US2474576A - Master-slave system - Google Patents

Description

Pofenfed Jone 28, 1949 UNITED STATES PATEN oF CE potoffon of 1IInof8 'If1is invention iS difecfed to nloster-slove syB- tems and, paftfou18rly, to syStems fof eStoblfshing the position, of fen1otely 1oooted gppofotus in accordance With the posftions of neafby app TatI1s.

Badio equipmentS en1ploying tfansmittef and/of feceivef oscillatofs are being lltilized fathef extenSively on aifcraft fo cof11Inunicotion and navi ation puf oses. In Inany of these instanations ft is neceSSary to mount the oscHlatofs in poSitions vvhic11 ofe at soffle diStEnce ffoff1 the opefatof-contfolled Selectof SWitch on fhe oontfo1 pane1 of the aifcfaft. These oscillotofs ofe ordinaIfly tunable to any one of a p111fs1ity of d1f ferent ffequencies So that a fnastef-slave systefff is Toquifed opefatively to oonnect the tuning oontrol mechaniSm of the tfansInittef and the feceivef oscillatofs With the oontfo1 paneL Space and weight considefations on such craft ofe often unuSually Sevefe so that it iS ff11pefative to 1sd1n tain the numbef of intefconnecting Wifes betWeen the contfo1 pane1 and the tllning contfo1 ffech nisIn of the oScillafors of al ITlif1inllZff1. Add1tion any, electfica1 connectofs asSociated With the cofftro1 panels ffequently Inust be Snlan and hence musf include toTn1inals fo1 as feW WifeS aS pos- Sible.

BelayS have been proposed fof use in the fe fnoteoontfo1 systefffs on aifcfaft to reduce the Size of the eectfica1 conneotofs and the numbef of conductive oonnectionS betWeen the adjustoble cofltfol svvitch and the contfoned devices. coSt of such al SySteIn vvould ofdinafny be n1ofe expenSive than iS desiTable due to the nnn1bef of felayS Which Would be feqnifed. ufthefmofe, Since airofaft are subiect to considefable vibf9 tion and ffequently nfuSt undefgo fapid ohanges in accelefation afld decelefation vvffich nay Sefious1y iIflpaif the pfoper opefation of reloys in Such a fen1ote-contfo1 Systen1, it is eSpecially de Sifable to feduce the numbef of felalys thefein to a Ininimuln. Heretofore, satsfactoTy Temote cofftfo1 arfangen1entS vvflic11 en1body a. SInalll nufnbef of interconnecting Wifos ond feloyS have nof beez1 avangble.

It is a,n obiect of the pfeSent invention, thefe fofe, to provide a nevv and ifopfoved InasteT- Slave SySteIn vvhich avoids one of fflore of the aboveInentioned disadva11tages and lifnitotions of pfiof S11ch SysteII1s.

It is anothef obiect of the invention to pfovide ar feliable fnastef-slalve SyStefn v7hich includes aI n1iniII1uIf1 nuInbef of conneotfons betWeen vfious poftions thefeof and So utnizes a, minimun1 numbef of rela s.

, and 9, slave svvitch each having appfoxin1ately M The different switch positionS and each including N contacts, Where N is al nunlber greatef tha,n fouf but substontiony lesS than 1`f. Tho systefn olso includeS conneotions betWeen coffespondlng ones of the contactS- The fnaStef SWitch and the S19.ve SWitoh afe constfucted With fefefence to each othef and fn accofdonce vvfth the re1ation vvhefein P is a, nnfnbef' Which does not exceed of1eho1f the nufnbef 1`T, to eStobHsh (o) opefotive fe1ationS betWeen the svvitches thfough o nlaxin1ufff of 2 of the afofesoid oon11ections, (b) to estoblish opefative felations betWeen the sWftcheS through at leaSt one of the N con11ectionS fof any felative position of the SWitcheS vvith the exceptlon of only those felative sWitch posftions of Which ooffespondence fS attained, and (c) to eStablish inoperative felations betvveen the SWftches thfough the conneotions for those fe19 tive positionS at Which coffespondence is 8ttined 'of a better undefStanding of the 'pfesent in vention. togethef vvith othef and fufthef objeots thefeof, fefefence is had to the fo11owing descfip tion taken in oonnection With the occofnpanying dra wing, and ftS Scope Win be pointed out in the appended claimS.

Befeffing now to the drawing, g. 1 is-a Sche nlatic diagfaIn of a nlaSter-Slave sySteff1 in ac cofdance With the pfesent invention and 'ig. 2'

fs 9. chaft which iS used in explaining the con struction of the System i1111Stfated in ,ig. 1,

1,aeferfing now fflofe pafticularly to ,ig. 1 of the dravving, thefe iS inustfated ar lnaSter-slave systen1 in accofdance With the invention Whioh coInpfiSes al InaStef sWitch 50 and a S18ve Svvitch 60, each havfng M dfffefent SWitch posftionS vvhich afe nufnbefed ffon1 1-35, inclusive. A1- fhough it Inay be nnneceSSar in sonoe foflns of the invention, the preSent en1bodinlent en1ployS a master sWitch ond a S18ve SWitoh Which afe constfucted in tvvo pafts. Each ffloSfef SWitch and each slave SWitch aSo inoludes N con ductive contoctS, Specificany a tot1 of seven stationary confctS deSignoted by the fefefenoe chafactefs l, inclusive, Which, if the embodiment of the invefltion i1111Strated, oofrespond fn 7ooot1on to the fespec3fve sWitch posftionS 17 ino13slve. Ao cordingly, the number of stotfonory oontoots 13 fs gfeotef than fouf ond is substo113137ly less thon fhe nun1bef of switoh poSitions 33.

Te master sWitch 5 is preferably g anu1y opefob7e Svvitch While the slove SWitoh 33 fs prof efobly. although not neoessorfly, o fel1fotoly 1o ooted slave svvitoh, the dfive offongonlen3 fof Wch Wn1 be descnbed subsequently. The m ster svvftoh inoludes at leoSt one nfovoble nfen1bef pfefefably a. fotatable disc 3l vvf1fch includes oon duotive and insulating poftions 33 ood 33, fespectively. In the inustfoted eInbodffnent, tWo dfsos 3l and 3l ofe ooupled fof ooncuffent opef ofion by on conventional nleons suoh os o ooo1- mon drive shaft 32, ShoWn diogfan1fnatfoony by the bfoken-1ine oonstfuotion. The body portions of the diScS 37 and 3l oonSist of the oonduc3ive poffions 33, 33. 'I'fle oonngufotion of the ffs1113,3- 111 poftions of the paif of disos 3l ond 3l'v117 be descfibed in detan hefeinaf3ef The pefiph efo1 poftionS of these diScs afe' odapted 3o engoge the stationary oontaots 7, inc1uSfve Whfle tho disos 3 and 3l afe being oonourfently n1oved 3o one of the thirtyfive diffefent posit1ons.

f1e Slave sWitch 33 vvhich is genefany Siff1i1a1' to the n1aSte1 switch 33. includeS a. pafr of unioontfolled fotatable diScs 37 8nd 3 vvf1ioh afe n1eohanica17y ooupled thfough al oon11T1on dfive shoft 32 conventionony shoWn in bfoken7ine oonstruction. The rotatable disos 3l ond 3| are, in tufn, adapted to be driven through a, shoft 33 by o driving nleans Suoh as an eleotfio n1otof 33. The fotatable disos 3f and 3l of the slove SWitoh 33 include oonductive poftions 33 and fnsulating portions 37 vvf1ich are generally oon1- plen1entafy to the ooffeSponding portions of the n1aster switch, 33. AS pfeviouSly 1nentioned, the sWitoh 33 also inoludeS Seven Stationary oon3acts nun1befed 7, incluSive, vvffich are ,Seleotively engaged by the individua1 periphera1 poftions of the discs 37 and 3| during fotation of the lotter.

I,1e 1T1aStef-slave Systen1 alSo inoludes oonneo tionS betvveen ooffesponding ones of the Station ary oontacts of the nlastef SWitch and the Slave sWitoh. These oonneotions ooII1pfise suitable Sig no1tfans1ting nleans such aS conduotfve vvire oonneotionS betWeen the stationofy contacts l-3, inolusive assooiated vvith the fo3atab7e diSo 3l and the ooffesponding oontaotS of the Totota ble dIso 3 as we11 as Wife oonnections betvveen oon toot 7 of diso 3 and the Simnany numbered oontaot of diSo 3 It Win be fnanifest, hoWevef, thot other Wen-known equivalent Signa1-transloting Ineans such as fadio transInltters at the f1aSter-SWitch poftion of the systen1 and Tadio rooeivefs at the slave-Svvitoh poftion of the syS ten1 fnay be en1ployed in plaoe of the inustrated solid-Wire oonneotions, and that the conductive Wire oonnections fepresent but one of nunfefous useful Signal-tfanslating lneons.

T'he nla,Stef-slave SySten1 alSo inoludes IneanS effectively interoonneoting the n1aster svvftoh 33 ond the slave sWitoh 33. This meons compriSeS the ground connections fof the Witches. vviTes 73, 73 are connected to the oonduotive portions 33, 33 of the disoS 3l and 3 thfough conven tfonal brushes 7, 7 and are connected to ,gfoond throogh a vvire 72 and a soufoe of potentia7 suoh as al battery 73. fosheS 73, 73 oontaot the oon ductive portionS 33, 33 of the dfsos 3l and 3l ond are connected to ground through Wires 73, 73, the Inotor 33, and al relay vvinding 73. doofping of dynaInic bfaking Tesfstor 73 is oon 11ected in Shunf Wlth the notof 33 through o sWftch blode 33 Whfoh is BSsooiated Wfth the re7oy Winding 73 Blade 33 fS orranged to be closed When Winding 73 js deenergizeo and opened When the lotter is energfzed.

The xnaStef Svvftoh 33 ond the s7ave svvitoh 33 aro oonstfuoted vifh feferenoe to each othef Wlth the oonduotive ond the inSuloting poftionS 33 ond 33, respectively, of the Inaster sW1tch in oofresponding felotionS to the insuloting ond the oonductive portionS 37 9nd 33, respeotively, of the s19.ve sv7itoh. The InaSter sWitch 33 and the slave svitch 33 ofe oddftionaHy oonstTucted in oocofdonoe vvith the felotion vvflefein P is al nuInber Which doeS not exoeed, but preferobly is 1ess than oneha7f the nuInber 13, to establish (o) operative Telations betWeen the oonduotive poftions of the SWitches for the n1otof 33 through a nloxinfun1 of 1 of the con neotions nufnbered 7, inolusive, (7)) opefative felations betvveen the oonductive poftionS of the svvitoheS foI, 3he Inotof 33 through at leost one of the fT conneotlons fof any fe7ative posftion of the sWitohes Wfth the exception of only thoSe felative svvitoh positions at Which coffeSpond ence is attained, and (o) to establish inopefotlve reladtionS betWeen the SWitoheS thfough the foro going fT conneotions for those positionS at Whioh ooffeSpondence is ottained.

,f1e obove-Inentioned relotion iS thefefore on expression fol the nun1bef of coInbinatfons 7f Whioh fnay be pfocufed v,ith 17 things taken of al fnaximum of P a3 a time. n the described SyS- tefn, the thiftyfive svvitoh positionS ooffespond to the nuInbef M While the seven Stationory oontactS correspond to the tern1 f7. It is to be noted that in the design of a InaSter-slave SyS tem at leaSt one of the favctofs M or N 1s known, it very often being the latter, Since that factof is estabHshed by the fequireInents of the SyStem for a particulaT use. T1e other faotorS, thefe foTe, may be determined by substituting the known values in the obove equation, The te1Tn 1 in the equation, aS applied to the inStant Sys ten1, enains to the Inaxinlum number of N conduotive oonnections of WifeS Whioh aTe to be utilized at alny one tiIne to oarry current. ft has been detern1ined expefhnentally and Inathe- Inaticany that the selected number of Wires P Should 11ot exceed oneho1f of the total 1`7 vvifeS a.nd, fof the siInplest desigf1 this num-ber Should be lesS than one-half of the nun1ber of Wires f3, Aooordingly, the InaxiInnIn nufnber of the seven vvifes vvhich are to oarry ouTrents at any onn thno sho111d be three for the described SyStem,

S1nce it has been established by the equatfon that a -poSition Inastef-Slave SySteIn With seven oonneotionS betWeen stationory contaots is fea sible, there reInains the deternlination of the eleotrioal conneotions vvhich are neceSSory Within the nlaStef SWitoh and a7so the slave Svvitch. This fflay be gfeatly faoilitated by the oonS3fuc ton and the l1Se' of al ohaft of the type i111stroted in g. 2, Whefein the hofizonto1 divisionS ofe equal in nunfbef to the seven oonnectfons betWeen the stationary contoots and the vertica1 divisions 3fe equa in nuInbef to the thiftyflve SWitch positions, For each of the thiffyf3ve positions, a nlaxin111In of three vvires nlay coffy oufrent of any one tiIne Beginning With posftion 1, vorious ofoss nlarkS aTe inserted in the dffferent squares to denote the voriouS oon1bin33fons of vvfres vv11ich fnaly be eInployed to ooffy ouffent fof eooh SWftoh poSftion. or exonlple, Wfth the nlaster SWitof1in posftion 1, oonneoting Wffes l, 2, ond 5, os fepre Sented by the oross Inofks, fe selected to oaffy ouffent ff necesSary to energize the motor 52 to drfve the Slove sWftoh to 9. posftion of coffespon dence of to posftion numbef 1. connecting Wires l2, incluSfve, thefefofe oonnot oarfy oufrent of any tiIne When the InaSter swltch fs in ftS oSftlon nun1bef 1 regardlesS of the poSition of the slave switch, as has been estobliShed frofn the above Stated equation and the ohofce of wireS wf1ioh afe cffy ouffent- Sffnilafly fof' posftiof1 2 of the naSter svvitch, only the ooInbination of wire oonnections 2, 5, and 4 Inay cofry ourent whi1e for pos1tion 3 only the combination of Wires 5-5, inoluSive, Inay oafry ouffent. This chafting of fhe posSible three-Wire con1binations 1S contlnued fof the Tenlafffing sWitoh positfonS 435, inclusive, eoch ooInbinotion being entfrely dffferent ffoIn any other.

In the pfe1ifninary deSign of tfle fn Ster and Slove switohes, a papef tefnplote Sin1flaf to the afrangenlent illustTated in ig. 1 is particularly usefu1, Whefein each of the fototable disos is Totaab1y fnounted So thalt the d1Scs nlay be Inoved froIn one posftion to the next posftion while the dfSposition of the oonduotive and inSulating porfonS of the switohes are being Tnarked out on the dfSc. fhe inSulating portions can then be marked on the disos in penoi1 oS they ofe defermined so fhat they TeSemble the dark penpheral fegions of fhe discs 5l and 5 of E,ig. 1 of the dravving. Thus, Wifh the indioatof of the fnaSter SWitoh 5n set of poSftion 1, the pefiphery of the conductive poftionS 53, 53 of each of the discS 5! and 5f fxi11 engage each of the stationafy contacts f3, inclusive, thereby Inaking a conductive connection therewith while the periphera1 portions oontiguouS With oontactS 2, 5, and 5 Should be nofched or fnolude insulatlng matefiaL as Shown in fg. 1 of the dravving. It Wi11 be noted that oint T for the diSc 5! hos no connection extend ing to the Slave switoh whne the contact oooperating wifh the diSc 5 inoludeS an electrica1 contact Whioh, fo1 the ooInbination in1nlediately under conSidefation, cannot be in cifo11it. Ao cofdingly, insulation is unneoeSSafy on the pefiphefy of the diSc 5l near the pofnt While it iS requifed on the diSc 5l at the ooTfeSponding poSition. It Should be noted at fhis point that the Slave switch 55 interfuptS any oirouit oonnections When in aL position of oorreSpondence vvith the InaSter svvitoh 5u. consequently, the in- Sulating poftionS of the d1Sos 5l and 5 are in fecipfoca1 TelationShip to the conductive periph eTal portionS, respeotively, of the corresponding disos 5l and 5l and vfoe vefSa. In vieW of thiS nlutual relationship, the connguration of the discs on the In astef svvitoh effeotively deterInineS the Shape of the disos of the Slave switch, so that detailed reference to the design of the latter is unneoessary.

In carrying o11t the next step in the oonStruction, the disos 5 and 5i of svitoh 5 are then moved to posftion 2 and fhe ohart of ig. 2 is again referfed to. The periphery of the diso 5l Inakes aJ oonduotive connectfon vvith contacts 2, 3, and 2 While oontactS 5, 5, and T are not in oirouit. The fnsulating pefiphera1 fegfons of the diSc afe Inarked aocofdingly. f SiIT1ilaf Inark ing on the diSc 5l to signffy insulation is Inade for oontaot T adiaoent diSo 5l, this being the only oontaot assooiated vvith the lost-Inentioned diSo. he dlSo 5l and 5| fe then indexed to poSition 3 and the ohoft fs utned o ofn for outlfning tho conduotive ond insulotfng peffphero1 poftfons of the dlsos. The olorkfog` opefotfon fs oontfnued fof each of the refnainfng SWftoh posftfons unt11 a11 the insuloting perfpheral poftfons of the rotofs 5l ond 5l hove been nofked of lofd out Be ferring again to the ohort of f,fg. 2, ft Win be ob Sefved that of posftfon 8 thefe o cfosS mork fof connectionnumber thos indfo ting that the latter Inust oafry ouffent. In vfeW of the potteTn Which the periphefy of the dfso 5| ooqufred fof the preoeding poSitfonS 17, inolusfve, a seoond diso, narnely the dlso 5l, fS fequ1Teo to establfsh operative relations thfough the SWitohes since a single diSc Will not Sufnce. It hos been deterInined that When the con1binatfons ofe seected ln the manner inustfated in g. 2, Whefein the ofoss InarkS aSSume a diogonal pattern, the preSence of foor onSeoutive Inarks ln o horizonto1 1ine indicates graphicany the need fof o Seoond diso fof both the Inastef swftch and the Slave SWitch. Thus, froTn the infoTInatfon deflved in the In nneT explained above, operatfve efnbodffnents of the two Sections of the nlasteT SWftoh 5" may be con- Struoted. The disos 5! and 5f of the Slave swftoh B bear anfnvefSe Teloffonsfffp, ffofn a oonductivity Standpoint, to the coffeSpondin portions of the nloSter Witch 5. In vlew of thfS relation ship, it is relatively easy to oonstfuct the tWo SectioffS of the slave switch 55.

s11itable fneonS Suoh S fndfoatorS B3, 83 Inay be eInployed in conneotion vvfth the Totafy disos to indicate the positions thereof vfth respeot to each of the Svvitoh poSftionS. 'The Inaster-Slave SySteIn n1ay also inofude 8 contfoHed unft B Which iS responSivefo the opefotion of the drlving Tnofor 54- Controned unft 8f fs connected to and driven by the Inotor 52 thfou h suitable fneanS Such aS a dfive Shaft 82. 4

considering now the o eration of the systeIn of Pig. 1, it Wi11 be assufned if1itfsLlly that the Slave SWitch 5D rests on position 2 and that the nlaster switch 5o iS a.djuSted to positlon 1. Since the foregoing two SWitohes afe not in ooffeSponding poSitionS, o oircllit is eStabHShed through the SvvitcheS So that the battery 73 opefates the n1otor 54. The current ow is from the battefy T3 thfough the coonectfons 22 and 2 fo the brush Tl Which feSts on the conduotfve portion 53 of diSc 5, thence to the statfonafy oontact l and connection l to oontaot f of the slave SWitoh 55, and then through the oonductfve poftion 55 of diSc 5l, bruSh f5, conneotion T5, the fnotor 52, and the relay winding 25 to ground. The ener giZation of relay windlng 75 is effectlve to open the switch blaoe so, theTeby dfsconnecting the dynamic braking feSfStof 25 from the motor cifcuit- Motor 52 thereupon dfives the dfsos 5| and o! of the SWitch s by way of the ShaftS 52 and 53 and alSo opefateS oontroned unit Bl through the shaft 82. It Wi11 be noted that only one of the seven oonnectfonS betvveen the InaSter and the S1ave svvitch fS caffyfng ourrent of thiS partic111ar fnonlent since the fnsulafing portions on diSc 5 isolate the ofher sfx conneotfons. The n1otof of drives Svvitcf15o to position 3 Whereupo oonnections I and 2 corry current. After the Switch 5" has beef indexed to posftfon f, oonneo tions l, 2, and 5 are eneTg1zed. vvhen the fotary diScS of the Slave svvftoh 52 hove been indexed around to poSitfon 1 So that ooffespondenoe in position With the master sWftoh 5ll fS attained, oeftain of the ins111ating portfons on the pefiphery of disos 5l and 5l inteffupt the f1ow of oufrent to the motof. ThfS deenefgfzes the feloy Wind- 13 hof the nutnber N, to estobHsh (o) opeTotive re1ations betWeen said conductive portions of salid SWtohos through 8. n18xiInun1 of P of soid oon 1ectiol18, (b) to estabnsh operative Telations be v tvveen soid conduotive portions of Said Svitches through ot leost one of said N oonnections for ony relotive position of soid sWitohes With the eXoep tion of on1y those Telative svvitoh poSitions ot vvhIch correspondence ls attained, and (c) to es t8blish inoperotive relations betWeen said svvitcheB through Boid connections 1!or those relotive posl tions ot Which oorroSpondence is ottned.

13. L lnoster-Slove systen1 coInprising= a xnanuo11y operable InoSteT sWitoh and 8. Temotely 10- c ted S1ve sWitch ealch hEving M dierent SWitch positions ond eooh inouding 1 T stotlonaTy oon tocts v7heTe T 1s o numbor greateT than four but ubStnt1 11y1ess th8n 1; driving means for said sove sv71tch; oonneotions betvveen corresponding onos of soid stotionory oontaots; said IIloster SWitch ond soid slave sW1tohbeing constructed vith Toferenoo to eoch other ond 111 ooooTd noe vvith the =elotion M N(N1 (N2) (N-P+1 14 Whereln P iS o, number Which does not exceed one ho the numbe! N, fo establish (o) opetative re otionB betWeen sold sWitches or said driving 11eons through o noxinIuIn of P of said connec tions, (o) to estob11sh operonve relot1ons betWeen S8id switches for sBid dnving mens through 8t eost one o Soid N connections for any relative position of sMd SWitohes With the exception of onl those relotive sWitch ositions at which cor- Tespondence is attained, ond (o) to estab11Bh inoperative relBtlons betWeen s id svvitches for said dTiving nleons through soid connoctions for thooo relotive positions at Whloh oorrespondenoe 18 ottB1ned; and dnven Tneans ooupled to said ddving n1eon for positioning thereby.

NIcEOLAs v. DoTo REFEBENoES cITED T11e fondWing refeTeT es are of tecord in

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