US2449931A - Turbine - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 21, 1948.

Filed May 16, 1946 J. DEMATTEIS TURBINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 J. DEMATTEIS Sept. 21, 1948.

TURBINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 16, 1946 Patented Sept. 21, 1948 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,449,931 TURBINE Julian Dematteia, Batavia, Iowa Application May 16, 1948, Serial No. 670,057

Claims. 1

The present invention relates to a turbine that can be driven either by dry steam or by other compressed fluid such as highly compressed air.

This type of turbine can be built in any size, large or small, with direct generator drive or belt drive either from steam pressure or compressed air. It is ideal for running large truck busses, in which case the compressed air tank may be fed bya small Diesel engine system, which is a great deal cheaper than electric drive as it would save not only a costly motor and generator but be of much lighter weight and even more powerful.

My turbine is easy to assemble and just as easy to take down.

The curved and hollow power blades of this turbine are practical when used with either single, double or triple type.

An embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in the attached drawings, wherein like numerals relate to the same details of the different views and Figure 1 is a view in side elevation and part axial section of the turbine, taken along a line ll of Figure 2;

Figure 2 is a view in end elevation of the tur- 1 blue with the upper half removed to show a four- Figure 5 is a top plan view of the rotor portion with the cover lifted 01!;

Figure 6 is a sectional view of the rotor taken along line 6-6 of Figure 2;

Figure 7 is a fractional side view and part section of the double and triple type of the hollow blades; and

Figure 8 is a fractional top plan view of a detail.

The following description considered with said figures will more fully brin out the objects and operation of my turbine construction.

Reference numeral l0 denotes a stand or housing for the turbine rotor ll revoivable in said housing on a hollow shaft i2, the shaft running in a thin sleeve or thimble I! of heat resisting steel fixed at its outer end in a collar Ii and extending into a pillow block I! which supports the end of the hollow shaft on the steam side of the housing. The outer end of the shaft l2 and shrunk on such tapered part is a steam packing The pillow block I8 is in the usual two parts of such type of bearing and the outer end of the block is threaded as at I! to receive the interiorly threaded end of the collar IS, the outer end of which collar is chambered to receive the packing id as shown. The cap or top part of the pillow block is held down by bolts 15 in the usual manner and is also provided with an oil cup-20.

An outer closure ring 2i is threaded on the outer end of the collar I! and fits over a flange 22 carried on the end of a couplin nipple 22'. Suitable packing 23 is positioned upon the two sides of the flange 22 and is maintained tightly in contact with the adjacent sides of the flange by the closure ring 2i, as shown in Figure 1.

For the attachment of a suitable pipe for steam or compressed air for delivery into the hollow shaft l2, a slip coupling 24 is mounted upon the outer end of the nipple 22'.

The hollow shaft I2 is closed at its inner or left end by a partition I21: and is provided with a series 01' apertures 25 leading into the distribution chamber 26 of the rotor H. The rotor has a solid rear wall 21 and joined thereto a peripheral, cylindrical rim 28, together forming said distribution chamber 26, into which is inserted the rotor unit 29 with hollow blades 30 for compressed air or steam. This unit is preferably made in quarters which have their radial ends bolted together as at II. This unit is provided with an outer rim 22 fitting tightly against the cylindrical rotor rim or wall 28, while an inner hollow manifold ring 32 is also provided which is spaced from the shaft l2 to form the space or distribution chamber 26 of the rotor.

As previously stated, the rotor unit is made in.

quarters. These quarters have their ends in opposed relation as shown in Figure 2 and they have their outer or convex sides fitted tightly against the inner surface of the rotor rim or wall 28. To facilitate the maintenance of the quarter sections of the rotor unit properly in position, particularly when installing the sections, there are provided the radial posts upon the hollow shaft at the side of the rotor opposite from the wall 21. Opposing and spaced from the radial outer ends of the posts II and formed upon the inner side of the rotor rim or wall 28 are the lugs 6|. The lugs and posts form cooperating members and are each four in number and are i terposed between the adjacent opposing ends of the quarter sections of the rotor unit, as clearly shown in the thimble, are tapered, and encircling and Figure 2. As is also clearly shown in this fi ure and in Figure 3, each end of each quarter section of the rotor unit is provided with the inner and outer notches 82 and 63 which cooperate with corresponding notches upon the adjacent end of the next unit to receive the posts and lugs and the portion of the endwall of the quarter section between the notches 62 and 63 is directly in abutting relation with a like portion of the next quarter section. These portions at the ends of the sections are designated '64 and they have threaded semi-circular grooves 65 which match corresponding grooves in the adjacent portion to receive the securing screws 46'. Accordingly, it will be readily seen that each of the quarter sections can be slid into position within the rotor, having its ends restin upon two posts 60 and when the four quarter sections are so placed they are bolted together by the bolt 3|. These screws 46' have a specific function hereinafter particularly described.

Between the inner and outer rings 32, 33 are welded the hollow power blades 30. These power blades are all curved in the same direction and on the same radius and can be made right-handed or left-handed for exchange on the same rotor to make it right-handed or left-handed. These power blades are preferably made of thin electrically welded steel plate.

The blades may be made with single, double or triple passages as shown to form impact surfaces at 30, 3011 or 30b in Figures 3 and '7. YA unit with all double passages 30a or all triple passages 30b is preferable. In this manner more power is generated. The blade units are thus mounted so as to be easily removed or replaced.

The rotor rim 28 has openings 28' for the purpose about to be set forth.

Around the outer periphery of the rotor rim 28 is a circumferentially adjustable cylindrical band 34 adapted for closing or opening the large exhaust holes 35 from the blades which register with the openings 28' for exhaust into the exhaust chamber 36. This band has corresponding holes 35' for register with the holes 28' and 35 and is secured in adjusted position by one or more screws 31 with beveled head in order to prevent said band from creeping n the rotor when running. The band has its beveled edge recessed at 38 on each side of the screw, and on the opposite side of the band 34 there is provided a stop 39 carried by the rotor rim to clamp the band firmly in adjusted position.

An important part of the invention is the furnishin of transverse ridges 40 on the inside of the turbine housing. These ridges or flutes shown of half round section, are provided to prevent the cutting of the inside surface of the housing by the steam exhausting into chamber 36. Escape for the exhaust steam from the chamber 36, which extends all around the rotor, is shown as ports 4|, with plugs to regulate the amount of escape. A pipe 42 may be provided for the exhaust ports 4|.

Between the inlet apertures 25 and 25a provided in the rotor shaft II and the blade unit ring 33 are inserted short connecting pipes 43. As there are provided at least two such apertures 25a in each unit quadrant one of each such apertures 25a may be closed by a screw plug 44. This depends on what quantity of steam or compressed air is needed for driving the turbine. At 45 is shown the openings leading the steam from chamber 26 to the exhausts 4|. This turbine construction has been developed after a great deal of study to make all parts accessible for replaced ment or repair. All bearings and caps are provided with solid heat treated bushings.

In order to prevent a vacuum in the rotor wheel, a sheet steel covering 46 is placed against the side of the rotor opposite the wall 27 and secured thereto by the screws 48'. This covering is in four quarter sections, one for each rotor section, and the screws 46' are inserted through suitable recesses, not shown, in the joining edges of the cover sections, into the threaded grooves 85.

Keyed to the rotor in alignment with the hollow rotor shaft l2, the generator shaft 48 is carried in the bearings l6, l1, and between the latter a pulley 50 is fixed on the generatorshaft for transfer of power.

The turbine operates as follows:

Steam or compressed air is injected into the center of the hollow rotor shaft I2. from which said pressure medium passes into the manifold ring 33 of the blade unit by way of the apertures 25, pipes 43 and unit apertures 25a. This hollow ring distributes the pressure medium to the several curved hollow blades, five being shown in each unit quarter. After this delivery of the driving force against the curved surface of the blades 30, which as stated may be single, double, or triple apertured, the pressure medium, having thus spent its force to rotate the rotor, now escapes by way of the outer openings 35 into the exhaust chamber 26 and the outlet 45 and exhaust ports 4| or pipes 42.

It is to be understood that the invention as herein disclosed may be varied from the details described and shown without departure from the spirit of the subjoined claims.

I claim:

1. In a pressure medium turbine, a housing forming a closed exhaust chamber having exhaust ports, a rotor rotatably supported in the chamber and having a hollow shaft closed at one end, the rotor having an end wall and an outer circular rim carried by the wall, a rotor unit positioned in the rotor and comprising separable quarter sections, the sectional rotor units comprising inner and outer rings and each unit including end walls, each of which is in opposed relation with an end wall of an adjacent unit, said inner ring being in the form of a hollow manifold, curved hollow blades extending outwardly from the manifold between the inner and outer rings, said outer ring having outlet ports with which the hollow blades are in communication, said rim having ports in register with the outer ring ports for the'discharge of pressure medium from the blades into the exhaust chamber, means coupling said rotor unit sections together, means for conducting pressure medium from within the hollow shaft into the manifold, and means for taking off power from said shaft.

2. A pressure medium turbine of the character stated in claim 1, with radial supports carried by the shaft, and means for slidably connecting each of the rotor unit sections with the radial supports whereby the outer ring of the rotor unit is maintained against the inner side of said rim.

3. A pressure medium turbine of the character stated in claim 1, with radial supports carried by the shaft, means for slidably connectin each of the rotor unit sections with the radial supports whereby the outer ring of the rotor unit is maintained against the inner side of said rim, and removable side wall plates secured against the sides of the rotor unit sections opposite from said rotor end wall to close the space between the inner and outer rings.

'rotor having an' end wall and an outer circular rim carried by the wall, a rotor unit removably positioned in the rotor; said rotor unit comprising inner and outer rings, the outer ring being disfold in the rotor around and spaced'from the shaft, curved hollow blades connected with and extending outwardly from the manifold and disposed againstthe inner side of the rim, the inner ring comprising a manifold in spaced encircling relation with the shaft, said outer ring and said rim having coinciding apertures forming exhaust ports, a plurality of curved hollow blades mounted between said inner and outer rings, the inner ends of the blades being in communication with the manifold and the outer ends of the blades bein positioned for discharge through said exhaust ports, means for conveying pressure medium from the hollow shaft to said manifold, means for taking off power from the shaft, mean for controlling the escape of pressure medium from the exhaust ports comprising a flat band encircling said rim and lying flat thereagainst, the band having ports adapted for register with said exhaust ports, the band being adjustable around the rim, and means for securing. the band in adiusted position.

5. In a pressure medium turbine a, housing forming a closed exhaust chamber having exhaust ports, a rotor rotatably supported in the chamber and having a hollow shaft closed at one end, the rotor having an end wall and an outer circular rim carried by the-wall, a circular manicharging into the housing through said rim, means for conducting a pressure medium from the hollow shaft into the manifold, means for taking off power from said shaft, and means extending around and adjustable on said rim for regulating the discharge of the pressure medium from the hollow blades throuBh the rim.

' JUIJAN DEMATTEIS.

REFERENCES crr'sn I The following references are of record in the file of this patent;

' STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 433,727 Golf -1, Aug;6, 1890 741,491 Hedlund n Oct. 13, 1903 1,006,859 Mackey Oct. 24, 1911 1,250,663 Rohmer Dec. 18, 1917 1,504,736 Brown Aug. 12, 1924 2,021,289 Caylor Nov. 19, 1935 2,123,816 Utsman July 12, 1938 FOREFIGN'PATENTS Number Country Date 2,817 Great Britain Apr. 17, 1897 7 17,299 Great Britain 1888 29,726 Switzerland Dec. 22, 1903 158,919 Switzerland Feb. 18, 1933

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