US2462018A - X-ray opaque marking means - Google Patents
X-ray opaque marking means Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2462018A US2462018A US546907A US54690744A US2462018A US 2462018 A US2462018 A US 2462018A US 546907 A US546907 A US 546907A US 54690744 A US54690744 A US 54690744A US 2462018 A US2462018 A US 2462018A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- blocking
- colloidal
- rays
- wax
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- -1 glycol ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001224 Uranium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002415 cerumenolytic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B42/00—Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves; Visualisation of such records by using optical means
- G03B42/02—Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves; Visualisation of such records by using optical means using X-rays
- G03B42/04—Holders for X-ray films
- G03B42/047—Holders for X-ray films provided with marking means
Definitions
- markings or blocking-out as desired may be applied on the film holder or casette or on a sheet of material laid thereon and can be easily and quickly removed therefrom after the exposure, the negative carrying the required markings or blocking, while the film holder is ready for re-use.
- special markings not available in stock forms may be employed and areas may be circled or otherwise identified or blocked out, as desired, all with improved speed and facility.
- the invention comprises the features hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description setting forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments of the invention, these being indicative however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principle of the invention may be employed.
- a pencil or crayon comprising a material in fine particle size having metal atoms of high atomic weight, in a carrier or vehicle substance.
- metal of high atomic weight is here meant a metal of atomic weight at least 184. and particularly conveniently available are such metals as lead, bismuth, thallium, etc.
- the metal is in colloidal form, as may be provided by the known methods of preparing metals in colloidal condition.
- the carrier or vehicle may be a wax, and if a water-soluble type of wax or material of wax consistency be employed, after using the crayon or blocking-marking on the film holder, such as a metal casette, it may be quickly removed by a damp cloth or like suitable means ready for the next use of the film holder. If
- a non-water-soluble wax is used, the markings may be removed by use of naphtha or other vola tile wax solvent.
- Desirable water-soluble waxes are for instance the solid waxy polyglycols, polyethylene oxide (commercially known as Carboinstances of such suitable plasticizers being polyglycols, glycol ethers and esters, glycerine ethers and esters, etc.
- a normally solid water-soluble wax such as afore-noted, is melted, nad the heat is removed and as it begins to cool about 75 per cent of colloidal lead having about '70 per cent or more of its particles in the size range of 1 to 15 microns, is stirred in, together with 5 per cent of a polyglycol plasticizer to produce a rather thick paste.
- the mixture is then formed into desired pencil or crayon shape, as by a mold or by extruding through a die, and allowed to cool and harden.
- the final product may be in the form of a stick or rod either not covered or covered with wood, metal, paper'or other casing adapted to facilitate usage.
- the wax is melted and about per cent colloidal lead or other metal if high atomic weight in finely divided form is incorporated in the wax together with about 15 per cent of a uranium salt such as uranium sulphamate.
- salts or compounds of the metals of high atomic weight i.e. above 184, such as uranium, bismuth, thorium, lead, thallium, etc.
- the colloidal metal usually of a lesser atomic weight and substituting a corresponding amount thereof.
- These combinations including a heavier metal salt together with the finely divided metal having a lesser atomic weight, possess improved blocking power and are particularly useful for work in- VolVing gamma rays and hard X-rays but are also fully effective for the softer less penetrating X-rays.
- Compositions omitting the heavier metal salt component may be satisfactorily used wherever their blocking power is sufficient, as for the softer, less penetrating X-rays.
- a liquid base such as a cellulose ether or ester or an alkyd or Bakelite resin clear enamel or varnish dispersed in an organic solvent may have the desired amount of colloidal metal or mixture of colloidal metal and compound of heavy metal in proportions as aiore noted.
- Such composition mayzbe used .with amarking brush or pen.
- a marking material for blocking x rays and the-dike comprising colloidal. lead and'a compound of a metal of atomic weight atleast 184-,- and a vehicle;
- a marking material for blocking X-rays and 1 the like comprising a colloidal. metal. of EtOmlCWElght-Elt least 184 and a normally solid water-soluble material o-f'wax. consistency; 5.
- a marking material for blocking X-rays and the like comprising colloidal lead, and a normally solid water-soluble material of wax consistency.
- a marking material for blocking X-rays and the like comprising colloidal lead, and a normally. solid" Wax.
- a vmarking material for blocking X-rays and the like comprising a vehicle with incorporated'coll-oidal metal of atomic weight at least 184.
- a marking material for blocking X-rays and. the like comprising a colloidal metal of atomic weight at least 184 in amount of at least 50 per cent,'and a water-soluble polymerized ali-' phatie material of wax consistency.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radiography Using Non-Light Waves (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Description
Patented Feb. 15, 1949 X-RAY ()PAQUE MARKING MEANS No Drawing. Application July 27, 1944, Serial No. 546,907
12 Claims.
In the use of highly penetrating radiations such as alpha, beta or gamma rays from radium or other radioactive substances, or where photographic plates or films are exposed, such as in metal inspections, medical and surgical practice, etc., it has been customary to mark the plate or film for identification by placing formed letters of sheet lead for the identifying data, such letters being laid on the casette or film holder, and by their shielding or blocking out the radiation, produce the desired identification markings in the developed silver image. Such procedure, while positive in results, is inconvenient and particularly awkward in many instances and not applicable to some purposes. In accordance with the present invention however, markings or blocking-out as desired may be applied on the film holder or casette or on a sheet of material laid thereon and can be easily and quickly removed therefrom after the exposure, the negative carrying the required markings or blocking, while the film holder is ready for re-use. Furthermore special markings not available in stock forms may be employed and areas may be circled or otherwise identified or blocked out, as desired, all with improved speed and facility. Other objects and advantages will appear from the following description.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention, then, comprises the features hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description setting forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments of the invention, these being indicative however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principle of the invention may be employed.
In accordance with the invent on, preferably a pencil or crayon is provided comprising a material in fine particle size having metal atoms of high atomic weight, in a carrier or vehicle substance. By metal of high atomic weight is here meant a metal of atomic weight at least 184. and particularly conveniently available are such metals as lead, bismuth, thallium, etc. Preferably, the metal is in colloidal form, as may be provided by the known methods of preparing metals in colloidal condition. With particular convenience, the carrier or vehicle may be a wax, and if a water-soluble type of wax or material of wax consistency be employed, after using the crayon or blocking-marking on the film holder, such as a metal casette, it may be quickly removed by a damp cloth or like suitable means ready for the next use of the film holder. If
a non-water-soluble wax is used, the markings may be removed by use of naphtha or other vola tile wax solvent. Desirable water-soluble waxes are for instance the solid waxy polyglycols, polyethylene oxide (commercially known as Carboinstances of such suitable plasticizers being polyglycols, glycol ethers and esters, glycerine ethers and esters, etc.
As an example: A normally solid water-soluble wax, such as afore-noted, is melted, nad the heat is removed and as it begins to cool about 75 per cent of colloidal lead having about '70 per cent or more of its particles in the size range of 1 to 15 microns, is stirred in, together with 5 per cent of a polyglycol plasticizer to produce a rather thick paste. The mixture is then formed into desired pencil or crayon shape, as by a mold or by extruding through a die, and allowed to cool and harden. The final product may be in the form of a stick or rod either not covered or covered with wood, metal, paper'or other casing adapted to facilitate usage.
As another example: In similar procedure, the wax is melted and about per cent colloidal lead or other metal if high atomic weight in finely divided form is incorporated in the wax together with about 15 per cent of a uranium salt such as uranium sulphamate.
In similar manner, salts or compounds of the metals of high atomic weight, i.e. above 184, such as uranium, bismuth, thorium, lead, thallium, etc., may be applied along with the colloidal metal usually of a lesser atomic weight and substituting a corresponding amount thereof. These combinations, including a heavier metal salt together with the finely divided metal having a lesser atomic weight, possess improved blocking power and are particularly useful for work in- VolVing gamma rays and hard X-rays but are also fully effective for the softer less penetrating X-rays. Compositions omitting the heavier metal salt component may be satisfactorily used wherever their blocking power is sufficient, as for the softer, less penetrating X-rays.
In some instances instead of a normally solid 3 carrier, a liquid base, such as a cellulose ether or ester or an alkyd or Bakelite resin clear enamel or varnish dispersed in an organic solvent may have the desired amount of colloidal metal or mixture of colloidal metal and compound of heavy metal in proportions as aiore noted. Such composition mayzbe used .with amarking brush or pen.
With compositions as herein provided, identificartion markings such as in light metalalloy inspection work and other metal inspectionx'canw bequickly and conveniently made, and identification or blocking out many extent-desired may be applied, and afterservingjitsipurp'osep may be quickly and easily removed," the finished photographic plate or film carrying. therdesired. Similarly in anatomical" marking or blocking. X-ray work, markings and blockings -may, be made as desired.
Other modes of applying the principle of the inventionmay be employed, change being made asnregards the details described; provided the' an'd the like, comprising colloidal lead and acompoundv of a metal of atomic: Weight at least 184 and a normally soli'dwaxi' 3. A marking material for blocking x rays and the-dike; comprising colloidal. lead and'a compound of a metal of atomic weight atleast 184-,- and a vehicle;
4. A marking material for blocking X-rays and 1 the like, comprising a colloidal. metal. of EtOmlCWElght-Elt least 184 and a normally solid water-soluble material o-f'wax. consistency; 5. A marking" material. for blocking. X rays andthes like; OOmPTlSLiIIgT: a: colloidal. metal of atomic" weight at least .1841-and a normally solid wax;
6:. A marking" material for blocking. X-rays and'.the-..like,z comprising; a: colloidal metal of atomic weight=atleast 184; and avehicle;
'7. A marking material for blocking X-rays and the like, comprising colloidal lead, and a normally solid water-soluble material of wax consistency.
8. A marking material for blocking X-rays and the like, comprising colloidal lead, and a normally. solid" Wax.
9; A marking material for blocking X-rays and the like, comprising colloidal lead, and a vehicle.
10. A vmarking material for blocking X-rays and the like, comprising a vehicle with incorporated'coll-oidal metal of atomic weight at least 184.
11. A marking .mat-erial for blocking X-rays and the-tlike,..comprising colloidal lead at least 50 per cent, polyglycol of wax consistency, and a small. percent of plasticizer.
12. A marking material for blocking X-rays and. the like, comprising a colloidal metal of atomic weight at least 184 in amount of at least 50 per cent,'and a water-soluble polymerized ali-' phatie material of wax consistency.
WILLIAM H. \VOOD.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 471,438 Schwarzwald Mar. 22, 1892 1,278,010 Poetschke Sept. 8, 1918 1,396,415 Fried Nov. 8, 1921 1,511,874 Eder Oct. 14, 1924 1,602,688 Lindsay Oct. 12, 1936 1,918,996 Weger July 18, 1933 2046,55? Holt July 7, 1936 2,162,178 Marasco June 13, 1939 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 305,209 Great Britain 19 30 OTHER... REFERENCES Synthetic Organic;Chemicals, 10th.'Ed. 1940- published. by' Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp., N. Y. C. pp. 66-68. (Copy in-Div. 64.)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US546907A US2462018A (en) | 1944-07-27 | 1944-07-27 | X-ray opaque marking means |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US546907A US2462018A (en) | 1944-07-27 | 1944-07-27 | X-ray opaque marking means |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2462018A true US2462018A (en) | 1949-02-15 |
Family
ID=24182522
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US546907A Expired - Lifetime US2462018A (en) | 1944-07-27 | 1944-07-27 | X-ray opaque marking means |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2462018A (en) |
Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2682476A (en) * | 1950-05-11 | 1954-06-29 | Staedtler J S | Mixture for manufacture of pencil leads |
| US2702756A (en) * | 1950-05-13 | 1955-02-22 | Burgess Battery Co | Electrically conductive wax compositions |
| US2807555A (en) * | 1956-03-02 | 1957-09-24 | Du Pont | Ceramic color compositions |
| US2988523A (en) * | 1958-05-12 | 1961-06-13 | California Ink Company Inc | Radiation shielding composition and method of manufacture |
| US3454765A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1969-07-08 | Pitney Bowes Inc | Thermographic reproduction process using stencil laminate material with a layer of pressure spreadable and infrared reflective material |
| US3767441A (en) * | 1968-07-01 | 1973-10-23 | Rohr Industries Inc | Hold-down composition for machining articles |
| US3994848A (en) * | 1974-12-20 | 1976-11-30 | Scm (Canada) Limited | Solid paints |
| US3994849A (en) * | 1974-12-20 | 1976-11-30 | Scm (Canada) Limited | Solid paints |
| US4710946A (en) * | 1985-08-06 | 1987-12-01 | Amoco Corporation | Method and apparatus for X-ray video fluoroscopic analysis of rock samples |
| US4813062A (en) * | 1986-08-13 | 1989-03-14 | Milliken Research Corporation | Radio-opaque marker and method |
| US5115461A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-05-19 | Kroy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for labeling X-ray film |
| US5469847A (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1995-11-28 | Izi Corporation | Radiographic multi-modality skin markers |
| US5522921A (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1996-06-04 | Custer; Peter | Invisible, x-ray opaque fluorescent printing medium for multiplex reading |
| US5702128A (en) * | 1996-07-18 | 1997-12-30 | Beekley Corporation | Radiographic marker system and method of making same |
| US20080009718A1 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2008-01-10 | Zohman Gary L | Implements and methods for applying radiopaque markings |
| US20090253981A1 (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-08 | Hamilton Brian H | Skin Marking Tool for Radiological Imaging Material |
| US20100062909A1 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-03-11 | Hamilton Brian H | Bicycle Trainer with Variable Magnetic Resistance to Pedaling |
| US20100062908A1 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-03-11 | Hamilton Brian H | Bicycle Trainer with Variable Resistance to Pedaling |
| US20100200136A1 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-08-12 | Hamilton Brian H | Modular Tire with Variable Tread Surfaces |
| US8439808B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2013-05-14 | Brian H Hamilton | Bicycle trainer with variable resistance to pedaling |
| US8979715B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2015-03-17 | Brian H. Hamilton | Portable and attachable bicycle trainer |
| US9980784B2 (en) | 2016-01-28 | 2018-05-29 | Raytheon Company | X-ray ink pen |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US471438A (en) * | 1892-03-22 | Schwarzwald | ||
| US1278010A (en) * | 1917-10-08 | 1918-09-03 | Paul Poetschke | X-ray-protective cement. |
| US1396415A (en) * | 1920-05-01 | 1921-11-08 | Fried Julius | Identification of plates and films |
| US1511874A (en) * | 1922-06-02 | 1924-10-14 | Eder Josef Maria | Method of protecting against light of short wave length and composition of matter therefor |
| US1602688A (en) * | 1922-10-06 | 1926-10-12 | Celluloid Co | X-ray protective material and process of manufacturing same |
| GB305209A (en) * | 1928-01-03 | 1929-09-26 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Packing for rontgen photographic materials |
| US1918996A (en) * | 1929-09-18 | 1933-07-18 | Bakelite Gmbh | Process of preparing molding substances and molded articles from synthetic resins and fillers |
| US2046557A (en) * | 1934-04-30 | 1936-07-07 | Thomas T Holt | Filler, marking, and coating composition |
| US2162178A (en) * | 1937-01-19 | 1939-06-13 | Du Pont Film Mfg Corp | X-ray shielding compound |
-
1944
- 1944-07-27 US US546907A patent/US2462018A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US471438A (en) * | 1892-03-22 | Schwarzwald | ||
| US1278010A (en) * | 1917-10-08 | 1918-09-03 | Paul Poetschke | X-ray-protective cement. |
| US1396415A (en) * | 1920-05-01 | 1921-11-08 | Fried Julius | Identification of plates and films |
| US1511874A (en) * | 1922-06-02 | 1924-10-14 | Eder Josef Maria | Method of protecting against light of short wave length and composition of matter therefor |
| US1602688A (en) * | 1922-10-06 | 1926-10-12 | Celluloid Co | X-ray protective material and process of manufacturing same |
| GB305209A (en) * | 1928-01-03 | 1929-09-26 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Packing for rontgen photographic materials |
| US1918996A (en) * | 1929-09-18 | 1933-07-18 | Bakelite Gmbh | Process of preparing molding substances and molded articles from synthetic resins and fillers |
| US2046557A (en) * | 1934-04-30 | 1936-07-07 | Thomas T Holt | Filler, marking, and coating composition |
| US2162178A (en) * | 1937-01-19 | 1939-06-13 | Du Pont Film Mfg Corp | X-ray shielding compound |
Cited By (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2682476A (en) * | 1950-05-11 | 1954-06-29 | Staedtler J S | Mixture for manufacture of pencil leads |
| US2702756A (en) * | 1950-05-13 | 1955-02-22 | Burgess Battery Co | Electrically conductive wax compositions |
| US2807555A (en) * | 1956-03-02 | 1957-09-24 | Du Pont | Ceramic color compositions |
| US2988523A (en) * | 1958-05-12 | 1961-06-13 | California Ink Company Inc | Radiation shielding composition and method of manufacture |
| US3454765A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1969-07-08 | Pitney Bowes Inc | Thermographic reproduction process using stencil laminate material with a layer of pressure spreadable and infrared reflective material |
| US3767441A (en) * | 1968-07-01 | 1973-10-23 | Rohr Industries Inc | Hold-down composition for machining articles |
| US3994848A (en) * | 1974-12-20 | 1976-11-30 | Scm (Canada) Limited | Solid paints |
| US3994849A (en) * | 1974-12-20 | 1976-11-30 | Scm (Canada) Limited | Solid paints |
| US4710946A (en) * | 1985-08-06 | 1987-12-01 | Amoco Corporation | Method and apparatus for X-ray video fluoroscopic analysis of rock samples |
| US4813062A (en) * | 1986-08-13 | 1989-03-14 | Milliken Research Corporation | Radio-opaque marker and method |
| US5115461A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-05-19 | Kroy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for labeling X-ray film |
| US5469847A (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1995-11-28 | Izi Corporation | Radiographic multi-modality skin markers |
| US5522921A (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1996-06-04 | Custer; Peter | Invisible, x-ray opaque fluorescent printing medium for multiplex reading |
| WO1997041179A1 (en) * | 1994-10-11 | 1997-11-06 | Peter Custer | Invisible, x-ray opaque, fluorescent printing medium for multiplex reading |
| US5702128A (en) * | 1996-07-18 | 1997-12-30 | Beekley Corporation | Radiographic marker system and method of making same |
| US20080009718A1 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2008-01-10 | Zohman Gary L | Implements and methods for applying radiopaque markings |
| US20090253981A1 (en) * | 2008-04-03 | 2009-10-08 | Hamilton Brian H | Skin Marking Tool for Radiological Imaging Material |
| US10004843B2 (en) | 2008-04-03 | 2018-06-26 | Brian H. Hamilton | Radiopaque marker tool and method for use in a radiological medical imaging process |
| US8313419B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2012-11-20 | Hamilton Brian H | Bicycle trainer with variable magnetic resistance to pedaling |
| US9149702B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2015-10-06 | Brian H. Hamilton | Bicycle trainer with variable magnetic resistance to pedaling |
| US20100200136A1 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-08-12 | Hamilton Brian H | Modular Tire with Variable Tread Surfaces |
| US20100298103A1 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-11-25 | Hamilton Brian H | Bicycle Trainer with Variable Resistance to Pedaling |
| US7955228B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2011-06-07 | Hamilton Brian H | Bicycle trainer with variable magnetic resistance to pedaling |
| US20110212812A1 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2011-09-01 | Hamilton Brian H | Bicycle Trainer with Variable Magnetic Resistance to Pedaling |
| US7766798B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2010-08-03 | Hamilton Brian H | Bicycle trainer with variable resistance to pedaling |
| US8439808B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2013-05-14 | Brian H Hamilton | Bicycle trainer with variable resistance to pedaling |
| US8162806B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2012-04-24 | Brian H Hamilton | Bicycle trainer with variable resistance to pedaling |
| US8979715B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2015-03-17 | Brian H. Hamilton | Portable and attachable bicycle trainer |
| US20100062909A1 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-03-11 | Hamilton Brian H | Bicycle Trainer with Variable Magnetic Resistance to Pedaling |
| US9517376B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2016-12-13 | Brian H. Hamilton | Portable and attachable bicycle trainer |
| US9802099B2 (en) | 2008-09-08 | 2017-10-31 | Brian H. Hamilton | Bicycle trainer with variable magnetic resistance to pedaling |
| US20100062908A1 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-03-11 | Hamilton Brian H | Bicycle Trainer with Variable Resistance to Pedaling |
| US9980784B2 (en) | 2016-01-28 | 2018-05-29 | Raytheon Company | X-ray ink pen |
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