US2463130A - Cylinder head - Google Patents

Cylinder head Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2463130A
US2463130A US613398A US61339845A US2463130A US 2463130 A US2463130 A US 2463130A US 613398 A US613398 A US 613398A US 61339845 A US61339845 A US 61339845A US 2463130 A US2463130 A US 2463130A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
wall
walls
cylinder
cylinder head
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US613398A
Inventor
Franciscus Lambertus Va Weenen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Original Assignee
Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hartford National Bank and Trust Co filed Critical Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2463130A publication Critical patent/US2463130A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2254/00—Heat inputs
    • F02G2254/50—Dome arrangements for heat input

Definitions

  • the invention has for its object to construct cylinder heads of such kind that the choice of the material from which the head is built up is not restricted too much by the requirements as regards its strength at the operating temperature of the motor.
  • the cylinder head according to the invention is constructed in such manner that an exterior wall or walls, when the motor is in operation, takes up the force or at least part of the force due to the overpressure prevailing in the cylinder and is thermally insulated from the surface which is in contact with the heated medium. Owing to this step the wall which substantially takes up the force is consequently not subject to a high thermal load.
  • the material of this wail need therefore have the required mechanical strength only at a low temperature. It ensues therefrom that the'thickness of this Wall may therefore be smaller and that there is 4a wider choice of materials suitable for use for this purpose. Since, besides, this wall is not in direct contact with the medium in the motor. it is not necessary to satisfy requirements imposed by the medium, for example as regards the property of being not liable to chemical attack.
  • the cylinder head according to the invention preferably consists of at least two walls whilst the space between these walls acts as a thermal insulator.
  • the inner wall is in direct contact with the heated medium so that this wall has indeed to satisfy the requirements as regards the property of being not liable to chemical attack and, as the case may be, the conduction of heat but the mechanical strength is furnished by the outer walls or by the walls located further to the outside. A large number of materials are therefore available for the manufacture of both walls.
  • the inner wall should not take up any force at all.
  • the majority of the materials suitable for the manufacture pf the inner wall can also take up a little force at high temperatures.
  • F18. l shows a vertical sectional view of ne embodiment of the invention wherein the fp ces acting on a cylinder head are distributed over two distinct walls.
  • Fig. 2 shows a similar view of another embodiment oi the invention wherein the space between the above walls is utilized as a thermal insulator.
  • I0 denotes the cylinder chamber governed by the displacer piston.
  • a set of ribs II by which the heat is transferred to the gas present iu the chamber Ill.
  • These ribs are heated either from the outside through a cylinder casing I2 or by a source of heat (not shown) which is provided in the interior of the motor.
  • the cylinder head itself substantially consists oi two walls I3 and I 4 of which the wall I3 directly adjoins the cylinder chamber. This wall is made of material which, under the action of the gas present in the cylinder and at the operating temperature of the motor, which temperature amounts to 500 C. or upwards, is not attacked by the internal gas of the motor.
  • the wall I3 is made of a metal alloy which does not corrode at a high temperature, aluminium bronze being particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • This metal has, however, the drawback of having at a temperature of 500 C. and upwards a mechanical strength which is greatly insuiiicient for a cylinder head, the secand wall I4 of the cylinder head being therefore arranged parallel to the wall I3.
  • This wall I4 is not in direct contact with the hot gases in the motor.
  • the choice of material for this wall may Ytherefore be made exclusively out of considerations of mechanical strength. Use may be made for this purpose, for example, of ingot steel.
  • the force between the walls I3 and Il is transferred, on the one hand. by a rib I5 which has been cast to the wall I3 and which bears against the wall I4, and, on the other hand, by rigid lling material I6 provided in the space between these walls.
  • This illling material consists, for example, of a layer of ceramic material baked in this shape which opposes a suiilcient resistance against compression to transfer the force from the wall Il to the wall I3.
  • -' is similar to that of Fig. 1 as to the construction of the cylinder, similar parts being denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • a,solid substance present between the .walls I3 and I4'th ⁇ e force is transferred between these walls by a gas under pressure.
  • This gas under pressure might be introducedfrom the outside through the wall I4 and might be maintained at the required pressure by supplying the losses due to leakage.
  • This entails the drawback that if the motor stops and cools down the gas pressure decreases in the cylinder III but does not decrease in the space between the two walls so that the latter are exposed to unnecessarily high stresses. It is therefore more eillcacious to make the gas pressure in they space between these walls equal to the average pressure of the gas in the cylinder II) during operation and to cause this gas pressure, when the motor is put out of service, to ow off to the interior of the cylinder.
  • the wall I3 is provided with a, capillary aperture I8 which establishes communication between the cylinder chamber IIJ and the space I9 between the two walls. Since this aperture has capillary dimensions, the gas flows through this aperture only at a low speed.
  • the pressure prevailing in the space I9 adthe wall I3 being consequently relieved on thev average during the process of operation.
  • This wall has only to take up periodically the difference between the maximum pressure and the averagepressure as tensile stress on the wall and the difference between the average pressure and the minimum pressure in the cylinder as compressive stress varies upon thislwall. Since, however, the average-force in the wall is zero, the material of the wall is prevented from creeping at a high temperature.
  • the layer of stagnant gas in the space I9 acts in itself as a thermal insulator so that the wall I9 is practically not heated so that a separate form of construction described with reference to F13.
  • a hot gas engine cylinder head comprising a thin corrosive resistant internal wail and a spaced heavy external wall insulated therefrom and means for transmitting pressure exerted on said internal wall to said external wall whereby' the engine ⁇ pressure is substantially exerted on Ithe external wall.
  • Y 3 A cylinder head comprising an internal wall, an external wall spaced therefrom, and a pressurized heatproof solid material between said external wall and said internal wall whereby the engine pressure is effectively felt only at said external wall.
  • a cylinder head comprising an external wall, an internal wall spaced therefrom, and insulating material separating said walls, said internal wall having vent means to said insulation, whereby the average cylinder pressure prevails therein.
  • a hot gas engine cylinder head comprising an inner light and heat resistive cylinder wall, said wall being substantially corrosive proof from .normal engine gases, an outer wall effectively insulated therefrom, and an exterior, insulating insulating layer on this wall may frequently be l dispensed with. In order to avoid any circulation of gas in the space I9 the latter may be filled with heat-proof material which prevents the gas from flowing, for example with slag wool.
  • a cylinder head comprising an outer casing
  • a cylinder head comprising an external wall, an internal wall spaced therefrom, said internal wall having vent means to the space between said external w'all and said internal wall, whereby the average cylinder pressure prevails therein.V

Description

, 1949. A F. L. VAN WEENEN 2,46313() CYLINDER HEAD Filed Aug. 29, 1945 rRANcnscus LAMBERTUS VAN WEENEN Ar Tenney Patented Mar. 1, 1949 cYLiNnEa umn Franciscus Lambertus van Weenen, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assigner to Hartford National Bank & Trust Co., Hartford, Conn., as trustee Application August 29, 1945, Serial No. 613,398 In the Netherlands March 18, 1942 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, `1946 Patent expires March 18. 1962 9 Claims. (Cl. 12S-193)' 1 The invention relates to cylinder heads and more particularly to cylinder heads for hot gas motors.
The invention has for its object to construct cylinder heads of such kind that the choice of the material from which the head is built up is not restricted too much by the requirements as regards its strength at the operating temperature of the motor.
The cylinder head according to the invention is constructed in such manner that an exterior wall or walls, when the motor is in operation, takes up the force or at least part of the force due to the overpressure prevailing in the cylinder and is thermally insulated from the surface which is in contact with the heated medium. Owing to this step the wall which substantially takes up the force is consequently not subject to a high thermal load. The material of this wail need therefore have the required mechanical strength only at a low temperature. It ensues therefrom that the'thickness of this Wall may therefore be smaller and that there is 4a wider choice of materials suitable for use for this purpose. Since, besides, this wall is not in direct contact with the medium in the motor. it is not necessary to satisfy requirements imposed by the medium, for example as regards the property of being not liable to chemical attack.
The cylinder head according to the invention preferably consists of at least two walls whilst the space between these walls acts as a thermal insulator. Of these walls only the inner wall is in direct contact with the heated medium so that this wall has indeed to satisfy the requirements as regards the property of being not liable to chemical attack and, as the case may be, the conduction of heat but the mechanical strength is furnished by the outer walls or by the walls located further to the outside. A large number of materials are therefore available for the manufacture of both walls.
It is not necessary that the inner wall should not take up any force at all. The majority of the materials suitable for the manufacture pf the inner wall can also take up a little force at high temperatures. Thus, for example, it is possible to have the average pressure prevailing in the cylinder taken up by the outer wall, the dierence between the instantaneous pressure and the average pressure being taken up in this case by the inner wall.
In the drawings: 5f
F18. l shows a vertical sectional view of ne embodiment of the invention wherein the fp ces acting on a cylinder head are distributed over two distinct walls.
Fig. 2 shows a similar view of another embodiment oi the invention wherein the space between the above walls is utilized as a thermal insulator.
In Fig. 1, I0 denotes the cylinder chamber governed by the displacer piston. Around this chamber are provided a set of ribs II by which the heat is transferred to the gas present iu the chamber Ill. These ribs are heated either from the outside through a cylinder casing I2 or by a source of heat (not shown) which is provided in the interior of the motor. The cylinder head itself substantially consists oi two walls I3 and I 4 of which the wall I3 directly adjoins the cylinder chamber. This wall is made of material which, under the action of the gas present in the cylinder and at the operating temperature of the motor, which temperature amounts to 500 C. or upwards, is not attacked by the internal gas of the motor. If, for example, this internal gas consists of air, the wall I3 is made of a metal alloy which does not corrode at a high temperature, aluminium bronze being particularly suitable for this purpose. This metal has, however, the drawback of having at a temperature of 500 C. and upwards a mechanical strength which is greatly insuiiicient for a cylinder head, the secand wall I4 of the cylinder head being therefore arranged parallel to the wall I3. This wall I4 is not in direct contact with the hot gases in the motor. The choice of material for this wall may Ytherefore be made exclusively out of considerations of mechanical strength. Use may be made for this purpose, for example, of ingot steel.
The force between the walls I3 and Il is transferred, on the one hand. by a rib I5 which has been cast to the wall I3 and which bears against the wall I4, and, on the other hand, by rigid lling material I6 provided in the space between these walls. This illling material consists, for example, of a layer of ceramic material baked in this shape which opposes a suiilcient resistance against compression to transfer the force from the wall Il to the wall I3.
In addition to the rib I5, still further metallic stiening pieces may be present between the walls I3 and Il, owing to which a unilateral heatconducting contact is established between the walls I3 and It so that it is unavoidable that also the temperature of the wall It slightly increases, for example to 200 C. In order to avoid unnecessary loss of heat due to radiation from this wall, an insulating layer I1, for example of asbestos wool, is provided on the wall I4.
3 The form of construction according to Fis. 2
-' is similar to that of Fig. 1 as to the construction of the cylinder, similar parts being denoted by the same reference numerals. Here. instead of being transferred by a,solid substance present between the .walls I3 and I4'th`e force is transferred between these walls by a gas under pressure.
This gas under pressure might be introducedfrom the outside through the wall I4 and might be maintained at the required pressure by supplying the losses due to leakage. This entails the drawback that if the motor stops and cools down the gas pressure decreases in the cylinder III but does not decrease in the space between the two walls so that the latter are exposed to unnecessarily high stresses. It is therefore more eillcacious to make the gas pressure in they space between these walls equal to the average pressure of the gas in the cylinder II) during operation and to cause this gas pressure, when the motor is put out of service, to ow off to the interior of the cylinder. To that end the wall I3 is provided with a, capillary aperture I8 which establishes communication between the cylinder chamber IIJ and the space I9 between the two walls. Since this aperture has capillary dimensions, the gas flows through this aperture only at a low speed. After the motor has been in operation for some time, the pressure prevailing in the space I9 adthe wall I3 being consequently relieved on thev average during the process of operation. This wall has only to take up periodically the difference between the maximum pressure and the averagepressure as tensile stress on the wall and the difference between the average pressure and the minimum pressure in the cylinder as compressive stress varies upon thislwall. Since, however, the average-force in the wall is zero, the material of the wall is prevented from creeping at a high temperature.
The layer of stagnant gas in the space I9 acts in itself as a thermal insulator so that the wall I9 is practically not heated so that a separate form of construction described with reference to F13. 1. v
What I claim isz' i. A hot gas engine cylinder head comprising a thin corrosive resistant internal wail and a spaced heavy external wall insulated therefrom and means for transmitting pressure exerted on said internal wall to said external wall whereby' the engine` pressure is substantially exerted on Ithe external wall.
2. A cylinder head as t claimed in claim 1 wherein a thermal insulator iills the space between said internal and said external walls'. Y 3. A cylinder head comprising an internal wall, an external wall spaced therefrom, and a pressurized heatproof solid material between said external wall and said internal wall whereby the engine pressure is effectively felt only at said external wall.
4. A cylinder head comprising an external wall, an internal wall spaced therefrom, and insulating material separating said walls, said internal wall having vent means to said insulation, whereby the average cylinder pressure prevails therein.
5. A cylinder head as claimed in claim 4 wherein said vent means comprises a narrow aperture.
6. A hot gas engine cylinder head comprising an inner light and heat resistive cylinder wall, said wall being substantially corrosive proof from .normal engine gases, an outer wall effectively insulated therefrom, and an exterior, insulating insulating layer on this wall may frequently be l dispensed with. In order to avoid any circulation of gas in the space I9 the latter may be filled with heat-proof material which prevents the gas from flowing, for example with slag wool.
It may, however, be premised, that the transfer of force between the walls is eected exclusively by the gas pressure and not by the filling material, such being in contradistinction to the covering for said outer wall.
7. A cylinder head comprising an outer casing,
. an inner casing. and linsulating material, and
metallic stiffening pieces therein, separating said respective casings.
8. A cylinder head as claimed in claim '7 wherein the outer casing is surrounded by a thermal insulator.
9. A cylinder head comprising an external wall, an internal wall spaced therefrom, said internal wall having vent means to the space between said external w'all and said internal wall, whereby the average cylinder pressure prevails therein.V
FRANCISCUS LAMBERTUS van WEENAN.
REFERENCES CITED The following` references are of record in the le of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,581,481 Barthel Apr. 20, 1926 1,621,943 Mitchell Mar. 22, 1927 1,652,266 Barletta Dec. 13, 1927 1,683,268v Streeter Sept. 4, 1928 1,820,628 Niven Aug. 25, 1931 1,869,077 Prentice July 26, 1932 2.063.825 Otwell De'c. 8, 1936
US613398A 1942-03-18 1945-08-29 Cylinder head Expired - Lifetime US2463130A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2463130X 1942-03-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2463130A true US2463130A (en) 1949-03-01

Family

ID=19874281

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US613398A Expired - Lifetime US2463130A (en) 1942-03-18 1945-08-29 Cylinder head

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US2463130A (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616250A (en) * 1949-08-09 1952-11-04 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Cylinder head for hot-gas reciprocating engines
US3117414A (en) * 1961-07-14 1964-01-14 Wisconsin Alumni Res Found Thermodynamic reciprocating apparatus
US4004421A (en) * 1971-11-26 1977-01-25 Ketobi Associates Fluid engine
US4172363A (en) * 1977-05-16 1979-10-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Hot-gas engine
US4413475A (en) * 1982-07-28 1983-11-08 Moscrip William M Thermodynamic working fluids for Stirling-cycle, reciprocating thermal machines
EP1752646A2 (en) * 2005-08-09 2007-02-14 Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, Inc. Thermal cycle engine with augmented thermal energy input area

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1581481A (en) * 1922-08-09 1926-04-20 Oliver E Barthel Engine head
US1621943A (en) * 1922-07-18 1927-03-22 Crankless Engines Aus Propriet Air cooling of the cylinders and pistons and other working parts of internal-combustion engines, compressors, and the like
US1652266A (en) * 1927-06-22 1927-12-13 Barletta John Internal-combustion engine
US1683268A (en) * 1926-02-15 1928-09-04 Albert B Streeter Engine head
US1820628A (en) * 1927-11-07 1931-08-25 Continental Motors Corp Cylinder head
US1869077A (en) * 1928-12-04 1932-07-26 Prentice James Internal combustion engine
US2063825A (en) * 1935-05-03 1936-12-08 Ralph B Otwell Automobile heater

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1621943A (en) * 1922-07-18 1927-03-22 Crankless Engines Aus Propriet Air cooling of the cylinders and pistons and other working parts of internal-combustion engines, compressors, and the like
US1581481A (en) * 1922-08-09 1926-04-20 Oliver E Barthel Engine head
US1683268A (en) * 1926-02-15 1928-09-04 Albert B Streeter Engine head
US1652266A (en) * 1927-06-22 1927-12-13 Barletta John Internal-combustion engine
US1820628A (en) * 1927-11-07 1931-08-25 Continental Motors Corp Cylinder head
US1869077A (en) * 1928-12-04 1932-07-26 Prentice James Internal combustion engine
US2063825A (en) * 1935-05-03 1936-12-08 Ralph B Otwell Automobile heater

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616250A (en) * 1949-08-09 1952-11-04 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Cylinder head for hot-gas reciprocating engines
US3117414A (en) * 1961-07-14 1964-01-14 Wisconsin Alumni Res Found Thermodynamic reciprocating apparatus
US4004421A (en) * 1971-11-26 1977-01-25 Ketobi Associates Fluid engine
US4172363A (en) * 1977-05-16 1979-10-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Hot-gas engine
US4413475A (en) * 1982-07-28 1983-11-08 Moscrip William M Thermodynamic working fluids for Stirling-cycle, reciprocating thermal machines
EP1752646A2 (en) * 2005-08-09 2007-02-14 Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, Inc. Thermal cycle engine with augmented thermal energy input area
US20070033935A1 (en) * 2005-08-09 2007-02-15 Carroll Joseph P Thermal cycle engine with augmented thermal energy input area
EP1752646A3 (en) * 2005-08-09 2009-12-16 Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, Inc. Thermal cycle engine with augmented thermal energy input area

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3861146A (en) Hot-gas reciprocating engine
US6790014B2 (en) Fluid cooled diaphragms for diaphragm compressors
US4218179A (en) Isothermal aerofoil with insulated internal passageway
US3983696A (en) Combustion engine having at least one outlet passage
US2463130A (en) Cylinder head
JPH11270409A (en) Combustion chamber for high performance engine and nozzle
JP2005133653A (en) Stirling engine
US4850576A (en) Heat treatment of materials
US5522371A (en) Thermal insulation engine
US4235173A (en) Furnace cooling apparatus
US3306350A (en) Electron discharge tube having improved cooling means therefor
US2266735A (en) Glow discharge oven
US7007469B2 (en) Dual shell Stirling engine with gas backup
US4830342A (en) High pressure sintering furnace
US2312920A (en) Anode cooling jacket
EP0074156A2 (en) Piston in an internal combustion engine
US2529946A (en) Cooling device for the casings of thermic motors, including gas turbines
US4478042A (en) Cylinder liner-regenerator unit for a hot gas engine
US4389921A (en) Expansible chamber apparatus and its operation
US1763082A (en) Air-cooled cylinder
US4250953A (en) Piston sealing
JPH0674688A (en) Heat exchanger particularly for corrosive fluid
RU2736734C1 (en) Thermoelectric battery
US3514646A (en) Heat resisting insulation wall
US4907245A (en) Furnace with convection-free hot zone