US2452613A - Method of determining effect of mold conditions on metal castings - Google Patents

Method of determining effect of mold conditions on metal castings Download PDF

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Publication number
US2452613A
US2452613A US590100A US59010045A US2452613A US 2452613 A US2452613 A US 2452613A US 590100 A US590100 A US 590100A US 59010045 A US59010045 A US 59010045A US 2452613 A US2452613 A US 2452613A
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mold
metal
casting
conditions
pin
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US590100A
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Howard F Taylor
Robert E Morey
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose

Definitions

  • This invention relates to metal casting, and more particularly to a method whereby the effect on metal casting of the mold conditions may be accurately determined.
  • the material selected for the mold may have a very deflnite effect on the quality of the casting, and particularly upon the quality of the surface of the casting.
  • the heat involved in casting metals causes the mold material adjacent the casting to become very hot, and may cause the material to fuse, or to react with the casting metal, or both.
  • the particular material used for the mold determines the mold atmosphere, and the mold atmosphere directly affects the formation of penetration defects resulting both from metal penetration and from oxide penetration. The examination of cast articles and the determination of the effect of various molding conditions upon the cast articles therefore becomes a matter of considerable importance.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an efiicient and simple method of determining the effect on a casting of the mold conditions present and particularly of the mold material and atmosphere employed.
  • a metal pin is embedded in a cylindrical block of the mold material to be tested and the article so formed is heated'at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time.
  • the article is then removed from the furnace and opened for examination of the casting and the By repeating the test with different time and temperature conditions or under different mold atmosphere conditions, an accurate analysis of the effect of mold conditions and particularly mold material and mold atmosphere on a particular metal being cast may be made.
  • Fig. l is a sectional view of a molding device employed in accordance with this invention for embedding a metal pin in a specimen block of mold material;
  • Fig. 2 is a detailed, perspective view of a specimen block of mold material having a metal pin embedded therein.
  • a specimen block I such as illustrated in Fig. 2, is prepared, having a metal pin i located therein. While this invention will be described in conjunction with the use of sand as a mold amended April 30, 1928; 370 0. G. 757) nace.
  • the apparatus used in preparing the specimenblock I may include a metal cylinder 2 of the desired internal cross-sectional size.
  • a longitudinally movable ram 3 is disposed in one end thereof and a quantity of sand material '4 to be tested placed in the open end of the cylinder.
  • a. second ram 5 which is illustrated spaced just above the open end of the cylinder 2, is moved downwardly to bear against the sand 4 and to slightly compact it.
  • the ram is then removed from the cylinder and a suitable diameter pointed rod, such as a pencil, is pushed downward into thecenter of the sand to form a recess 6 into which a pin 1, such as shown in Fig.
  • the pin I is, of course, made of a metal the characterist cs of which are to be tested. It is desirable that the pin 1 be located substantially in the middle of the sand so that when in the next step, the ram 5 is again pressed against the sand l, both ends of the pin will be equally covered with sand. In this step, the ram 5 is moved into the cylinder 2 and the molding device transferred to a suitable apparatus whereby the rams may be pressed together to uniformly compact the sand t about the pin.
  • the specimen block i which should then have an appearance similar to that illustrated in Fig. 2. is then removed from the cylinder 2 and transferred to a furnace, wherein it is heated at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time.
  • the heating may take place in air, in a vacuum, or under a gas, or combination of gases.
  • the nature of the test will, of course, determine the length of time for which the specimen block is left in the furnace as well as the temperature and atmosphere resent in the fur-
  • the specimen block After the specimen block has been heated in the furnace for the desired length of time and to the desired temperature, it is removed therefrom of mold conditions and particularly of mold material and mold atmosphere upon a casting has served in accordance with this invention.
  • a method of determining the effect of mold conditions on casting comprising embedding a metal pin in a quantity of mold material to form a composite article, heating the article to cause a'reaction to take place between the metal P and the mold material, and then opening the article to permit examination of the pin and the mold material;
  • a method of determining the effect of mold conditions on casting comprising, embedding a metal pin in a quantity of mold material, heating the assembly at a given temperature and for a given time which heating substantially duplicates conditions present during casting, and then opening the assembly to permit examination of the pin and the mold material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Description

ERMINING E 1943- O F. TAYLOR ErAL 2,452,613
A METHOD OF DET FFECT MOLD CONDITIONS ON METAL CASTI Filed April 24, 1945 Infmin Qwowyvtow HOWARD F. TAYLOR ROBERT E.MOREY mold material.
Patented Nov. 2, 1948 METHOD OF DETERMINTNGEFFECT OF MOLD CONDITIONS ON METAL CAST- INGS Howard F. Taylor,-Washington, D. C., and Robert E. Morey, Forest Heights, Md.
Application April 24, 1945, Serial No. 590,100
(Granted under the act of March 3, 1883, as
2 Claims.
This invention relates to metal casting, and more particularly to a method whereby the effect on metal casting of the mold conditions may be accurately determined.
It is well known in metal casting that the material selected for the mold may have a very deflnite effect on the quality of the casting, and particularly upon the quality of the surface of the casting. The heat involved in casting metals causes the mold material adjacent the casting to become very hot, and may cause the material to fuse, or to react with the casting metal, or both. To a considerable degree, also, the particular material used for the mold determines the mold atmosphere, and the mold atmosphere directly affects the formation of penetration defects resulting both from metal penetration and from oxide penetration. The examination of cast articles and the determination of the effect of various molding conditions upon the cast articles therefore becomes a matter of considerable importance.
An object of the present invention is to provide an efiicient and simple method of determining the effect on a casting of the mold conditions present and particularly of the mold material and atmosphere employed.
In accordance with one embodiment of this invention, a metal pin is embedded in a cylindrical block of the mold material to be tested and the article so formed is heated'at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time. The article is then removed from the furnace and opened for examination of the casting and the By repeating the test with different time and temperature conditions or under different mold atmosphere conditions, an accurate analysis of the effect of mold conditions and particularly mold material and mold atmosphere on a particular metal being cast may be made.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings, wherein:
Fig. l is a sectional view of a molding device employed in accordance with this invention for embedding a metal pin in a specimen block of mold material; and
Fig. 2 is a detailed, perspective view of a specimen block of mold material having a metal pin embedded therein.
In accordance with the method of this invention, a specimen block I such as illustrated in Fig. 2, is prepared, having a metal pin i located therein. While this invention will be described in conjunction with the use of sand as a mold amended April 30, 1928; 370 0. G. 757) nace.
material, it will be understood that other mold materials are equally adaptable to the method of this invention.
Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to Fig- 1 thereof, it will be seen that the apparatus used in preparing the specimenblock I may include a metal cylinder 2 of the desired internal cross-sectional size. A longitudinally movable ram 3 is disposed in one end thereof and a quantity of sand material '4 to be tested placed in the open end of the cylinder. Thereafter, a. second ram 5, which is illustrated spaced just above the open end of the cylinder 2, is moved downwardly to bear against the sand 4 and to slightly compact it. The ram is then removed from the cylinder and a suitable diameter pointed rod, such as a pencil, is pushed downward into thecenter of the sand to form a recess 6 into which a pin 1, such as shown in Fig. 2, may be inserted. The pin I is, of course, made of a metal the characterist cs of which are to be tested. It is desirable that the pin 1 be located substantially in the middle of the sand so that when in the next step, the ram 5 is again pressed against the sand l, both ends of the pin will be equally covered with sand. In this step, the ram 5 is moved into the cylinder 2 and the molding device transferred to a suitable apparatus whereby the rams may be pressed together to uniformly compact the sand t about the pin.
The specimen block i, which should then have an appearance similar to that illustrated in Fig. 2. is then removed from the cylinder 2 and transferred to a furnace, wherein it is heated at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time. The heatingmay take place in air, in a vacuum, or under a gas, or combination of gases. The nature of the test will, of course, determine the length of time for which the specimen block is left in the furnace as well as the temperature and atmosphere resent in the fur- In addition to the foregoing variations, it is feasible to coat the metal pin or the specimen block, or both, with various mold washes in order to study their effect upon the casting.
After the specimen block has been heated in the furnace for the desired length of time and to the desired temperature, it is removed therefrom of mold conditions and particularly of mold material and mold atmosphere upon a casting has served in accordance with this invention.
While but one embodiment of this invention has been shown and described, it will be understood that many changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope oi the present invention, which is limited only by the appended claims.
The invention shown and described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America. for govern- I mental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of determining the effect of mold conditions on casting, comprising embedding a metal pin in a quantity of mold material to form a composite article, heating the article to cause a'reaction to take place between the metal P and the mold material, and then opening the article to permit examination of the pin and the mold material;
2. A method of determining the effect of mold conditions on casting comprising, embedding a metal pin in a quantity of mold material, heating the assembly at a given temperature and for a given time which heating substantially duplicates conditions present during casting, and then opening the assembly to permit examination of the pin and the mold material.
HOWARD F. TAYLOR. ROBERT E. MOREY.
No references cited.
US590100A 1945-04-24 1945-04-24 Method of determining effect of mold conditions on metal castings Expired - Lifetime US2452613A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3433283A (en) * 1968-04-03 1969-03-18 Ohio Ferro Alloys Corp Method of reducing friability of ferro-alloys
US3457769A (en) * 1965-02-17 1969-07-29 Foseco Technik Ltd Testing of foundry sand
US3483916A (en) * 1968-01-31 1969-12-16 Union Carbide Corp Ferro alloy casting process
US3537295A (en) * 1966-07-20 1970-11-03 Sulzer Ag Method and apparatus for testing foundry mold materials

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3457769A (en) * 1965-02-17 1969-07-29 Foseco Technik Ltd Testing of foundry sand
US3537295A (en) * 1966-07-20 1970-11-03 Sulzer Ag Method and apparatus for testing foundry mold materials
US3483916A (en) * 1968-01-31 1969-12-16 Union Carbide Corp Ferro alloy casting process
US3433283A (en) * 1968-04-03 1969-03-18 Ohio Ferro Alloys Corp Method of reducing friability of ferro-alloys

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