US2468006A - Electrolytic cleaning of metal - Google Patents

Electrolytic cleaning of metal Download PDF

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US2468006A
US2468006A US34812A US3481248A US2468006A US 2468006 A US2468006 A US 2468006A US 34812 A US34812 A US 34812A US 3481248 A US3481248 A US 3481248A US 2468006 A US2468006 A US 2468006A
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work piece
bath
metal
sodium
sodium chloride
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US34812A
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Hugh G Webster
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
    • C25F1/02—Pickling; Descaling
    • C25F1/12—Pickling; Descaling in melts

Definitions

  • I will relate it as an example to a work piece in the nature of a commercial gray cast-iron piece, partly coated with scale, and partly machined, to be immersed in the bath.
  • Such pieces usually contain,-in the surface, many ingredients which are impurities, and many which are not, but
  • work pieces deposited in a perforated metal basket, may be immersed.
  • An electric current is then applied to that metal basket of such a nature that the work piece, or the basket, forms a cathode, with the bath receptacle or any other element forming the anode.
  • the bath is of a molten salt type and contains a composition comprising a mixture formed by fusing or melting together a predominant or major proportion of a caustic alkali such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in the proportion of 75% to 90% and minor proportions of 7% to 13% sodium chloride, sodium fluoride used in proportions 2% to 6% and sodium aluminate used in proportions of 0.5% to all proportions by weight.
  • a caustic alkali such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in the proportion of 75% to 90% and minor proportions of 7% to 13% sodium chloride, sodium fluoride used in proportions 2% to 6% and sodium aluminate used in proportions of 0.5% to all proportions by weight.
  • the preferred bath is a molten salt bath consisting of about 85% of sodium hydroxide, about 10% sodium chloride, about 4% sodium fluoride, and about 1% sodium aluminate. by weight.
  • the sodium fluoride is used for purposes of removing sand inclusions from the metal surface. Where the metal has no sand as impurity the sodium fluoride may be omitted. For sand-free metal the bath may have a preferred composition 89% caustic soda, 10% sodium chloride and 1% sodium aluminate.
  • the current is first applied with the work piece as acathode; however, if there is no scale, this step may be omitted and the first application ofcurrent may be with the work piece as the anode.
  • the sand may be removed by using the work piece as the cathode.
  • the work piece contains nickel or other ingredients, which are insoluble in the bath, even with the electric current applied, then we first use the process hereof and thereafter immerse the work piece in a suitable acid to remove the nickel or similar ingredients and then we repeat the process hereof to the extent necessary to get the desired results.
  • the temperature of the bath may be between 600 and 1000 degrees Fahrenheit, but optimum results have been obtained at 850-900 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the electrical current is slow alternating or successively reversed direct, of 4 to 6 volts, with a preferred intensity of 50 amperes per square foot. I have found that five minutes has proven satisfactory when the workpiece is an anode and ten to thirty minutes when the work piece is a cathode.
  • a composition for electrolytic cleaning oi metal consisting essentially of a major proportion of caustic alkali and minor proportions oi sodium chloride and sodium aluminate. said sodium aluminate' being present in proportions of .5 to 5% by weight.
  • a composition for electrolytic cleaning of metal consisting essentially in approximate proportions by weight of -90% of caustic soda. 7 to 13% of sodium chloride, and 0.5 to 5% sodium aluminate.
  • a composition for electrolytic cleaning of metal consisting essentially in approximate pro- 3 portions by weight of 75 to 90% caustic soda, 7 to 13% sodium chloride, 2 to 6% sodium fluoride and 0.5 to 5% sodium aluminate.
  • a composition for electrolytic cleaning of metal comprising in approximate proportions by weight 89% caustic soda. 10% sodium chloride and 1% of sodium aluminate.
  • a composition for electrolytic cleaning of metal comprising in approximate proportions by weight 85% caustic soda, 10% sodium chloride,
  • An electrolytic process for transforming the surface of a ferrous metal work piece completely into a layer of pure ferrite comprising immersing the ferrous work piece into a molten salt bath composition consisting essentially in approximate proportions by weight of a major proportion of caustic alkali, a minor proportion of sodium chloride and 0.5 to 5% of sodium aluminate, and directing successively reversed direct currents from the work piece through the bath.
  • An electrolytic process for transforming the surface of a ferrous metal work piece completely into a layer of pure ferrite comprising immersing the ferrous work piece into a molten salt bath composition consisting essentially in approximate proportions by weight of 75 to 90% of caustic soda, 7 to 13% of sodium chloride, and 0.5 to 5% of sodium aluminate, and directing successively reversed direct currents from the work piece through the bath,
  • An electrolytic process for transforming the surface of a ferrous metal work piece completely into a layer of pure ferrite comprising immersing the ferrous work piece'into a molten salt bath composition consisting essentially in approximate proportions by weightof 75 to 90% caustic soda, 7 to 13% of sodium chloride, 2 to 6% of sodium fluoride and 0.5 to 5% of sodium aluminate, and
  • An electrolytic process for transforming the surface of a ferrous metal work piece completely into a layer of pure ferrite comprising immersing the ferrous work piece into a molten salt bath composition consisting essentially in approximate proportions by weight of 89% caustic soda, 10% of sodium chloride and 1% of sodium aluminate, and directing successively reversed direct currents from the work piece through the bath.
  • An electrolytic process for transforming the surface of a ferrous metal work piece completely into a layer of pure ferrite comprising immersing the ferrous work piece into a molten salt bath composition consisting essentially in approximate proportions of 85% sodium hydroxide, 10% sodium chloride, 4% sodium fluoride, and 1% sodium aluminate, by weight, and directing successively reversed direct currents from the work piece through the bath.

Description

Patented Apr. 19, 1949 Hugh G. Webster, Detroit, Mich., assignor to J. H. Shoemaker, Detroit, Mich.
No Drawing. Application June 23, 1948,
, Serial No. 34,812
10 Claims. 21. 204-.145)
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending applications, Serial No; 548,792, filed August 9, 1944 (now abandoned), Serial No. 558,459, filed October 12,1944 (now abandoned) and Serial No. 613,715, filed August 30, 1945, and relates to the art of treating metals and particularly of a method of treating metals electrolytically to cleanthe surface thereof, and a bath for such treatment.
In describing the invention of this application,
I will relate it as an example to a work piece in the nature of a commercial gray cast-iron piece, partly coated with scale, and partly machined, to be immersed in the bath. Such pieces usually contain,-in the surface, many ingredients which are impurities, and many which are not, but
which with the impurities, are to be removed' by the bath hereof, in order to leave the surface a thin layer of pure ferrite.
In the bath, work pieces, deposited in a perforated metal basket, may be immersed. An electric current is then applied to that metal basket of such a nature that the work piece, or the basket, forms a cathode, with the bath receptacle or any other element forming the anode.
Thereupon the current is reversed so that the workpieces or the basket containing them is made the anode, and the receptacle or some other element is made the cathode.
Thereafter the current is reversed again so that the work pieces or the basket containing them is a cathode. This is the final step in the preparation of the work piece surface for the further processing.
The bath is of a molten salt type and contains a composition comprising a mixture formed by fusing or melting together a predominant or major proportion of a caustic alkali such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide in the proportion of 75% to 90% and minor proportions of 7% to 13% sodium chloride, sodium fluoride used in proportions 2% to 6% and sodium aluminate used in proportions of 0.5% to all proportions by weight.
The preferred bath is a molten salt bath consisting of about 85% of sodium hydroxide, about 10% sodium chloride, about 4% sodium fluoride, and about 1% sodium aluminate. by weight.
The sodium fluoride is used for purposes of removing sand inclusions from the metal surface. Where the metal has no sand as impurity the sodium fluoride may be omitted. For sand-free metal the bath may have a preferred composition 89% caustic soda, 10% sodium chloride and 1% sodium aluminate.
'2 i As variations in the process, it is possible to re peat the steps of the process, as much as needed, 3
without taking the work piece out of the bath, and merely by continued applications of current, reversing the current from time to time. This may be prolonged to any extent needed in order to continue the treatment of the metal and to attain a higher and higher degree of purity of the' ferrite surface until the desired maximum is attained.
For other types of work pieces, other variations are possible. If the work piece is covered with scale, partly or wholly, the current is first applied with the work piece as acathode; however, if there is no scale, this step may be omitted and the first application ofcurrent may be with the work piece as the anode.
If the casting has only sand on its surface, the sand may be removed by using the work piece as the cathode.
If the work piece contains nickel or other ingredients, which are insoluble in the bath, even with the electric current applied, then we first use the process hereof and thereafter immerse the work piece in a suitable acid to remove the nickel or similar ingredients and then we repeat the process hereof to the extent necessary to get the desired results.
The temperature of the bath may be between 600 and 1000 degrees Fahrenheit, but optimum results have been obtained at 850-900 degrees Fahrenheit.
The electrical current is slow alternating or successively reversed direct, of 4 to 6 volts, with a preferred intensity of 50 amperes per square foot. I have found that five minutes has proven satisfactory when the workpiece is an anode and ten to thirty minutes when the work piece is a cathode.
Now having described the bath hereof, reference should be had to the claims which follow:
What is claimed is:
1. A composition for electrolytic cleaning oi metal consisting essentially of a major proportion of caustic alkali and minor proportions oi sodium chloride and sodium aluminate. said sodium aluminate' being present in proportions of .5 to 5% by weight.
2. A composition for electrolytic cleaning of metal consisting essentially in approximate proportions by weight of -90% of caustic soda. 7 to 13% of sodium chloride, and 0.5 to 5% sodium aluminate.
3. A composition for electrolytic cleaning of metal consisting essentially in approximate pro- 3 portions by weight of 75 to 90% caustic soda, 7 to 13% sodium chloride, 2 to 6% sodium fluoride and 0.5 to 5% sodium aluminate.
4. A composition for electrolytic cleaning of metal comprising in approximate proportions by weight 89% caustic soda. 10% sodium chloride and 1% of sodium aluminate.
, 5. A composition for electrolytic cleaning of metal comprising in approximate proportions by weight 85% caustic soda, 10% sodium chloride,
4% sodium fluoride and 1% of sodium aluminate. 6. An electrolytic process for transforming the surface of a ferrous metal work piece completely into a layer of pure ferrite comprising immersing the ferrous work piece into a molten salt bath composition consisting essentially in approximate proportions by weight of a major proportion of caustic alkali, a minor proportion of sodium chloride and 0.5 to 5% of sodium aluminate, and directing successively reversed direct currents from the work piece through the bath.
7. An electrolytic process for transforming the surface of a ferrous metal work piece completely into a layer of pure ferrite comprising immersing the ferrous work piece into a molten salt bath composition consisting essentially in approximate proportions by weight of 75 to 90% of caustic soda, 7 to 13% of sodium chloride, and 0.5 to 5% of sodium aluminate, and directing successively reversed direct currents from the work piece through the bath,
8. An electrolytic process for transforming the surface of a ferrous metal work piece completely into a layer of pure ferrite comprising immersing the ferrous work piece'into a molten salt bath composition consisting essentially in approximate proportions by weightof 75 to 90% caustic soda, 7 to 13% of sodium chloride, 2 to 6% of sodium fluoride and 0.5 to 5% of sodium aluminate, and
directing successively reversed direct currents from the work piece through the bath.
9. An electrolytic process for transforming the surface of a ferrous metal work piece completely into a layer of pure ferrite comprising immersing the ferrous work piece into a molten salt bath composition consisting essentially in approximate proportions by weight of 89% caustic soda, 10% of sodium chloride and 1% of sodium aluminate, and directing successively reversed direct currents from the work piece through the bath.
10. An electrolytic process for transforming the surface of a ferrous metal work piece completely into a layer of pure ferrite comprising immersing the ferrous work piece into a molten salt bath composition consisting essentially in approximate proportions of 85% sodium hydroxide, 10% sodium chloride, 4% sodium fluoride, and 1% sodium aluminate, by weight, and directing successively reversed direct currents from the work piece through the bath.
HUGH G. WEBSTER.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED, STATES PATENTS Number OTHER REFERENCES Iron and Steel, June 1944, pages 501lthrough Zeitschrift fur Elektrochemie, vol. 7 (1901), page 723.
US34812A 1948-06-23 1948-06-23 Electrolytic cleaning of metal Expired - Lifetime US2468006A (en)

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2515148A (en) * 1945-02-05 1950-07-11 Kolene Corp Method of preparing ferrous metal for heat-treatment
US2547510A (en) * 1949-01-08 1951-04-03 J H Shoemaker Composition and process for electrolytic cleaning of metals
US2738294A (en) * 1951-09-13 1956-03-13 Diamond Alkali Co Salt bath system and method for treating metals
US2760927A (en) * 1955-11-14 1956-08-28 Kolene Corp Composition and a process for electrolytic cleaning of metals
US2766199A (en) * 1951-07-04 1956-10-09 Magnesium Elektron Ltd Cleaning of magnesium base alloy castings
US2801215A (en) * 1956-02-08 1957-07-30 Kolene Corp Electrolytic ferrous metal cleaning
US2817612A (en) * 1953-09-23 1957-12-24 Joseph C Brennan Process and quenching bath for hardening steel articles
US2847374A (en) * 1956-06-12 1958-08-12 Kolene Corp Metal processing
US2920023A (en) * 1955-04-04 1960-01-05 Chrysler Corp Electrolytic cleaning of metal and composition therefor
US2931778A (en) * 1954-09-28 1960-04-05 Diamond Alkali Co Alkaline composition
US2936278A (en) * 1955-03-07 1960-05-10 Kolene Corp Molten salt bath apparatus for electrolytic cleaning of metals
US3027310A (en) * 1959-10-02 1962-03-27 Harry L Lane Cleaning bath and method of cleaning moving metal strip
US3048497A (en) * 1958-02-18 1962-08-07 Moller Goran August Process of coating base metals with aluminum
US3617455A (en) * 1969-02-05 1971-11-02 Kolene Corp Process for molten salt bath electrolytic descaling of ferrous metal strip
US4481089A (en) * 1983-02-23 1984-11-06 Hitachi, Ltd. Method for decontaminating metals contaminated with radioactive substances
US4481090A (en) * 1984-01-23 1984-11-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Decontaminating metal surfaces
US5221358A (en) * 1991-08-16 1993-06-22 Kolene Corporation Descaling/deglassing salt composition and method
US6203691B1 (en) 1998-09-18 2001-03-20 Hoffman Industries International, Ltd. Electrolytic cleaning of conductive bodies
CN104178800A (en) * 2013-05-27 2014-12-03 帕卡股份有限公司 Casting object surface cleaning method

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1731269A (en) * 1925-01-23 1929-10-15 Westinghouse Lamp Co Pliable tungsten and method of producing the same
US1826773A (en) * 1928-07-05 1931-10-13 Dow Chemical Co Electrolytic production of alkali and alkaline earth metals
GB442859A (en) * 1934-07-07 1936-02-07 Urlyn Clifton Tainton Process for cleaning or descaling metal
US2261744A (en) * 1937-12-30 1941-11-04 Rustless Iron & Steel Corp Metal cleansing
US2311139A (en) * 1938-10-21 1943-02-16 Tainton Urlyn Clifton Process for the electrolytic cleaning of metals
US2327870A (en) * 1939-12-16 1943-08-24 Remington Arms Co Inc Metal surface finishing

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1731269A (en) * 1925-01-23 1929-10-15 Westinghouse Lamp Co Pliable tungsten and method of producing the same
US1826773A (en) * 1928-07-05 1931-10-13 Dow Chemical Co Electrolytic production of alkali and alkaline earth metals
GB442859A (en) * 1934-07-07 1936-02-07 Urlyn Clifton Tainton Process for cleaning or descaling metal
US2261744A (en) * 1937-12-30 1941-11-04 Rustless Iron & Steel Corp Metal cleansing
US2311139A (en) * 1938-10-21 1943-02-16 Tainton Urlyn Clifton Process for the electrolytic cleaning of metals
US2327870A (en) * 1939-12-16 1943-08-24 Remington Arms Co Inc Metal surface finishing

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2515148A (en) * 1945-02-05 1950-07-11 Kolene Corp Method of preparing ferrous metal for heat-treatment
US2547510A (en) * 1949-01-08 1951-04-03 J H Shoemaker Composition and process for electrolytic cleaning of metals
US2766199A (en) * 1951-07-04 1956-10-09 Magnesium Elektron Ltd Cleaning of magnesium base alloy castings
US2738294A (en) * 1951-09-13 1956-03-13 Diamond Alkali Co Salt bath system and method for treating metals
US2817612A (en) * 1953-09-23 1957-12-24 Joseph C Brennan Process and quenching bath for hardening steel articles
US2931778A (en) * 1954-09-28 1960-04-05 Diamond Alkali Co Alkaline composition
US2936278A (en) * 1955-03-07 1960-05-10 Kolene Corp Molten salt bath apparatus for electrolytic cleaning of metals
US2920023A (en) * 1955-04-04 1960-01-05 Chrysler Corp Electrolytic cleaning of metal and composition therefor
US2760927A (en) * 1955-11-14 1956-08-28 Kolene Corp Composition and a process for electrolytic cleaning of metals
US2801215A (en) * 1956-02-08 1957-07-30 Kolene Corp Electrolytic ferrous metal cleaning
US2847374A (en) * 1956-06-12 1958-08-12 Kolene Corp Metal processing
US3048497A (en) * 1958-02-18 1962-08-07 Moller Goran August Process of coating base metals with aluminum
US3027310A (en) * 1959-10-02 1962-03-27 Harry L Lane Cleaning bath and method of cleaning moving metal strip
US3617455A (en) * 1969-02-05 1971-11-02 Kolene Corp Process for molten salt bath electrolytic descaling of ferrous metal strip
US4481089A (en) * 1983-02-23 1984-11-06 Hitachi, Ltd. Method for decontaminating metals contaminated with radioactive substances
US4481090A (en) * 1984-01-23 1984-11-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Decontaminating metal surfaces
US5221358A (en) * 1991-08-16 1993-06-22 Kolene Corporation Descaling/deglassing salt composition and method
US6203691B1 (en) 1998-09-18 2001-03-20 Hoffman Industries International, Ltd. Electrolytic cleaning of conductive bodies
CN104178800A (en) * 2013-05-27 2014-12-03 帕卡股份有限公司 Casting object surface cleaning method

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