US2453475A - Resuscitation apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 9, 1948. c, A, s 2,453,475

RESUSCITATION APPARATUS Filed Sept. 14, 1945 IINVENTOR CUENELIUE A. "TUBIA 5 ATTORNEY Qo LT-LL'W Patented Nov. 9, 1948 Cornelius A.;,Tobias, Berkeley, Calif., assignor to the United Statesof America as represented by the Secretary of the'Navy Application September 14, 1945, Serial No;616,389

3 Claims. (o1.12s-29) This invention relates to resuscitation appa ratus and particularly to manually, controlled resuscitators. i i

An object of the invention is to provide, an improved resuscitation apparatus of such construc 5 tion as to facilitate the emergency administration of oxygen under pressure intermittently and to simultaneously furnish the requisite quantity of oxygen to the rescuer and the person being revived.

Other objects of the invention are to providean improved resuscitation apparatus which is so constructed as. to. permit the administering of oxygen under such pressure and at such intervals as to induce artificial respiration for the re1ief of anoxemia and asphyxia; to provide an improved resuscitation apparatus, of the character described, having control means associated with a breathing mask in such manner that thefmask and control means may be manipulated with one hand, said control means beingarranged so as to intermittently relieve the .pressure within said mask for permitting the expiration of previously supplied oxygen; to provide an, improved resuscitation apparatus, .of the character described,

which is readily portable and which has separate discharge means to permit the furnishing of oxygen simultaneously to two persons in accordance with their particular requirements; and to provide improved elements and arrangements thereof in so a resuscitation apparatus of the character described and for the purposes set forth. f

In accomplishing these and other. objects of the present invention, I have provided improved details of structure, the] preferred form of which'tfi is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. l is a transverse, vertical, sectional view of a resuscitat on apparatus embodying the featuresof the present invention and showing a .40

breathing mask with manual control means connected thereto. C I

i Fig. 2 is a plan view of the complete resuscitation apparatus showing the supply tank and the for a rescuer and person to be revived. 11

Fig. 3 is an enlarged and somewhat diagrammatic cross-section of the exhalation valve of the mask. of Fig. 1 with some features altered and pro ort ons exaggerated for clarity.

In Fig. 1, the numeral l designates apreferably rubber breathing or resuscitator mask of the pressure tv e having its inlet 2 communicating with a flexible supply tube or hose 3. of rubber or other fully explain ed. manual control means in the form of an attachment or connect1ngbody4 is interposed between the inlet 7. and hose. 3 for establisbing communication therebetween.

mask l is confined within a preferablycylindrical,

metallic tankerbottle 5 (Fig. 2, and is adapted to be delivered to the hose 3 through a metallic tubeii, reducing valve 1, rubber hose 8 and pres-- sure regulator 9. The tube (5 and hose 8 are preferably of less diameter than the hose 3 and are formed of similar material, being provided with conventional couplings for connection with the valve 1 and regulator 9. In order tojvary the pressure of the oxygendelivered to the hose}, the regulator is. provided with a control ill; for adjustingthe discharge ofsaid regulator. .When

the control it! is in its ofi position, the regulator 9 functions on demand and oxygenmust bedrawn therethrough by suctionor v flows therefrom at ambient pressure. Manifestly, the reducingvalve incorporated therein.

A suitable T it connects the inner end of the .coacts with the pressure regulator and couldbe tube fi to one end of the bottleli and a second pressure regulator l2 communicates with the 1T through a metallic tube H3. The regulator, is

of the demand type so as to permit the passage I of oxygen therethrough at ambient pressure or only when a suction is drawn on its outlet flfi,

A flexible hose l5, similar to the hose 3, is connectedto the regulator outlet l l for supplying oxygen upon demand to a mask I6 which is adapted tobe worn by the rescuer, aswill be hereinafter more fully-explained.

.In order to facilitate handling of the bottlej5,

Q a handle. I! extends longitudinally of said bottle and is secured theretoby a suitable strap arran ement l8 which encircles thebottle and whichjl has foot portions. The reducing valve 1 and-pres lsure regulator l 2 are preferably supported by the-strap arrangement l8.

As shown in Fig. 1, a cavitylS isformed iri the mask I and is separated from theinlet'Z bye, suitable transverse partition whichhas a flexible .iiap valve 2|] mounted thereinior admitting oxygen to the cavityfrom said inletand preventing the reverse flow of oxygen. H An outlet 2]. is Idisposed below and to the rear of the cavity ltintere mediate the'lflapvalve 2!] and the lower portion o fthe inlet. Communication between the cavity andoutlet is established by an exhalation qvalye '22 of conventional construction and .having its e upper end openinginto said cavity. A complete Referring more in detail tothe drawing: 1 Q.

de cription of the exhalation valve Z Z is given ult mately hereinafter but only those details necessaryfor an understanding ,of its function inthe apparatus .are given immediately hereinafter. "Radial ports 23 are formed, in theexteribr of 1 suitable material. As will be hereinafter more said valve for discharging oxygenfrom .thelcavity the inlet"? and openin s are formedinvthenipple,

e [whereby the lower surface of said valve isexposed y en under pressure to be supplied to that),

to the pressure within said inletso that the valye 9 'sai'd bracket and which en'g 3 4 remains closed when the pressures within the 31 by this movement against the tension of the cavity and inletare substantially equal. Itis thus coiled spring A3, whereby said disc is returned to apparent thgtt the' flap valve Zilhndthe exhalation itsseated position upon release of the lever 49. valve 22 constitute check valves for the mask 1 For releasing pressure from the inlet 2 and operating in opposite phase but on the same gen- 5 body 4, an exhaust opening or port 5| is formed eral principle of all usual check valves i. e. opeh in the forward portion of said body adjacent its ing and closing in response to the pressure differ upper land; The lever 49, when depressed, overential exerted on two actllating suriaces. each oj lie s theport 5i and is provided with a valve disc which is exposed .to the pressure a particular 14, or fm'e mber secured to its inner surface for closregion. T0 ing said upon depressing of said lever and The body 4 is of enlarged, cylindrical shape and opening movement of the valve disc 36. A pair is formed of metal or other sierra-101e, material: "or 1ate'ra1 lugs 53 extend rearwardly from the inaxial, circular opening is provided intl e jlat ter rn e diate portion of the lever and are adapted bottom .25 of the body and is externally stir to overlie the lugs of the bracket 33 when said rpunded by a depending collar lever is depressed. v The lugs are preferably formed l le. Qh ni s o rece vi a pin h sh seas to lock "said lever inits depressed pgsiti orr tp provide a constant supply of oxygen to th' l r I, alation valve. However, to faciled 'support or the V te understanding of its structure ringtfl rsfixed within me pper E perat on a description is herewith included nfd said cap is fastened thereto with reference to Fig. 3. Hermetically sealed a. "25 a p s qum ehhes o the in of w shimmers t th idy are a 'main diaphragm 54, of

101i of thfe cap by the' 'screws 3'2 so' as ru suitable r'naterial and a'coni- 2? h .q 'h lfalgm. N s m a materiel,

, s'q y heir r s ,..T cham h by the u ward porlti ed forjclarity in Fig. 3 into the 23. fIhe lower side of compenp p 55 subject to the action of I ther l ght spr rrg jll and the pressure of the oigygerr supply communicated through port 60.

pb "xha t ipnfih e increased pressure on the f the diaphragm 54 acts against ss urean'd atmospheric pressure on f he d a r pres h ate an annular passage 6| 121 .h e l s r e 9h t to porter z and thence to the atmosphe re. c N on of exhalation the oxygen s hll ilnrrss s h is thr i o it t shhrs hr s raismrt a d n m n 56 to s al the m raph ragrn against the body of thevalve tlfiis closing ofi the passagefil. a. toiled as as Operation a resuscitation apparatus construct d as described is as follows:

In resuscitating an unconscious person, the

3 Jo the rescuerand the operating lever Q9 2 ..T 91 9 .{l a is depressed with the palm of the same hand.

i ,st m a f sp fy- 60 gu e to theconnection between the lever and the l disc 35, s a i d disc is raised from its seat 31 a r xyge n is permitted to flow through the opening 25, body A and nipple 38 into the inlet 2 of the rnask. Simultaneously with the opening movement oi th edisc 36, the exhaust port 5| is 3 e valvemember52 carried by the lever. :I pressure ,oljthe oxygenis determined by the tment oi the control ill of the pressure regor 9 andsu'ch pressure is sufficient to inflate end the lungs, of the unconscious person. nee or 1ly ope ha nd of the rescuer is required 'tg hpld the mask "and manipulate the lever, the other hand i's jree to adjust the control I!) or valve M support the bottle}; hymeans of the handle ll.

13 with its Seat If nechssam'the mask l6 may be worn by the .rnasl; l isplaced over the .persons face with one 7 disc.

rescuer while approaching the unconscious perto enter the cavity i9 and be supplied to the person being resuscitated. After a suitable interval of time, the lever is released to permit seating of the disc 38 by the tension of the springdii, thereby shutting ofi theflow of oxygen through the body to the inlet. The downward movement of the disc swings the lever outwardly and moves the valve member 52 out of engagement with the port 5| to permit the escape of oxygen trapped within the body and inlet by the closing of said Since the lower surface of the exhalation valve 22 is exposed to the pressure within the inlet through the openings of its nipple 24, the escape of such pressure causes said valve to open in response to the pressure of the oxygen within the cavity of the mask and permit the discharge of said oxygen through the ports 23 and outlet 2|, thereby deflating the lungs of the person being resuscitated.

By alternately depressing the operating lever at predetermined intervals, oxygen may be administered intermittently to induce artificial respiration for the relief of anoxemia and asphyxia until the person regains consciousness or normal respiratory activity is restored.

In the event of complete respiratory arrest, it is necessary to insert a small rubber tube, known as an airway and not illustrated, in the person's mouth after pulling his tongue forward to assure the free passage of oxygen to the lungs. The lever is actuated rather slowly and preferably from six to fifteen times per minute. Ordinarily inspiration requires 40% of the time and expiration 60%.

Upon the restoration of normal respiratory activity, the valve disc 36 may be locked in its open position by depressing the lever and passing a pin (not shown) through the lugs 35 and 53. In addition, the control ll] of the pressure regulator 9 is turned to its off position so that oxygen will be supplied at ambient pressure or as required by the resuscitated person. Thus, when desired, the mask may be used in the customary manner.

By the use of a mask of the type shown and described herein, it is unnecessary for the moist, exhaled oxygen to pass through the body 4 and only dry oxygen contacts the interior of saidbody or the elements disposed therein. Therefore, the resuscitation apparatus may be used at high altitudes and freezing temperatures without any danger of said apparatus becoming inoperable,

the exhalation valve 23 being constructed so as to discharge the moist oxygen under such conditions.

While I have shown but one embodiment of my invention, it is susceptible to modification without departing from the spirit of the invention. I do not wish, therefore, to be limited by the disclosures set forth, but only by the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A resuscitation apparatus including a breathing mask; a manually controlled valve attached to said mask and communicating on its low pressure side with the interior of, said mask and on its high pressure side with a source of com-- said valve comprising a valve body,

pressed gas; a spring-seated valve disk therein and manually operated means including a control handle for actuating said valve disk; said valve body having on its low pressure side a port communicating with the atmosphere and said manually operated means including means for closing said port simultaneously with unseating of said valve disk;

a first check valve interposed in the passage bephere through a passage independent of said manually operated valve, said second check valve opening and closing in response to pressure within the interior of said mask, superior and inferior, respectively, relative to the pressure in said valve body, whereby gas may be expelled from said mask without contacting said manually operated valve.

2. A resuscitation apparatus including a breathing mask; a manually operated valve comprising a valve body and a valve disk attached to said mask so arranged that one hand can be employed both to apply said mask and to control said valve; said manually operated valve communicating on its high pressure side with a source of compressed gas and on its low pressure side through a first check valve with the interior of said mask, said first check valve closing in response to relatively superior pressure within the interior of said mask; a second check valve open ing in response to pressure within the interior of said mask superior relative to that in said valve body, for controlling flow of fluid between the interior of said mask and the atmosphere through a passage independent of said valve body; a port communicating between said valve body and the atmosphere; and means for opening said port simultaneously with the seating of the disk of said manually operated valve.

3. A resuscitation apparatus including a breathing mask; a, manually operable valve attached to said mask for controlling flow of gas thereto from a relatively high pressure source; a first check valve interposed between said manually operated valve and said mask, said check valve closing in response to relatively high pressure within the interior of said mask; a second check valve for controlling the flow of gas between the interior of said mask and the atmosphere through a passage independent of said manually operated valve, said second check valve opening in response to relatively high pressure within the interior of said mask; and means operating simultaneouslywith the seating of said manually operated valve to subject said check valves to atmospheric pressure on one of their actuating surfaces whereby said check valves are actuated by the diiierential in pressure between the atmosphere and the interior of said mask. CORNELIUS A. TQBIAS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

Images