, a frequency controllable oscillator for at least partially determining the speed of said motor, means for generating a control voltage of one polarity to at least partially determine the frequency of oscillation of said oscillator in response to operation of said motor below a predetermined speed, means for generating a second control voltage of opposite polarity to the first said control voltage for said oscillator in respons to operation of said motor above said predetermined speed, and means for applying said control voltages to said oscillator to at least partially return said motor speed to said predetermined speed.

7. In a synchronizing device, the combination of, a source of synchronizing impulses, a motor the speed of which is to be controlled, a frequency controllable oscillator for at least partially determining the speed of said motor, means for charging a first capacitor in one polarity With respect to a reference point from said source of impulses in response to operation of said motor below a predetermined speed, means for charging the second capacitor in reversed polarity with respect to said first capacitor from said source of impulses in response to operation of said motor above said predetermined speed, and means for combining the' resulting voltages across said capacitors and applying the resultant voltage to at least partially control the frequency of said oscillator in a direction to at least partially return the speed of said motor to said predetermined speed.

8. In a synchronizing device, the combination of, a source of synchronizin signals, a motor the speed of which is to be controlled in accordance with said signals, a frequency controllable source of alternating current for synchronously operating said motor, means for generating one control voltage in one polarity to increase the frequency of said source in response to the operation of said motor below a predetermined speed, means for generating a second control voltage in a polarity opposite to the first said polarity to decrease the frequency of said source in response to the operation of said motor above said predetermined speed, and means for applying said control voltages to control the frequency of said alternating current.

RICHARD C. CURTIS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,350,008 Artzt May 30, 1944 55 2,399,421 Artzt Apr. 30, 1946