US2474220A - Pulse receiving circuit - Google Patents

Pulse receiving circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US2474220A
US2474220A US473272A US47327243A US2474220A US 2474220 A US2474220 A US 2474220A US 473272 A US473272 A US 473272A US 47327243 A US47327243 A US 47327243A US 2474220 A US2474220 A US 2474220A
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Prior art keywords
tube
relay
potential
current
condenser
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Expired - Lifetime
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US473272A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lucien A B Cabes
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q1/00—Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
    • H04Q1/18—Electrical details
    • H04Q1/30—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents
    • H04Q1/44—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current
    • H04Q1/442—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current with out-of-voice band signalling frequencies
    • H04Q1/4423—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current with out-of-voice band signalling frequencies using one signalling frequency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to signal transmission systems, and more particularly to pulse receiving circuits.
  • One feature of the invention is the use of a pair of cold-cathode tubes as relay control means in a signal receiving circuit.
  • Another feature of the invention is the use of a single carrier wave frequency for lighting temporarily and alternately the two cold cathode tubes, one being lit during the presence of the signaling current and the other during the absence of the signaling current.
  • Fig. 1 shows a simple embodiment of the invention, illustrating the principles of operation thereof
  • FIGs. 2 and 3 show different embodiments utilizing the basic principles of the invention, each embodiment presenting certain individual advantages;
  • Fig. 4. illustrates further application of this invention, in the form of an impulse corrector
  • Fig. 5 shows a complete circuit for applying this invention to a telephone or similar system for the establishing of connections, in the form of a dial impulse receiving device.
  • Fig. 1 the incoming signaling line is terminated in a transformer T, the secondary winding of which is connected to a, circuit, comprising rectifier R, condensers C1 and C2, resistances r1, r2, rs and n, a potentiometer P and energizing battery therefor, a stepping relay Sr and two cold cathode tubes L1 and L2.
  • a transformer T the secondary winding of which is connected to a, circuit, comprising rectifier R, condensers C1 and C2, resistances r1, r2, rs and n, a potentiometer P and energizing battery therefor, a stepping relay Sr and two cold cathode tubes L1 and L2.
  • the cold cathode tube referred to is of the well known type, which requires a specific control gap breakdown potential Vx to light the control gap between the two electrodes e1 and 62, Whereas a substantially higher main gap breakdown potential Vy is required to light the main gap between the anode A and either of the two electrodes e1 and (22.
  • a sustaining potential V2 which may be considerably lower than Vy, is sufficient to maintain a current in the main gap.
  • the first half wave that arrives has a direction such that the voltage inducted in the secondary Winding of transformer T has the direction assumed as positive and indicated by the arrow in full lines, which means, that the induced secondary Voltage will be aiding the biasing potential between Z and B.
  • the values of the respective voltages are so chosen that the sum of these two voltages will be greater than the control gap breakdown voltage; the tube L1 will therefore be lit by the action of the total potential impressed thereupon.
  • the tube may be extinguished or may remain lit. This depends on the value of the biasing potential, the magnitude of the induced voltage, the time constant of the circuit and the frequency of the alternating current.
  • the tube will become extinguished and will then relight during the following positive half Wave, as explained above.
  • tube L1 will remain lit also during the negative half Wave.
  • control gap of tube L1 remains permanently lit during the duration of the signal or not, has no influence on the operation of the system, as will be explained later.
  • the voltage induced in the secondary winding of T has a direction as indicated by the arrow in dotted lines. This voltage causes a current to flow in a closed circuit, comprising the secondary winding of T.
  • tube L2 In the state of rest, tube L2 is lit and a current flows through resistance 1'4 in series with the anode A of tube L2. Condenser C2 is charged, point D being effectively grounded and point E being brought to a potential Vy equal to the main gap sustaining voltage.
  • tube L1 When the signaling current is applied, tube L1 will be lit during the positive half wave, thereby establishing a current through its anode in series with relay Sr, which operates and closes its front contact.
  • anode current point D By the flow of anode current point D is now suddenly raised to a potential equal to Vy, with the result that condenser C2 discharges.
  • the discharge current increases the drop of potential across resistance n, which in turn causes the potential on the anode of tube L2 to fall below the value of the main gap sustaining voltage, thereby interrupting the main gap current of this tube.
  • control gap of tube L2 is also extinguished, as previously explained, whereafter tube L2 remains extinguished until the signal ceases.
  • one pulse consisting of a certain number of cycles of alternating current, results in the alternate lighting and extinction of the two tubes and in the operation of relay Sr during the entire presence of the signaling current.
  • the incoming alternating current which constitutes the carrier current, is interrupted (or modulated) a various number of times, the number of interruptions (or modulation fre quency), characterising the signal to be transmitted, will be reproduced by the stepping relay S1.
  • Fig. 2 differs from the arrangement of Fig. l in that the cold-cathode tube L1 is provided with an exterior electrode H.
  • This modified construction results in a certain degree of simplification, only one biasing potential being now required.
  • the exterior electrode acts a regulator of the main gap breakdown voltage of the tube, while the corresponding sustaining voltage is not influenced.
  • the arrangement in Fig. 2 is such that the arrival of the first positive half wave on the electrode H causes the breakdown of the main gap and lights the tube.
  • Fig. 8 shows a circuit arrangement which provides a substantially distortionless reproduction of the signals. This result has been obtained by the introduction of the following principal alterations of the foregoing circuits.
  • FIG. 3 the secondary winding of transformer T is separated into two windings, each of which is associated with a fullwave rectifier bridge R1, R2, respectively.
  • the output points I and 2 of each of these rectifiers are connected in series with the biasing potentials of the control electrodes 61 and e2, of the two cold-cathode tubes.
  • the two cathodes 62 of both tubes are connected to the negative pole of the battery.
  • Condenser C has the same function as explained above in connection with Fig. 1, i. e. its alternate charge and discharge results in the extinction of tube L1 at the end of the pulse and the extinction of tube L2 at the beginning of the subsequent impulse.
  • the polarized relay Sr' has one operating winding inserted in each of the anode circuits of L1 and L2.
  • the purpose of this arrangement is to eliminate possible sources of distortion, due to the time of operation of this relay.
  • Fig. 4 shows the application of an additional arrangement to the circuit of Fig. 3, as an impulse corrector.
  • the basic idea underlying this application is the introduction of an artificial means of distortion in the anode circuits. It will be seen from Fig. 4 that two resistances rs and T6 are inserted in series with the windings of relay Sr and that a, high resistance potentiometer P1 is bridged across the two anode leads to Sr. The sliding contact of potentiometer P1 is grounded via a resistance n.
  • the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 represents a practical application of the invention to a telephone system or similar system for the establishing of connections in the form of a dial impulse receiving device.
  • the incoming line MM terminates in the primary winding of a transformer T, connected in series with a capacity C1 and a self-inductance 11, adjusted to resonance with i the signaling frequency used.
  • the secondary winding of the transformer is preferably shunted by a condenser C2, so designed that resonance is obtained.
  • the two cold-cathode tubes L1 and L2 are connected in a manner similar to that shown in Fig. 1, with difierent biasing potentials on the two control electrodes.
  • the different biasing potentials are stabilized by means of a third cold-cathode tube L, of the same type as L1 and L2.
  • the function of a cold-cathode tube as stabilizer is due to the fact that the potential across the discharge therein varies little, irrespective of current changes. This is well known in the art and therefore it will not be necessary to explain it in detail.
  • the biasing potential on the electrode er of tube L1 is imposed thereupon via a very high resistance T2, in order to permit the use of one stabilizer tube L common to a plurality of impulse receiving devices.
  • An impulse corrector comprising a potentiometer P1 and a resistance 1'': is connected in parallel to relay S1, and this corrector functions in the same way as explained above in connection with Fig. 4.
  • tube L1 When the first positive half wave of the first pulse arrives, tube L1 is lit, and relays Sr and H1 operate. Tube L2 remains extinguished.
  • Each subsequent pulse is received in the same manner.
  • System for reception of wired carrier currents including transformer means for collecting said carrier currents from the line, two cold cathode tubes connected so as to be fed with said currents from said transformer means, means for keeping the first tube lighted under no-signal conditions including biasing potentials applied to the control electrodes of said tube, means for extinguishing said first tube when a signal is received including bias changing means connected to the control electrodes of said tube, means for lighting the second tube when a signal is received and including means for changing the control bias applied to said second tube, and a polarized relay with two windings, each of which is inserted in the anode circuit of one of the two cold-cathode tubes, whereby incoming current pulses cause the reversal of lighting of the two tubes and the actuation of said relay means.
  • the secondary winding of the transformer consists of two separate windings, each winding being connected to the input terminals of a separate bridge rectifier, of which the output terminals are connected in series with the biasing potentials of the two cold-cathode tubes so as to oppose the biasing potential of said first tube and to aid the biasing potential of said second tube.
  • the secondary winding of the transformer consists of two separate windings, each winding being connected to the input terminals of a separate bridge rectifier, of which the output terminals are connected in series with the biasing potentials of the two cold-cathode tubes in such a manner that the first half wave of the incoming carrier current pulse will light the second tube and extinguish the first tube, and also having another condenser connected in shunt tothe control anode of said second cold-cathode tube, to delay the lighting of said second tube by the charging time of said condenser.
  • a system according to claim 1 also including a slow releasing relay controlling the cathode circuit of said first tube, and responsive to the operation of said polar relay to close said cathode circuit.
  • System including means for causing the potential induced in the secondary winding of the transformer by the incoming carrier current to be of such a magnitude, that the arithmetical sum of the peak of said potential and the biasing potential of the second cold-cathode tube is greater than the control gap breakdown voltage of said second tube, thus causing the lighting of said second tube during the first transformer secondary half wave having a potential of the same direction as the biasing potential of the first tube, and thereby establishing current through said relay means.
  • System according to claim 1 including a source of biasing potential for applying a bias to the control anodes of each of said two cold-cathode tubes, the biasing potential of the first tube being greater, and of the second tube less than the tube control gap breakdown voltage.
  • System for reception of wired carrier currents including transformer means for collecting said carrier currents from the line, two coldcathode tubes, means for keeping the first tube lighted under no-signal conditions, an ohmic resistance and shunting condenser connected in series with one transformer secondary lead and a non-linear resistance connected also in series with the transformer secondary and said ohmic resistance, in which the transformer secondary negative half waves having a potential opposing the bias of the second tube cause a current to flow in a closed circuit, comprising the secondary winding of the transformer, the ohmic resistance shunted by the condenser and the non-linear resistance, the arrangement being such that said ohmic resistance is also inserted in series with the biasing potential of the first cold-cathode tube, and that the potential created across said ohmic resistance by the secondary potential is opposite in direction to the biasing potential of the first tube, and of such a magnitude that the resulting voltage across the electrodes of the first tube is smaller than the tube control gap sustaining voltage, means for lighting the
  • said relay means comprise a condenser connected between the anodes of the two tubes and a resistance and relay connected in series with each other and in shunt with said condenser, and the anode feed potential is connected to the common terminal of said relay and resistance, whereby the alternate extinction of the main gap of the two cold cathode tubes is under control of the circuit comprising a combination of relay, a resistance and a condenser, the arrangement being such that the alternate charge and discharge of said anode condenser causes alternately the anode potential of the two tubes to be reduced to a value smaller than the main gap sustaining voltage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US473272A 1941-07-11 1943-01-22 Pulse receiving circuit Expired - Lifetime US2474220A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2474220X 1941-07-11

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US2474220A true US2474220A (en) 1949-06-28

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US473272A Expired - Lifetime US2474220A (en) 1941-07-11 1943-01-22 Pulse receiving circuit

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US (1) US2474220A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR883649A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL56428C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1932606A (en) * 1932-06-11 1933-10-31 American Telephone & Telegraph Gas filled discharge tube control system
US1964110A (en) * 1931-11-10 1934-06-26 American Telephone & Telegraph Control system
US2022030A (en) * 1935-02-16 1935-11-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signaling system
US2104142A (en) * 1935-12-27 1938-01-04 American Telephone & Telegraph Gas-filled tube circuits
US2214572A (en) * 1939-04-25 1940-09-10 Press Wireless Inc Printing telegraph motor control method and apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1964110A (en) * 1931-11-10 1934-06-26 American Telephone & Telegraph Control system
US1932606A (en) * 1932-06-11 1933-10-31 American Telephone & Telegraph Gas filled discharge tube control system
US2022030A (en) * 1935-02-16 1935-11-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signaling system
US2104142A (en) * 1935-12-27 1938-01-04 American Telephone & Telegraph Gas-filled tube circuits
US2214572A (en) * 1939-04-25 1940-09-10 Press Wireless Inc Printing telegraph motor control method and apparatus

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NL56428C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR883649A (fr) 1943-07-09

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