US2468441A - Cavity resonator electron tube - Google Patents

Cavity resonator electron tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2468441A
US2468441A US703013A US70301346A US2468441A US 2468441 A US2468441 A US 2468441A US 703013 A US703013 A US 703013A US 70301346 A US70301346 A US 70301346A US 2468441 A US2468441 A US 2468441A
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output
cavity
slot
resonator
electron
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US703013A
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Harries John Henry Owen
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/78—Tubes with electron stream modulated by deflection in a resonator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electron beam valves and, more particularly speaking to valves furnished with an electrical cavity resonator.
  • a reection type of velocity modulation valve furnished with a single resonant cavity has an eiiciency, in practice, of only the order of about or less and that of a diode furnished with a single resonant cavity is even less.
  • One of the objects, therefore, of the present invention is to produce an electron beam valve provided with a single cavity resonator in which cavity there is an internal eld of shape, magnitude, and direction such that a comparatively high eii'iciency is produced, and a further object of the invention is to provide resonant cavities for use in such valves, which are large at a given wavelength compared with those hitherto available.
  • an electron beam valve is furnished with a resonator in which there are an input sub-cavity, a main sub-cavity and an output sub-cavity, abutting in that order one upon the other, the input and main sub-cavities being separated by an input septum, and the main and output sub-cavities being separated by an output septum;
  • the outside wall of the input sub-cavity is formed with a beam entrance aperture across an axis which is common to the three sub-cavities while the input septum is substantially complete except for a substantially parallel-sided deflection slot lying across the said axis;
  • the output septum is also substantially complete except for the provision of a substantially parallel-sided slot lying across the said axis, and a grid is placed alongside that slot; the deiiection slot and the slot in the output septum are parallel;
  • the cathode and beam forming means are arranged so that the electron beam when produced will pass through
  • the grid may be provided-l with yone aper-v ture or many of circular, rectangularforwother shapes.
  • a part of the outside wall of the output cavity is conveniently arranged to'project towards the output septum opposite the area of ,fthatse'ptumf wherefthe gridor.grids are placed.
  • Figure l is vran. explanatory 'diagram of i yelectric ⁇ elds
  • Figure 2 is an axial section' fof. a'complete .valve iinraccordancetwith itheiV invention
  • Figure 10 isla section of-a somewhat modi- ⁇ V ⁇ ed Ar form4 .of y cavity resonator;
  • Figure 14 isa dia'gramfof a-cavity4 resonator to: illustrate I modes "of application of lthe fvinven- I 7 resonance lat which" ther Figure 13: isf. aplan Lofa1nlumber-off'cavity respose, the beam enters the field system at a velocity vox in the 0.7: direction, and passes first through an 01u-directed or transverse input oscillatory eld 2. This eld 2 causes the beam to be deflected transversely in an oscillatory manner between the two positions 3 and 4 shown by the dotted lines.
  • diagrammaticallyrasiwell as lan :electron 4QA beam I. which isI representeddiagrarnmatically as '-fli-avingfibeenf produced by xian ⁇ electron f @gunfvvof "Lknownvtypeicomprisingalstraightwcathodef and shieldr-'l at ori near-cathode potential.
  • Inv lorderflto ⁇ faccelere/telfthebeam 'throughjl the f/.entrance-"slotl ll nfthis armer-fthe resonators is lfmaintainedLby -ttery, r?? the" ⁇ like V(notishown), ⁇ at apositivepotential'Vswithf-respect totheca'tho'de; .applied .toa terminalftll.
  • Such a fresonantf-fcavi-tylf f possesses -a f mode lof xistsmanfintense oscilllatoryelectrieldacros ⁇ .the "slot f l2 g l which" elcl fisf/ transverse to the initial1 entran-ce directionffof theellectroriibeam i l.
  • the electric lfield fin “the space 5 is much weaker than that in the slotCI'Z, ofbutisfialso fr'substantially: itransverse toftheienzztrancefdirectiorrofthefelctronbeam. fTliereal'so -Jex-ist two outputfeldsoini the?.
  • These two output elds at the gaps I5, I6 haye directions substantially parallel to the entrance direction of the electron beam at the entrance slot I I, and are 180 degrees out of phase with each other, that is to say, they are in pushpull.
  • the electric iields in the cavity resonator 8 in Fig. 2 are part of the same system, and energy delivered from the electron beam I to the output elds in the spaces I5, I6 will appear in the input deflection field in the slot I2. If the phase relation between the deiiections at the slot I2 and at the output fields at I and I6 is appropriate, and the losses of the system are not too great, then the beam I will be set into continuous tranverse oscillation, and the system will generate oscillatory energy.
  • the resonant cavity 8 in Fig. 2 consists of three sub-cavities which will A'be referred to respectively as the input sub-cavity Aonators constructed according to the invention,
  • the ratio K is adjustable in a smooth and continuous manner by adjusting the relative dimensions of the sub-'cavities I9 and 20. K Will Ibe recognised as somewhat equivalent to a Acontrol of regeneration, and may be adjusted if required so that continuous oscillations are produced.
  • the backing plate I3 may be removed, and the electrons vin the beam I after passing through the pairs of grids gl g2, g3, g4, may be collected in a bucket or like electrode (not shown) which should be of low enough potential to waste as little energy as possible.
  • the cavity resonator in accordance with the invention may conveniently be manufactured of copper pressings shown separated in Fig. 4 and which are welded together by mounting them on -a jig in a vacuum with silver foil interleaved between them and heating them by means of an eddy current furnace, until the silver foil placed between the pressings is melted and welds the
  • the main sub-cavity 8 is formed of two cup-like ele- -ments joined together in axial alignment with their open ends in abutting relation
  • are formed respectively of cup-like elements of smaller size arranged in axial alignment with cups 29 and 30 and having their open ends joined respectively to the outside faces of the bottom walls of cups 29 and 30.
  • Fig. 2 shows a section of a resonator constructed in this way. It is shown in greater detail in Figs. 3 and 4.
  • Figure 3 shows diagrammatically the beam I when undeflected, and a half-section in perspective of the cavity resonator 8 illustrated in Fig. 2, together with the nomenclature of certain important dimensions of the resonator.
  • the beam entrance slot I I is 1.7 mm. X 5.5 mm. long. Its length must not be so great that appreciableradio frequency energy is radiated through it when the resonator is in operation.
  • the electron beam I is preferably arranged (by suitable known design of the electron gun 9, I0, Fig. 2
  • Fig. 6 shows a section of the resonator model.
  • the copper plate previously mentioned covers the plane of symmetry 45.
  • the transverse electric field E on this plane is plotted (as shown) in terms of Ex, that is, the ordinates of the curve in Figure 6 are in terms of the ratio E/EX.
  • the boundary of a typical undeflected electron beam is shown by the dotted line I and its narrowest point by 46.
  • the scale along the plane of symmetry 45 is divided into inches in the model, which is the equivalent to millimeters in the actual working resonator.
  • Fig. 7 shows a typical graph of transverse eld E along the distance :cH-:v2 on the plane of symmetry such as that shown in Fig. 6, the iield being plotted in terms of Ey, that is, the ordinates of the curve of Figure 7 are in terms of the ratio E/Ey.
  • sub-cavities being of cylindrical conguration as in Figs. 2. 3, 4 and 6, they may be of rectangular or other shape.
  • a rectangular shape is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 9 as a half of the resonator divided along the plane of symmetry.
  • Corresponding reference numerals to those employed in Fig. 3 are used and the construction can be easily followed by comparison with that iigure.
  • resonators Whilst the preferred shape of resonators is that already illustrated, the re-entrant portion 4'! in Figs. 3 and 9 may be omitted. The distance :lf3 may then equal d, and the grids g2 and g4 (Fig. 2) left as before. Such a modified shape is shown diagrammatically in section in Fig. 10. The axis of the undeilected beam is indicated by the dotted line 48.
  • the electrons after passing through the grids g2 and g4 in the output septum G8 in Figs, 2, 3, 8 etc. the electrons may be caught by a backing plate (not shown) or by a low potential bucket.
  • Fig. 1l shows a further modication according to which the grids g2 and g4 are omitted alto gether. This modification may also be applied to the resonators of the kind illustrated in Figs. 2,-
  • the power output efficiency will be less when using this modification than when all four grids gl, g2, g3, g4 are used.
  • Resonant cavities in accordance with the invention may be mounted together and coupled tightly to each other by intercoupling slots in walls common to both cavities so as to.
  • the resonant cavities 8a, 8b, 8c are coupled by slots (not shown) in this manner and are arranged by means of a further slot (not shown) to feed their radio frequency energy into a Wave guide 49, with a Zero potential shield la in which slots 50 are provided, so that three beams of electrons (not shown) pass through these slots into the resonators 8a, 8b and 8c, in accordance with the invention.
  • the shield Illa is shaped in known manner in the neighbourhood of the slots 50, and
  • the three cavity resonators 8a, 8b, 8c can be
  • radio frequency power will be delivered by all three together into the wave guide 49, down which the power may be led to a load (not shown).
  • Fig. 14 shows a cavity resonator 8 as in Fig, 2, with an electron gun 9b, lb, and a beam of elec trons l which is shown undeflected.
  • a probe ⁇ electrode 52 is arranged so that the electrons in the beam l induce a current in the probe 52 which is proportional to the position of the beam i.
  • the current to this probe is led to a controlling means 53, which is operated thereby in accordance with the amplitude of the oscillations of the electron beam I.
  • Potentials from the 'controlling means 53 may be fed back by means of the line 54 shown in dotted lines to the electron gun 9b, 10b, so as to modify the potential of one or more of the electrodes therein.
  • the power output of the device may be stabilsed and controlled.
  • the output from the controlv may be employed not only for the generation of oscillations but for the detection of oscillations and for the reception, as well as for the trans--v mission, of electromagnetic waves.
  • the control of regeneration by the magnitude of K may be used for :many known purposes.
  • the output from the probe 52 in Fig. 14 may be employed for detection purposes, the degree
  • the cathode 9a is provided 1li otveregenerationr 'being ;then ⁇ ⁇ preferably rfsuchfasr notl'to set theV valve into foscillation. f
  • An electron discharge device accordingfftot claim-5 'in' whichthe electron beamproduced by 551' said electr-'on gun 'has its i minimum 'widtli-1 near-"-Y ⁇ thuepoint'atA Which'it'passes throughthe defitio' L slotin ⁇ the' input septum,- andpasses through th'e f1 grdieriv'ents in the output-septum when dei'V iieetedbyf said lde'ecztion slot.
  • An electron discharge device including a pickup probe mounted Within said hollow resonator in a position to be influenced by said electron beam.

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  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US703013A 1945-11-03 1946-10-12 Cavity resonator electron tube Expired - Lifetime US2468441A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB29221/45A GB608047A (en) 1945-11-03 1945-11-03 Improvements relating to electron beam valves

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US2468441A true US2468441A (en) 1949-04-26

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GB (1) GB608047A (en)van)
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2773214A (en) * 1951-02-17 1956-12-04 Jean P Voge Velocity modulation tubes

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2266428A (en) * 1940-09-21 1941-12-16 Int Standard Electric Corp Lateral deflection ultra high frequency tube
US2272165A (en) * 1938-03-01 1942-02-03 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency electrical apparatus
US2275480A (en) * 1938-03-01 1942-03-10 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency electrical apparatus
US2281935A (en) * 1938-04-14 1942-05-05 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Modulation system
US2407708A (en) * 1942-04-24 1946-09-17 Rca Corp Electron discharge device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2272165A (en) * 1938-03-01 1942-02-03 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency electrical apparatus
US2275480A (en) * 1938-03-01 1942-03-10 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency electrical apparatus
US2281935A (en) * 1938-04-14 1942-05-05 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Modulation system
US2266428A (en) * 1940-09-21 1941-12-16 Int Standard Electric Corp Lateral deflection ultra high frequency tube
US2407708A (en) * 1942-04-24 1946-09-17 Rca Corp Electron discharge device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2773214A (en) * 1951-02-17 1956-12-04 Jean P Voge Velocity modulation tubes

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NL76330C (en)van)

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