US2451592A - Method of determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricants - Google Patents
Method of determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2451592A US2451592A US693588A US69358846A US2451592A US 2451592 A US2451592 A US 2451592A US 693588 A US693588 A US 693588A US 69358846 A US69358846 A US 69358846A US 2451592 A US2451592 A US 2451592A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- rust
- test piece
- lubricants
- lubricant
- determining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkaline earth metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2888—Lubricating oil characteristics, e.g. deterioration
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method, for determined or demonstrating the rust-preventing properties of lubricant compositions, particularly motor oils for the lubrication of internal combustion engines.
- Motor oils containing no rust-preventing additives have been found deficient insofar as inhibiting the rusting of metal parts of engines is concerned, and particularly the cylinder walls, pistons, and rings.
- a recent trend in the manufacture of automotive lubricants has been in the direction of incorporating in the lubricants small quantities of rust-preventives or inhibitors, including oil-soluble sulfonates such as the alkaline earth metal salts of oil-soluble petroleum sulfonic acids, as well as sulfurized oils such as sulfurized sperm oil, and antioxidants such as metal salts of the acid esters of the acids of phosphorus.
- testing of the efiicacy of the lubricant in preventing rusting may be carried out directly by exposing a clean ferrous metal test piece to the action of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, or by wetting the test piece with exhaust gas condensate (water containing combustion products), then coating the test piece with the lubricant, and thereafter exposing the coated test piece to air or other gas containing moisture, and noting the condition of the test piece after such exposure.
- Lubricants containing rust-inhibitors usually give complete protection with respect to rusting, whereas ordinary oils or lubricant compositions containing little or no rustinhibitors permit partial or even complete rusting of the test piece.
- a ferrous metal test piece of any suitablesize and shape for example, an iron or steel strip about 1 inch by '2 inches and from to inch in thickness
- the clean strip is then held in the exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine for a short period of time, for example, 2 to seconds, the temperature of the strip or of the exhaust gases being sumciently low as to permit condensation Application August 28, 1946, Serial No. 693,588
- the wet strip is then coated with the lubricant either by immersing in a body of the lubricant for a short time (5 to 30 seconds) or by applying the lubricant with a brush, swab, or with the fingers.
- the lubricant coated strip is then drained of excess lubricant, if any, and exposed to air or other gas containing free oxygen and moisture.
- rust appears within a short time, for example, 3 to 5 minutes, and after 24 hours the rusting may be partial or complete. With lubricants containing. rust-inhibitors or rust-preventing additives, little or no rusting is evident even after 24 hours exposure.
- the exposure of the test strip is usually made at ordinary temperatures, i. e., F. to F., rusting, if it is to occur, is accelerated by carrying out the exposure at slightly elevated temperatures, for example, F. to F. Therefore, when it is desired to demonstrate the rustpreventing or non-rust-preventing properties of the lubricant in the shortest time, the exposure should be carried out at elevated temperatures of the order of those aforementioned.
- the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine may be passed through a suitable condenser, and the resulting condensate collected in a glass or other container.
- the clean metal test strip is then immersed in the container of aqueous condensate for a short period of time, for example, 2 to 30 seconds, and the wet strip is then coated with the lubricant as described above. After draining off excess lubricant, if any, the coated strip is exposed to air or other gas containing free oxygen and moisture, and the condition of the strip after exposure is noted as described above.
- the test strips or pieces may-be fabricated of any rustable ferrous metal or alloy, such as cast iron, carbon steel, and the like.
- Test pieces were prepared by sand blasting SAE -20 carbon steel strips, the strips were dipped Appearance of Test Strip $5 After-- Oil tested 5 minutes 24 hours F.
- While the method of the present invention is particularly adapted in the testing of hydrocarbon lubricating oils of the type used in internal combustion engines, such method is also applicable in the testing of other lubricants or slushing oils, including mineral oils of different viscosities, compounded mineral oils, animal oils, vegetable oils, and marine oils, or mixtures thereof.
- a method for determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricant compositions which comprises subjecting a ferrous metal test piece to the action of exhaust gas products of an internal combustion engine, then coating the test piece with the lubricant, exposing the coated test piece to air containing moisture, and noting the condition of the test piece after exposure.
- a method for determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricant compositions which 4 bustion engine, then coating the test piece with the lubricant, exposing the coated test piece to air containing moisture, and noting the condition of the test piece after exposure.
- a method for determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricant compositions which comprises immersing a ferrous-metal test piece in the condensate from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, then coating the test piece with the lubricant, exposing the coated test piece to air containing moisture, and noting the condition of the test piece after exposure.
- a method for determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricating oil which comprises contacting a steel test piece with the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine for a period of 2 to seconds at a temperature such that exhaust gas moisture containing combustion products is condensed upon the test piece, then immersing the test piece in the lubricating oil, removing the test piece and draining off excess oil, exposing the oil-coated test piece to air containing moisture, and noting the condition of the test piece after exposure.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
Description
means to present a clean metal surface.
Patented Oct. 19, 1948 METHOD OF DETERMINING THE RUST-PRE- VEN TING PROPERTIES OF LUBRICANTS Carroll H. Van Hartesveldt, Rosemont, Pa., as-
slgnor to The Atlantic Refining Company, Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing;
The present invention relates to a method, for determined or demonstrating the rust-preventing properties of lubricant compositions, particularly motor oils for the lubrication of internal combustion engines.
Motor oils containing no rust-preventing additives have been found deficient insofar as inhibiting the rusting of metal parts of engines is concerned, and particularly the cylinder walls, pistons, and rings. A recent trend in the manufacture of automotive lubricants has been in the direction of incorporating in the lubricants small quantities of rust-preventives or inhibitors, including oil-soluble sulfonates such as the alkaline earth metal salts of oil-soluble petroleum sulfonic acids, as well as sulfurized oils such as sulfurized sperm oil, and antioxidants such as metal salts of the acid esters of the acids of phosphorus. It has been found that such additives or mixtures thereof, especially the sulfonates and sulfurized oils, have a pronounced effect in inhibiting rusting of engine parts, and it is an object of this invention to provide a simple and rapid method of determining which lubricants are capable of preventing rusting under conditions simulating, to some degree, those which exist in internal combustion engines when not in operation.
In accordance with the present invention, the
testing of the efiicacy of the lubricant in preventing rusting may be carried out directly by exposing a clean ferrous metal test piece to the action of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, or by wetting the test piece with exhaust gas condensate (water containing combustion products), then coating the test piece with the lubricant, and thereafter exposing the coated test piece to air or other gas containing moisture, and noting the condition of the test piece after such exposure. Lubricants containing rust-inhibitors usually give complete protection with respect to rusting, whereas ordinary oils or lubricant compositions containing little or no rustinhibitors permit partial or even complete rusting of the test piece.
In carrying out the present invention, a ferrous metal test piece of any suitablesize and shape, for example, an iron or steel strip about 1 inch by '2 inches and from to inch in thickness, is thoroughly cleaned by sand blasting or other The clean strip is then held in the exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine for a short period of time, for example, 2 to seconds, the temperature of the strip or of the exhaust gases being sumciently low as to permit condensation Application August 28, 1946, Serial No. 693,588
5 Claims. (in. 73-86) 2 of the exhaust gas products (mainly water containing products of combustion, e. g., sulfur compounds, and oxygen-containing compounds) upon the clean surface of the strip. The material thus condensed may or may not be visible, but in most cases appears'as a film ora regation of aqueous droplets. The components of the exhaust gases, including sulfur compounds and oxygen-containing compounds, function to accelerate rusting or corrosion of the test strip when same is exposed, in the absence of a rust-inhibitor, to the action of air containing moisture. The wet strip is then coated with the lubricant either by immersing in a body of the lubricant for a short time (5 to 30 seconds) or by applying the lubricant with a brush, swab, or with the fingers. The lubricant coated strip is then drained of excess lubricant, if any, and exposed to air or other gas containing free oxygen and moisture. In the case of lubricants containing no rust-inhibitor, rust appears within a short time, for example, 3 to 5 minutes, and after 24 hours the rusting may be partial or complete. With lubricants containing. rust-inhibitors or rust-preventing additives, little or no rusting is evident even after 24 hours exposure. While the exposure of the test strip is usually made at ordinary temperatures, i. e., F. to F., rusting, if it is to occur, is accelerated by carrying out the exposure at slightly elevated temperatures, for example, F. to F. Therefore, when it is desired to demonstrate the rustpreventing or non-rust-preventing properties of the lubricant in the shortest time, the exposure should be carried out at elevated temperatures of the order of those aforementioned.
In another modification of the present invention, the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine may be passed through a suitable condenser, and the resulting condensate collected in a glass or other container. The clean metal test strip is then immersed in the container of aqueous condensate for a short period of time, for example, 2 to 30 seconds, and the wet strip is then coated with the lubricant as described above. After draining off excess lubricant, if any, the coated strip is exposed to air or other gas containing free oxygen and moisture, and the condition of the strip after exposure is noted as described above. The test strips or pieces may-be fabricated of any rustable ferrous metal or alloy, such as cast iron, carbon steel, and the like.
The present invention may be further illustrated by the following example, which however, is not to be construed as limiting the scope thereof. Test pieces were prepared by sand blasting SAE -20 carbon steel strips, the strips were dipped Appearance of Test Strip $5 After-- Oil tested 5 minutes 24 hours F. SAE 20 Base Oil 75 partially rusted. 100% rusted (medium). SAE 20 Base OlH-addi- 75 no rust no rust.
tivc. 1
SAE 2e Base on." o rusted in 2 min 100% rusted y). SAE Base OiH-addi- 150 no rust no rust.
tivc.
I Additive-l% oil-soluble barium sulfonute+1% suliurize-d sperm oil+i% zinc salt of di-methylcyclohexyl acid tbiopbosphate.
While the method of the present invention is particularly adapted in the testing of hydrocarbon lubricating oils of the type used in internal combustion engines, such method is also applicable in the testing of other lubricants or slushing oils, including mineral oils of different viscosities, compounded mineral oils, animal oils, vegetable oils, and marine oils, or mixtures thereof.
I claim:
1. A method for determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricant compositions, which comprises subjecting a ferrous metal test piece to the action of exhaust gas products of an internal combustion engine, then coating the test piece with the lubricant, exposing the coated test piece to air containing moisture, and noting the condition of the test piece after exposure.
2. A method for determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricant compositions, which 4 bustion engine, then coating the test piece with the lubricant, exposing the coated test piece to air containing moisture, and noting the condition of the test piece after exposure.
3. A method for determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricant compositions, which comprises immersing a ferrous-metal test piece in the condensate from the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, then coating the test piece with the lubricant, exposing the coated test piece to air containing moisture, and noting the condition of the test piece after exposure.
4. A method for determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricating oil, which comprises contacting a steel test piece with the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine for a period of 2 to seconds at a temperature such that exhaust gas moisture containing combustion products is condensed upon the test piece, then immersing the test piece in the lubricating oil, removing the test piece and draining off excess oil, exposing the oil-coated test piece to air containing moisture, and noting the condition of the test piece after exposure.
5. A method for determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricating oil, which comprises I immersing a steel test piece in the condensate REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,770,735 Funk July 15, 1930 1,870,512 Jameson Aug. 9, 1932 2,351,644 Talley et al June 20, 1944 2,405,532 Todd Aug. 6, 1946
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US693588A US2451592A (en) | 1946-08-28 | 1946-08-28 | Method of determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricants |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US693588A US2451592A (en) | 1946-08-28 | 1946-08-28 | Method of determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricants |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2451592A true US2451592A (en) | 1948-10-19 |
Family
ID=24785279
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US693588A Expired - Lifetime US2451592A (en) | 1946-08-28 | 1946-08-28 | Method of determining the rust-preventing properties of lubricants |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2451592A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1770735A (en) * | 1924-06-28 | 1930-07-15 | Nevin E Funk | Oil-sludge accelerator |
| US1870512A (en) * | 1927-01-13 | 1932-08-09 | Atlas Electric Devices Co | Apparatus for testing the effect of weather upon objects |
| US2351644A (en) * | 1942-08-22 | 1944-06-20 | Shell Dev | Corrosion testing element |
| US2405532A (en) * | 1943-04-06 | 1946-08-06 | Quaker Chemical Products Corp | Corrosion testing apparatus |
-
1946
- 1946-08-28 US US693588A patent/US2451592A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1770735A (en) * | 1924-06-28 | 1930-07-15 | Nevin E Funk | Oil-sludge accelerator |
| US1870512A (en) * | 1927-01-13 | 1932-08-09 | Atlas Electric Devices Co | Apparatus for testing the effect of weather upon objects |
| US2351644A (en) * | 1942-08-22 | 1944-06-20 | Shell Dev | Corrosion testing element |
| US2405532A (en) * | 1943-04-06 | 1946-08-06 | Quaker Chemical Products Corp | Corrosion testing apparatus |
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