US2448720A - Novel greases - Google Patents

Novel greases Download PDF

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Publication number
US2448720A
US2448720A US654529A US65452946A US2448720A US 2448720 A US2448720 A US 2448720A US 654529 A US654529 A US 654529A US 65452946 A US65452946 A US 65452946A US 2448720 A US2448720 A US 2448720A
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Prior art keywords
soap
aluminum
greases
barium
grease
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Expired - Lifetime
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US654529A
Inventor
Francis J Lieata
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Nopco Chemical Co
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Nopco Chemical Co
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US454825A external-priority patent/US2431760A/en
Application filed by Nopco Chemical Co filed Critical Nopco Chemical Co
Priority to US654529A priority Critical patent/US2448720A/en
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Publication of US2448720A publication Critical patent/US2448720A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M5/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions containing as the essential lubricating ingredient mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M9/00—Transmissions characterised by use of an endless chain, belt, or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/20—Natural rubber; Natural resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

  • Patented Sept. 7, 1948 UNITED STATE Francis JQLicata, West Caldwell, J ass ignor to Nopco Chemical Company, Harrison, corporation of New J No Drawing. 7 Original application August 14 1942, Serial No. 454,825, now Patent No.
  • Aluminum base greases are widely used for lubrication purposes on account of their waterproof characteristics, their heat resistance within certain limitations and their attractive appearance.
  • thesegreases have certain disadvantages, notably their tendency to assume a jelly-like, rubbery texture upon heating above a certain critical temperature; their tendency towards syneresis, or bleeding out of oil in storage and use; and their somewhat granular and crumbling structure.
  • the oils contained in aluminum base greases must be of relatively high viscosity in order to form a stable grease.
  • Another object is to provide an aluminum base grease which will not separate oil upon standing.
  • Still another object is to provide an aluminum base grease in which a larger proportion of soap base may be incorporated than has hitherto been possible.
  • aluminum base greases which contain, in addition to aluminum soaps of saturated higher fatty acids, a small proportion of a barium soap of a higher fatty acid.
  • the added barium soap serves to stabilize the colloidal structure of the grease, preventing syneresis thereof during storage and use, and restraining the tendency of the grease to assume a rubbery texture at high temperatures.
  • greases prepared according to this invention are characterized by having a smoother and more unctuous texture in comparison to aluminum base greases heretofore prepared and likewise are capable of holding a substantially greater amount of soap for a given consistency than is possible with aluminum base greases heretofore prepared.
  • the expressions aluminum base greases and aluminum soaps as used herein are qualified in that, in each instance, the aluminum base or soap is that of an aluminum soap of a saturated higher fatty acid.
  • the greases of this invention will be constituted substantially the same as the aluminum base greases hitherto manufactured, containing in general between about 2% and about 15% to 20% of aluminum soaps of saturated Claims. (01. 252--36) j her 2, 1947. Divided and h 14,,1346, Serial No.
  • the percentage of aluminum soap incorporated into the greases of this invention maybe slightly higher than in the usual aluminum base greases in view of the softening tendency of the nonaluminum soap additive.
  • the aluminum content of the aluminum-soap may be varied between the usual limits and will generally be such that the washed ash determined upon the soapwill lie between about 4% and about 12%.
  • Thefatty residues in the aluminum soap may be of the types customarily used in aluminum base greases, i. e., higher saturated fatty radicals on the order of palmitic, stearic, margaric, etc., radicals.
  • the fatty radicals in the barium soap may be any of the higher fatty acids having molecules containing upwards of 8 carbon atoms, and pref erably upwardsof 16 carbon atoms. Preferably, butnot necessarily, the fatty acids should be saturated.
  • a list of suitable fatty acids, the barium soaps of-Which may suitably be employed in the greases-oi this invention, includes palmitic, stearic, arachidic, lauric, margaric, oleic, elaidic, erucic, and the like, fatty acids.
  • soapsof purefatty acids there may be employed soaps of suitable mixed fatty radicals coming within the requirements above set forth, such as the mixed fatty radicals derivable from the animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes such as tallow, corn oil, cottonseed oil, hydro genated fish oils, and the like.
  • the naphthenic acids are suitable components of the nonaluminum soaps incorporated into greases according to this invention.
  • the mol ratio of metallic and of fatty radicals present in the said soaps may vary; in general, at least one of the valencies of the metal should be combined with fatty radicals, but a higher ratio may desirably be employed.
  • the neutral soap will be employed.
  • the amount of barium soap incorporated into the grease of this invention may vary, depending on the properties desired in the final product, but in general this amount will be only a small fraction of the amount of the aluminum soap present. Roughly, the objects of this invention can be attained by the addition of from about 0.1% to about 5% of the barium soap, based upon the total weight of grease. In general, the higher the percentage of barium soap, the softer the resulting grease will be for any given percentage of aluminum soap, and advantage can be taken of this fact to add a considerably greater total amount of soaps to the grease than has heretofore been possible with aluminum base soaps.
  • the above ingredients were heated to 150 C. with stirring, and slowly cooled to room temperature; The resultinggrease-was soft with'a smooth texture and free from bleeding. On reheating, it melted without passingthrough the rubbery stage.
  • the greases provided by'this invention aredistinguished from similar greases heretofore prepared in that they do not become rubbery upon heating. This is highly advantageous since the greases do not-lose their lubricating properties upon overheating of the surfaces to which they are applied. Further, greases according to this invention possess a smoother and more unctuous texture than aluminum base greases heretofore prepared. Still further, the greases of this invention may have a higher net soap content, can be made from less viscous oils without danger of bleeding out of the oil, and'exh'ibit a higher degree of water-resist- 4 ance than aluminum base greases of the prior art. Finally, greases according to this invention are highly stable in storage and use against any separation or syneresis of the oils contained therein.
  • Alubricating grease comprising mineral oil, 2%.to 20% of an aluminum soap of a saturated higher-fatty acid and 0.1% to 5.0% of a barium soap of a higher fatty acid, the quantity of the barium soap being only a fraction of that of the aluminum soap.
  • a lubricating grease comprising mineral oil, 2% to 20% of an aluminum soap of a saturated higher fatty acid and 0.1% to 5.0% of a barium soap of a saturated higher fatty acid, the quantity of the barium soap being only a fraction of that of the aluminum soap.
  • a lubricating grease comprising mineral oil, to 20% aluminum stearate and 0.1% to 5.0% of a barium soap of a higher fatty acid, the quantity of the barium soap being only a fraction of the aluminum soap.
  • a lubricating grease comprising mineral oil, 2% to 20% aluminum stearate and 0.1% to 5.0% of a barium soap of a saturated higher fatty acid, the quantity of the barium soap being only a fraction of that of the aluminum soap.
  • a lubricating grease comprising mineral oil, 2% to 20% aluminum stearate and 0.1% to 5.0% barium stearate, the quantity of the barium soap being only a fraction of that of the aluminum soap.

Description

Patented Sept. 7, 1948 UNITED STATE Francis JQLicata, West Caldwell, J ass ignor to Nopco Chemical Company, Harrison, corporation of New J No Drawing. 7 Original application August 14 1942, Serial No. 454,825, now Patent No.
, 2,431,760, dated Decem this application Marc This invention relates to improved aluminum base greases. I
Aluminum base greases are widely used for lubrication purposes on account of their waterproof characteristics, their heat resistance within certain limitations and their attractive appearance. However, thesegreases have certain disadvantages, notably their tendency to assume a jelly-like, rubbery texture upon heating above a certain critical temperature; their tendency towards syneresis, or bleeding out of oil in storage and use; and their somewhat granular and crumbling structure. Further, the oils contained in aluminum base greases must be of relatively high viscosity in order to form a stable grease.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide aluminum base greases which will have a smooth, unctuous and greasy texture, and which will retain this texture when heated to elevated temperatures.
Another object is to provide an aluminum base grease which will not separate oil upon standing.
Still another object is to provide an aluminum base grease in which a larger proportion of soap base may be incorporated than has hitherto been possible.
The above and other objects are attained by this invention in aluminum base greases which contain, in addition to aluminum soaps of saturated higher fatty acids, a small proportion of a barium soap of a higher fatty acid. The added barium soap serves to stabilize the colloidal structure of the grease, preventing syneresis thereof during storage and use, and restraining the tendency of the grease to assume a rubbery texture at high temperatures. Further, greases prepared according to this invention are characterized by having a smoother and more unctuous texture in comparison to aluminum base greases heretofore prepared and likewise are capable of holding a substantially greater amount of soap for a given consistency than is possible with aluminum base greases heretofore prepared. The expressions aluminum base greases and aluminum soaps as used herein are qualified in that, in each instance, the aluminum base or soap is that of an aluminum soap of a saturated higher fatty acid.
Except for the nonaluminum soap additive just mentioned, the greases of this invention will be constituted substantially the same as the aluminum base greases hitherto manufactured, containing in general between about 2% and about 15% to 20% of aluminum soaps of saturated Claims. (01. 252--36) j her 2, 1947. Divided and h 14,,1346, Serial No.
higher fatty acids, comprising essentially lubri v cating oils. The percentage of aluminum soap incorporated into the greases of this invention maybe slightly higher than in the usual aluminum base greases in view of the softening tendency of the nonaluminum soap additive. The aluminum content of the aluminum-soap may be varied between the usual limits and will generally be such that the washed ash determined upon the soapwill lie between about 4% and about 12%. Thefatty residues in the aluminum soap may be of the types customarily used in aluminum base greases, i. e., higher saturated fatty radicals on the order of palmitic, stearic, margaric, etc., radicals.
The fatty radicals in the barium soap may be any of the higher fatty acids having molecules containing upwards of 8 carbon atoms, and pref erably upwardsof 16 carbon atoms. Preferably, butnot necessarily, the fatty acids should be saturated. A list of suitable fatty acids, the barium soaps of-Which may suitably be employed in the greases-oi this invention, includes palmitic, stearic, arachidic, lauric, margaric, oleic, elaidic, erucic, and the like, fatty acids. Instead of the soapsof purefatty acids, there may be employed soaps of suitable mixed fatty radicals coming within the requirements above set forth, such as the mixed fatty radicals derivable from the animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes such as tallow, corn oil, cottonseed oil, hydro genated fish oils, and the like. Likewise, the naphthenic acids are suitable components of the nonaluminum soaps incorporated into greases according to this invention. The mol ratio of metallic and of fatty radicals present in the said soaps may vary; in general, at least one of the valencies of the metal should be combined with fatty radicals, but a higher ratio may desirably be employed. Usually, the neutral soap will be employed.
The amount of barium soap incorporated into the grease of this invention may vary, depending on the properties desired in the final product, but in general this amount will be only a small fraction of the amount of the aluminum soap present. Roughly, the objects of this invention can be attained by the addition of from about 0.1% to about 5% of the barium soap, based upon the total weight of grease. In general, the higher the percentage of barium soap, the softer the resulting grease will be for any given percentage of aluminum soap, and advantage can be taken of this fact to add a considerably greater total amount of soaps to the grease than has heretofore been possible with aluminum base soaps.
The manner of preparing greases of this invention can. follow any conventionalv practice, this not being critical to the invention. Conveniently, the aluminum soap, barium soap,
lubricating oil and any other desired ingredients.
With the above discussion in mind, there is.
given herewith an example of a grease prepared in accordance with this invention. All parts.
given are by weight:
Example Parts Aluminum stearate (8% Washed ash) 11 Barium soap (neutral stearate) 1 Paraflin oil (100 sec. viscosity 100 F.) 88
The above ingredients were heated to 150 C. with stirring, and slowly cooled to room temperature; The resultinggrease-was soft with'a smooth texture and free from bleeding. On reheating, it melted without passingthrough the rubbery stage.
From the above, it will be seen that the greases provided by'this invention aredistinguished from similar greases heretofore prepared in that they do not become rubbery upon heating. This is highly advantageous since the greases do not-lose their lubricating properties upon overheating of the surfaces to which they are applied. Further, greases according to this invention possess a smoother and more unctuous texture than aluminum base greases heretofore prepared. Still further, the greases of this invention may have a higher net soap content, can be made from less viscous oils without danger of bleeding out of the oil, and'exh'ibit a higher degree of water-resist- 4 ance than aluminum base greases of the prior art. Finally, greases according to this invention are highly stable in storage and use against any separation or syneresis of the oils contained therein.
This application is a division of my application Serial No. 454,825 filed on August 14, 1942, now Patent No. 2,431,760, dated December 2, 1947.
I therefore claim:
1. Alubricating grease comprising mineral oil, 2%.to 20% of an aluminum soap of a saturated higher-fatty acid and 0.1% to 5.0% of a barium soap of a higher fatty acid, the quantity of the barium soap being only a fraction of that of the aluminum soap.
2'. A lubricating grease comprising mineral oil, 2% to 20% of an aluminum soap of a saturated higher fatty acid and 0.1% to 5.0% of a barium soap of a saturated higher fatty acid, the quantity of the barium soap being only a fraction of that of the aluminum soap.
3. A lubricating grease comprising mineral oil, to 20% aluminum stearate and 0.1% to 5.0% of a barium soap of a higher fatty acid, the quantity of the barium soap being only a fraction of the aluminum soap.
4. A lubricating grease comprising mineral oil, 2% to 20% aluminum stearate and 0.1% to 5.0% of a barium soap of a saturated higher fatty acid, the quantity of the barium soap being only a fraction of that of the aluminum soap.
5. A lubricating grease comprising mineral oil, 2% to 20% aluminum stearate and 0.1% to 5.0% barium stearate, the quantity of the barium soap being only a fraction of that of the aluminum soap.
FRANCIS J. LICATA.
REFERENCES CITED i The'following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,625,969 Willock et al Apr. 26, 1927 2,266,544 Freuler- Dec. 16, 1941 2,332,247 Morway et a1 Oct. 19, 1943 2,379,245 Morway et a1 June 26, 1945 2,397,956 Fraser Apr. 9, 1946
US654529A 1942-08-14 1946-03-14 Novel greases Expired - Lifetime US2448720A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US454825A US2431760A (en) 1942-08-14 1942-08-14 Aluminum-base greases
US654529A US2448720A (en) 1942-08-14 1946-03-14 Novel greases

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2507206A1 (en) * 1981-06-04 1982-12-10 Yacimientos Petroliferos Fisca LITHIUM GREASE OF THE TYPE COMPRISING PARAFFIN OILS, THICKENERS AND LITHIUM COMPOUNDS

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1625969A (en) * 1921-08-30 1927-04-26 Waverly Oil Works Company Lubricant
US2266544A (en) * 1938-11-18 1941-12-16 Union Oil Co Magnesium and aluminum soap grease
US2332247A (en) * 1941-09-12 1943-10-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricant
US2379245A (en) * 1941-07-05 1945-06-26 Standard Oil Dev Co Semifluid chassis or track roller lubricant
US2397956A (en) * 1943-01-15 1946-04-09 Internat Lubricant Corp Production of lubricants

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1625969A (en) * 1921-08-30 1927-04-26 Waverly Oil Works Company Lubricant
US2266544A (en) * 1938-11-18 1941-12-16 Union Oil Co Magnesium and aluminum soap grease
US2379245A (en) * 1941-07-05 1945-06-26 Standard Oil Dev Co Semifluid chassis or track roller lubricant
US2332247A (en) * 1941-09-12 1943-10-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricant
US2397956A (en) * 1943-01-15 1946-04-09 Internat Lubricant Corp Production of lubricants

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2507206A1 (en) * 1981-06-04 1982-12-10 Yacimientos Petroliferos Fisca LITHIUM GREASE OF THE TYPE COMPRISING PARAFFIN OILS, THICKENERS AND LITHIUM COMPOUNDS

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