US245260A - hochhausen - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheath-Sheet 1.

W. HOG HHAUSEN.

DYNAMO' 0R MAGNETO ELECTRIC MAGHINEQ No.'245,260. Patented Aug. 2,1881.

'INVENTUFI:

WITNESSESI N PETERS. Phom-Lilhogmphcr, Washington. D. 4:v

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

w. HOGHHAUSEN. 4 DYNAMO 0R MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

Patented Aug. 2, 1881.

INVENTORY WITNESSES:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM HOOHHAUSEN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

DYNAMO OR MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No, 245,260, dated August 2, 1881,

Application filed May 23, 1881.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WM. HOOHHAUSEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State useful Improvements in Dynamo and Magneto Electric Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consists in a modified dispo- 1o sition or arrangement of collector-brushes upon the commutator of the Pacinotti ring-armature machine, whereby I am enabled to largely increase its efiiciency. My modification also enables me to obviatethe sparks and burning of the commutator, which occurs when the brushes are disposed and the current collected in the manner indicated in the descriptions of the original Pacinotti machine.

My invention further consists in an improved construction of the armature ring or cylinder upon which the armature-coils are wound in the Pacinotti and analogous types of machine, the object being to facilitate the application and removal of the coils, and also to allow a free circulation of currents of air for the purpose of counteracting heating effects.

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a side view, partly in section, of a machine constructed after the general principles described by Pacinotti. Fig. 2 is a top view, partly in section, of Fig. 1, designed to show the construction of the armature cylinder or carrier. Fig. 3 is a detail view of a portion of the carrier. Fig.4 showsin face and side view and in section a modification.

The general construction of the Pacinotti m achine and of its modified form-the Grammeis well known. It consists of an endless ring or band upon which are wound a number of bobbins joined to one another in continuous and endless series, and connected seriatim at their points of junction to the strips of a commutator-cylinder, the ring or band being arranged to revolve between the curved polepieces of stationary magnets. In the original Pacinotti machine the current generated in the bobbins upon the revolving ring was collected by brushes or rollers, shown in the drawings attached to his description as applied to 50 the commutatorcylinder at diametrically-opposite points upon a line joining the centers (No model.)

of the field-of-force magnets. This arrangement has been found not to give good results. In the Pacinotti machine all the bobbins are at all times in circuit. 5 of New York, have invented certain new and My improvement consists in short-circuiting or cutting out those bobbins which in the revolution of the armature are entering beneath the curved pole-piece of the stationary magnet and are approaching the line joining the cen- 6o ters of the poles, the current being still taken 'up on the central or transverse line joining the centers of the field-of-force cores, but only from those bobbins which are leaving the line and passing out from under the curved pole-extensions.

In Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings, A and B represent field-of-force pole-pieces attached to field-of-force magnets of the construction shown in Patent No. 224,593, granted to me February 17, 1880, while 9 10 11 12 indicate a sectional ring or carrier, upon which are seated the bobbins or coils, disposed and connected after the manner employed by Pacinotti. One of these bobbins is shown upon the upper portion of the segment 10.

A comnnltator-cylinder of the well-known construction now in ordinary use is indicated at D. Brushes or collectors l and 5 bear upon the cylinder D, at diametrically-opposite points upon the linea b, as in the Pacinotti machine, and with no other provision the operation and results would be practically the same as those attained by Pacinotti, and all the bobbins would be in circuit. The direction of revolu- 8 tion is supposed to be in the direction indicated by the arrow.

I have found that by short-circuiting those bobbins which are entering beneath the polepieces A and B-namely, those included on 0 the commutator-cylinder between the points a and (Z and c and bl am enabled to obtain a current of very much greater strength. To this end I have arranged a series of additional brushes or collectors, 2 3 4: and 6 7 8, extend- 5 ing, with brushes 1 and 5, approximately over ninety degrees of the commutator, and so disposed as to bear upon the com mutator-segments of those bobbins which are entering beneath the poles A and B and are included in the segmo ment of a circle drawn from the line a I), joining the poles, to a line at right angles thereto and passing between the poles. These brushes are electrically connected to the brushes 1 and 5, in the manner shown, by attachment to corn mon holders F and G", and, as will be readily seen, the result is that the currents generated in the bobbins, which, in the position of the armature shown, embrace the armature-segments 9 and 11, are short-circuited, while the current is taken only from those which are for the time being in the position held by segments 10 and 12.

It is, of course, to be understood that the collectors may be made to embrace somewhat less than ninety degrees of the commutator, and that in the practical operation of the machine the points a I), upon which 1 and 5 bear, would be slightly shifted in the direction of rotation, in consequence of the wellknown shifting of the point of change of mag netism owing to the high velocity and magnetic inertia. It should also be understood that but four brushes, 1 and at and 5 and 8, might be used, although I deem it best to use a larger number, as shown.

I am aware that it is not new to construct commutator-brushes so as to overlap two segments of a commutator so'as to prevent breaking of the circuit, but in no case of which I am aware have the brushes been applied in the manner described to cut out or short-circuit those bobbins of a ring-armature which, in the revolution of the armature, are entering beneath the pole-piece and acquiring magnetism. As will be readily seen,.I collect the current at the same points as in the Pacinotti machine; but I take the current only from a portion of the bobbins, short-circuiting or cutting out those which I have found oppose the action of the others and enfeeble the current passing from the collectors.

I do not limit myself to any particular devices for short-circuiting or cutting out the bobbins, as many others may be used and applied in such a way as to short-circuit or cut out that portion of the arm ature-bobbi ns specified.

In constructing the ring cylinder or carrier of my machine I make use of a number of thin segmental plates ranged in sections, the plates in each section being parallel and constructed to overlap or pass between the plates of the adjoining section at their ends, the whole secured togetherby rods or bolts passing through the plates at their overlapping ends, or by any other suitable means. As thus constructed the plates in each section of the carrier are separated by a space equal to, or when separating-washers are used, somewhat greater than the thickness of the plates themselves, thus allowing free circulation of air. By constructing the carrier in sections I am also enabled to wind the bobbins in the ordinary way and then slip them into place upon the carrier, thus avoiding the slow and expensive method of winding necessary when the carrier consists of a continuous ring or cylinder.

In the drawings, Fig. 1, I have represented the ring or carrier as made up in four sections, the end plates of the series in each section being shown at 9 10 11 12, although a larger or less number may be used at pleasure. In Fig. 3 a top view of a portion of the plates in two adjoining sections is shown with the plates overlapping one another at their ends, and secured together by a rod or bolt, t, of some nonmagnetic material. The plates are to be insulated from one another at their overlapping points by washers of vulcanite or other nonmagnetic material. The bolts or rods t t, as shown in Fig. 2, pass through and are supported by spider-arms II H, from which they areinsulated in any suitable way. The spiders II are secured directly to the rotating-shaft.

The heads of the armature-bobbins are shown at L L. These bobbins, when in place upon the ring or carrier, are separated from one another by a short distance, in order to allow free exit to the cooling currents of air. As will be readily understood, the withdrawal of either bolt twill allow the bobbins upon the contiguous sections of the ring or cylinder to be readily removed for replacement or repair.

By reason of the magnetic insulation at the ends of the sections, interposed by the insulating-washers and thenon-magneticbolt,my ring or cylinder is not a continuous ring of magnetic material, as in the Pacinotti and Gram me machines. A ring or carrier constructed after the plan above described not only gives good facilities for ventilation, but will also allow the machine to be run at very high velocity by reason of the readiness with which the carrier can acquire and lose magnetism, this efi'ect being due, as is well understood, to the fact that it is constructed of a large number of pieces 1nagnetically insulated from one another.

The modified form of the plates which make up the armature-carrier shown in Fig. 4: is designed for the purpose of cutting off the magnetic lines of force coming from the poles of the stationary or field-of-force magnets from that portion of the coils which lieswithin the car rier. These plates to a are curved in form, but in cross-section are T-shaped. Every other plate is formed with the enlarged portion upon the inside of the curve, while the alternate plates have the enlarged portion upon the outside. These plates are secured together in the same manner as the plates which are rectangular in cross-section, and the adjoining plates of each section are out of contact, so as to allow the air to circulate. When placed as shown the enlarged portions intercept thelines of magnetism coming from the field-ot force poles, and prevent their action upon the wire which lies inside the rin This modification in the form of the plate may be applied to an matures made up of a number of continuous or annular plates secured together.

I am aware that it is not new to construct an armature of a number of parallel continuous annular plates or disks, and I am also aware ICC that a ring or cylinder armature constructed in sections is not new.

What I claim as my invention is- 1. The combination, with a Pacinotti or ring armatureanditscollector-brushes appliedtothe commutator-cylinder upon the line joining the field-of-force poles, as described, 01' additional contact points, surfaces, or brushes, constructed and applied as described, to cut out or short circuit those bobbins of the revolving armature which, in the revolution of the armature, are entering beneath the field-of-force poles and approaching the line upon which the current is taken from the machine.

2. Asectional armature, adapted to be taken apart to allow of the removal of its bobbins, constructed of a number of parallel curved or segmental-shaped plates, the plates of adjoining sections being arranged to overlap one another at their ends, and secured together by removable bolts or rods, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination of two or more sections of parallel segmental-shaped plates, overlapping one another at the ends of adjoining sections, insulating or non-magnetic material interposed between the plates at their overlapping portions, and bolts or rods of non-magnetic material for securing the plates together, with the insulating material between them.

4. An armature-carrier constructed in sections, each consisting of a number of parallel curved or segmental-shaped plates magnetically insulated from one another and from the plates of the adjoining section.

5. Anarmature-carrier constructed of anumber of parallel plates, T-shapedin cross-section, and disposed in the manner set forth.

WILLIAM HOOHHAUSEN.

Witnesses THOS. ONEIL, JNo. J. DIFFLEY.

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