US2446825A - Ultra high frequency electric discharge device - Google Patents

Ultra high frequency electric discharge device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2446825A
US2446825A US470758A US47075842A US2446825A US 2446825 A US2446825 A US 2446825A US 470758 A US470758 A US 470758A US 47075842 A US47075842 A US 47075842A US 2446825 A US2446825 A US 2446825A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
anode
electrons
energy
field
cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US470758A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Anatole M Gurewitsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE475640D priority Critical patent/BE475640A/xx
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US470758A priority patent/US2446825A/en
Priority to FR947392D priority patent/FR947392A/fr
Priority to GB4156/48A priority patent/GB654585A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2446825A publication Critical patent/US2446825A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/58—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having a number of resonators; having a composite resonator, e.g. a helix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/16—Control arrangements for fluid-driven presses
    • B30B15/24—Control arrangements for fluid-driven presses controlling the movement of a plurality of actuating members to maintain parallel movement of the platen or press beam

Definitions

  • My invention relates 'to 'ii ltra high frequency electric dischargedevices and more particularly to iil-tra high frequency-discharge devices of the magnetron type.
  • -It' is another object of myinvention to provide -n'ew and improved ultrahigh frequency electric discharge devices or the magnetrontype whereinelectron permeable or pe'rvious 'anode structures are provided so'that electrons having relatively large radial paths are efiectively employed to obtain'the desired transfer of energy b'etween the-field of the anodestructuresandthe electrons constituting the rotatingspa'ce charge.
  • I' providean ultra hig h modeof electrical oscillation, -"establishing therecorpo- I 31, mizjsenai'iwof'iionss by a* predet'rininted-electromagnetic field patte' fn *A are so "correlated the f''elec't'rons paths of aippreciable radii-"extending hollow anodereg-ion ting witlithee magnetic-fields;or'ifield at'tins; to"effect ransfer 'of-hig'h' frequency energy to the anode field, or derive "energy therefrom. fsuch -f travel,
  • anode structure comprises *a met'allic annular "member provided with "a pliiralit y of inwar'dly extending proti1- berances formed hy ai plurality of'longitiidinarand circumferential fiutingsthe protuberances de'fin- --irig aplurality of' space resonant regions or cavi- "t'ie's 'which'in' codperationwith the orbital motions oft-he "electrons constitute efficient means for effectin'gtran'sfer' of' energy therebetween.
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of one of the disk members shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a still further modification of my invention wherein an annular anode member furnishes a plurality of space resonant regions formed by longitudinal and circumferential fiutings.
  • the electrons constituting the space charge between the anode and the cathode undergo: both rotational and translational motion, that is rotational motion. about the centrally located cathode and translational ,motion along the principal axis of the cathode.
  • rotational and translational motion that is rotational motion. about the centrally located cathode and translational ,motion along the principal axis of the cathode.
  • the electrons assume rotational and radial motions which produce a magnetic force substantially equaland opposite to the electric force acting thereon in the radial direction.
  • the total kinetic or rotational energy of the electrons of the space charge maybe analyzed as comprising two components, one is the energy due to motion along the radii, and the other is have been of such character that a substantial v, portion of the rotationalenergyof the electrons is not utilized because theelectrons, just at the points or places in their orbital motions at which the electrons develop appreciable rotational energy, strike the opposing anode surfaces, thereby dissipating the energy at those surfaces in the form of heat rather'than supplying the energy to the associated space resonant region.
  • the electrons are intentionally afforded relativelylarge spiral or orbital paths extending into the electromagnetic field established by an electron-permeable or pervious anode structure wherein an appreciable part of theelectron ro- 4 tational energy is utilized, and wherein the anode structure is of such size and configuration that a large percentage of the energy-delivering electrons do not come in contact with the anode structure until the electrons have delivered a substantial portion of their energy to the field.
  • the electrodes comprise a cathode, such as a cylindrical thermionic cathodeZ, which may include a cylindrical or tubular metallic braid 3 coated with a suitable electron-emissive material and which is connected to an externally accessible terminal 4 through lead-in conductor 5 and a metallic strap 6.
  • the cathode 2 also comprises an inner conductor (not shown) concentric with the cylindrical braid 3 terminated in a lead-in conductor I which extends to an externally accessible terminal 8.
  • Lead-in conductors 5 and 1 are, of course, sealed to the bottom of container I.
  • the anode structure 4 may comprise a hollow anode member 9 which is shown broken away in Fig. 1, and may have a U-shaped cross section, the top part I 0 and the bottom part I I constituting transverse members for defining the electromagnetic field in the longitudinal direction.
  • the anode member 9 is constructed of conductive material, preferably of a metal such as copper or brass, and may be provided with a plurality of longitudinal members l2 placed within the vicinity of the enlarged circular openings l3 and II in the top and bottom parts l0 and H, respectively.
  • Additional mechanical support for the hollow anode structure may be afforded by a plurality of radially extending vanes or rods l5 which extend from the longitudinal wall of the anode member 9 to the longitudinal supporting rods l2.
  • the rods I5 may also be employed for the purpose of assisting in the definition of the electromagnetic field patterns established within the anode member 9.
  • transverse disks l6 and I! may be supported by the cathode structure Z-and may be placed appreciable distances from the top and bottom parts l0 and l Lrespectively, of the anode member 9.
  • Electrical connections to the anode member 9 may be obtained by means of lead-in conductors I8 and 19 which are sealed insuitable tubulations at thetop of the envelope l affording externally a-ccessible'members 20 and 2
  • a magnetic field is provided by employing.
  • electromagnetic coil 23 surrounding: that portion or the envelope I immediately opposite the anode part9.
  • The'electromag-netic field so produced is substantially parallel to the longitudinal: axis trical conductors 25 ancle 26 which are sealed ina suitable glass press on the side of envelope t.
  • the press and conductors 25 and 26 may extend through an opening in coil- 23.
  • the anode member 9 by virtue of its dimensions and configuration establishes a predeterminedelectromagnetic field pattern in accordance With itselectromagnetic mode or modes of oscillation.
  • These patterns-of the electromagnetic field are, of course, determined by the radius of the anode part- 9 and particularly the radius of the outside diameter thereof and theradii of the apertures'or openings [3 and I4. From an elementaryanalysis point of view for the sakeo-f obtaining a visual impression of the nature of the electromagnetic field patterns so established, it may be postulated that the circumferential distribution of the-field at any one time comprises aplurality of segmental fielclsections such that 1 adjacent segmental field sections are of opposite polarity.
  • the electrons constituting the space charge are given spiral paths having relatively large radii extending into the enclosed anode region of member 9 and there undergo cyclical variationsin velocity to absorb energy from the magnetic field thereof, or to deliver energy thereto, depending upon. the purpose for which the-device-as a whole islemployed.
  • the electrons which pass into the anode region deliver energy to the electromagnetic field, and by virtue of the structure which permits substantial rotary motion with a minimum of structure for impeding such motion, a large portion of the rotational energy of the electrons is effectively utilized.
  • the electrons which leave the cathode and enter the electromagnetic field at a time when the potential or the electromagnetic field exerts a decelerating effect thereondeliver energy to the-field; that is, these electrons are slowed clownin their motion, kinetic energy thereof beingdelivered tothe electromagnetic field. Consequently these electrons remain within the anode region for substantialy longer peri ods-of't-ime; and undergo'successiveor cyclic variations in velocity todeliver energy to the elec tromagneticfield.
  • the aggregate effect of the energy-delivering electrons is greater than the-effect of the electrons which. ab-- sorbenergy from the electromagnetic field.
  • Fig; 2' there is diagrammatically illustrated a simplified plan view of the-path of an energydelivering electron which is emitted from thecathode cylinder- 3' and which enters the hollow anode region, traversing or passing through theelectromagnetic field thereof.
  • the anode structure hasbeenshown as comprising only six" segmental parts: designating graphically three complete cyclic distributions of pote'nti'alii'nwhich adjacent segments maybe-considered; for the purpose of elementary analysis; as comprising field sections of instantaneously differentpolarities.
  • the dotted curve A indicatesthe probable mean path of an energy-delivering electron.
  • The, heavycurve B represents-a prob"- ablepath of an energy-delivering electron having rotational motion within the anode part 9;.and at theisame time undergoing radial changes inposition incident to the interaction with the anode field.
  • the phase position of the electrons relative to the instantaneous values of the high frequency field pattern advances in phase relative to the anode field, and this advance will continue to a point where the electrons would tend to absorb energy from the field unless the electrons are effectively removed from the anode
  • the electrons which have spent the greater portion of their energy may be caused to pass outside the efiective range of anode part 9.
  • the electrons may be made to impinge on the top, the bottom or side wall of the anode part 9.
  • Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates a modificationof my invention wherein anode structure is provided which also permits utilization, in a large measure, of the rotational energy of the electrons in supplying energy to the electromagnetic field of a space resonant region or cavity.
  • I provide a plurality of wafer-like metallic disks 21--3l in alinement and which are maintained indesired axial displacement by means of a plurality of annular spacers 32.
  • the complete anode structure may be assembled as a unit and ,held in position by means of a fixture 33 supported from the inside of an envelope 34 comprising the enclosure for an electric discharge device of the general type shown in Fig. 1.
  • Each of the disks 21-31 is provided with an enlarged central opening 35 in alinement with similar openings and through which the cathode cylinder 3 extends.
  • a more detailed view of the disk construction may be obtained by referring to the plan view shown in Fig. 4 wherein the disk 21 is shown as comprising the enlarged central opening 35 in communication with a plurality of circumferentially spaced space-resonant regions or cavities which may take the form of a plurality of circular openings 36 in communication with the large central opening 35 by means of radial slots 31.
  • Each of the openings 36 and its associated slot are dimensioned to be resonant to a particular frequency.
  • Electrodes may take the form of a loop 38 extending into the opening and which comprises an extension of a concentric transmission line including a conductor 39 and an outer tubular conductor 40.
  • the anode structure is also designed to afford a small area or surface against which the electrons may impinge, thereby causing the electron space charge to lose only a relatively small amount of energy in the form of heat by impingement on the anode structure.
  • the spaces between disks 21-31, inclusive afford appreciable regions within which the electrons describe paths of relatively large radii, thereby delivering a substantial portion of the rotational energy to the electromagnetic fields of the various space resonant regions.
  • FIG. 5 A still further embodiment of my invention is illustrated in Fig. 5 wherein anode structure, shown broken away, comprises an annular metallic cylinder 4
  • is provided with aplurality of inwardly extending protuberances 42 de-- fining therebetween a plurality of space resonant regions 43.
  • the space resonant regions may be formed by a plurality of interconnected circumferential and longitudinal flutes or channels.
  • the modification of my invention shown in Fig. 5 also provides paths for the efiective utilization of the energy incident to the electrons which describe paths of relatively large radii inasmuch as the electrons may traverse the channels between longitudinally displaced protuberances, delivering energy to the electromagnetic fields of the various space resonant regions.
  • An electric discharge device of the magnetron type comprising an elongated cathode, an anode comprising a multi-cavity resonator surrounding said cathode and including a generally cylindrical conductive member, and a plurality of conductive structures electrically connected to and supported from said cylindrical member and extending radially inwardly in circumferentially spaced relation toward said cathode and terminating short of the cathode to define an interelectrode space, said conductive structures defining substantial open spaces in a circumferential direction through which electrons may pass without being collected by said anode when moving within said anode under the action of a magnetic field substantially parallel to said cathode and a substantially radial electric field.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US470758A 1942-12-31 1942-12-31 Ultra high frequency electric discharge device Expired - Lifetime US2446825A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE475640D BE475640A (US08124317-20120228-C00026.png) 1942-12-31
US470758A US2446825A (en) 1942-12-31 1942-12-31 Ultra high frequency electric discharge device
FR947392D FR947392A (fr) 1942-12-31 1947-05-30 Perfectionnements aux tubes à décharche pour hyperfréquences
GB4156/48A GB654585A (en) 1942-12-31 1948-02-12 Improvements in and relating to ultra high frequency electric discharge devices of the magnetron type

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US470758A US2446825A (en) 1942-12-31 1942-12-31 Ultra high frequency electric discharge device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2446825A true US2446825A (en) 1948-08-10

Family

ID=23868911

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US470758A Expired - Lifetime US2446825A (en) 1942-12-31 1942-12-31 Ultra high frequency electric discharge device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2446825A (US08124317-20120228-C00026.png)
BE (1) BE475640A (US08124317-20120228-C00026.png)
FR (1) FR947392A (US08124317-20120228-C00026.png)
GB (1) GB654585A (US08124317-20120228-C00026.png)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2489131A (en) * 1943-11-17 1949-11-22 Rca Corp Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type
US2546773A (en) * 1945-06-23 1951-03-27 Gen Electric Anode structure for space resonant discharge devices
US2547503A (en) * 1943-11-19 1951-04-03 Rca Corp Multiresonator magnetron
US2562738A (en) * 1949-05-04 1951-07-31 Gen Electric Electron discharge apparatus for amplifying ultra high frequency waves
US2642551A (en) * 1950-05-08 1953-06-16 Charles V Litton High-frequency magnetron
US2678407A (en) * 1950-01-04 1954-05-11 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron-discharge device
US20160056005A1 (en) * 2014-08-21 2016-02-25 Raytheon Company Rapid 3d prototyping and fabricating of slow-wave structures, including electromagnetic meta-material structures, for millimeter-wavelength and terahertz-frequency high-power vacuum electronic devices

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1063284B (de) * 1955-10-18 1959-08-13 Deutsche Elektronik Gmbh Magnetfeldroehre zur Erzeugung oder Verstaerkung von sehr kurzen elektrischen Schwingungen verschiedener Frequenz

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1387985A (en) * 1916-11-13 1921-08-16 Gen Electric Electron-discharge device
US1684947A (en) * 1922-06-23 1928-09-18 C H F Muller Rontgenrohrenfabr Vacuum discharge apparatus
US1978021A (en) * 1930-10-13 1934-10-23 American Telephone & Telegraph Ultrashort wave system
US2005793A (en) * 1930-07-21 1935-06-25 Rca Corp Oscillation generation
US2043733A (en) * 1930-04-02 1936-06-09 Brasch Arno High voltage vacuum discharge tube
US2207846A (en) * 1938-06-30 1940-07-16 Rca Corp Electronic discharge device
US2247077A (en) * 1940-07-27 1941-06-24 Gen Electric High frequency electronic apparatus
US2250698A (en) * 1937-12-10 1941-07-29 Csf Magnetron
US2270777A (en) * 1939-04-06 1942-01-20 Telefunken Gmbh Ultra short wave electron discharge device system
US2288812A (en) * 1939-09-30 1942-07-07 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US2417789A (en) * 1941-12-01 1947-03-18 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron anode structure

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1387985A (en) * 1916-11-13 1921-08-16 Gen Electric Electron-discharge device
US1684947A (en) * 1922-06-23 1928-09-18 C H F Muller Rontgenrohrenfabr Vacuum discharge apparatus
US2043733A (en) * 1930-04-02 1936-06-09 Brasch Arno High voltage vacuum discharge tube
US2005793A (en) * 1930-07-21 1935-06-25 Rca Corp Oscillation generation
US1978021A (en) * 1930-10-13 1934-10-23 American Telephone & Telegraph Ultrashort wave system
US2250698A (en) * 1937-12-10 1941-07-29 Csf Magnetron
US2207846A (en) * 1938-06-30 1940-07-16 Rca Corp Electronic discharge device
US2270777A (en) * 1939-04-06 1942-01-20 Telefunken Gmbh Ultra short wave electron discharge device system
US2288812A (en) * 1939-09-30 1942-07-07 Rca Corp Electron discharge device
US2247077A (en) * 1940-07-27 1941-06-24 Gen Electric High frequency electronic apparatus
US2417789A (en) * 1941-12-01 1947-03-18 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron anode structure

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2489131A (en) * 1943-11-17 1949-11-22 Rca Corp Electron discharge device of the cavity resonator type
US2547503A (en) * 1943-11-19 1951-04-03 Rca Corp Multiresonator magnetron
US2546773A (en) * 1945-06-23 1951-03-27 Gen Electric Anode structure for space resonant discharge devices
US2562738A (en) * 1949-05-04 1951-07-31 Gen Electric Electron discharge apparatus for amplifying ultra high frequency waves
US2678407A (en) * 1950-01-04 1954-05-11 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron-discharge device
US2642551A (en) * 1950-05-08 1953-06-16 Charles V Litton High-frequency magnetron
US20160056005A1 (en) * 2014-08-21 2016-02-25 Raytheon Company Rapid 3d prototyping and fabricating of slow-wave structures, including electromagnetic meta-material structures, for millimeter-wavelength and terahertz-frequency high-power vacuum electronic devices
EP3183081A1 (en) * 2014-08-21 2017-06-28 Raytheon Company Rapid 3d prototyping and fabricating of slow-wave structures, including electromagnetic meta-material structures, for millimeter-wavelength and terahertz-frequency high-power vacuum electronic devices
US10580611B2 (en) * 2014-08-21 2020-03-03 Raytheon Company Rapid 3D prototyping and fabricating of slow-wave structures, including electromagnetic meta-material structures, for millimeter-wavelength and terahertz-frequency high-power vacuum electronic devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB654585A (en) 1951-06-20
BE475640A (US08124317-20120228-C00026.png)
FR947392A (fr) 1949-06-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2278210A (en) Electron discharge device
US2207846A (en) Electronic discharge device
US2582185A (en) Cavity resonator magnetron
US2129713A (en) High frequency oscillation system
US2408409A (en) Ultra high frequency electronic device
GB578655A (en) Improvements in or relating to high frequency electron discharge systems
US2446825A (en) Ultra high frequency electric discharge device
US2468152A (en) Ultra high frequency apparatus of the cavity resonator type
US2398162A (en) Means and method for electron acceleration
US2466063A (en) High-power high-frequency electron discharge apparatus
US2403795A (en) High-frequency apparatus
US2464349A (en) Electronic high-voltage generator discharge device
US3432722A (en) Electromagnetic wave generating and translating apparatus
US3359451A (en) Beam collector structure for electron tubes having concentric longitudinally partitioned cooling annuli
US2407298A (en) Electron discharge apparatus
US2485401A (en) Magnetron
US2329780A (en) Electron discharge device
US3312857A (en) Microwave amplifier utilizing multipaction to produce periodically bunched electrons
US2466067A (en) High-frequency apparatus
US2411535A (en) High-frequency electron discharge apparatus
GB634703A (en) Electron discharge devices
US2464801A (en) Velocity-modulated electrondischarge device
US2227376A (en) Electrical converter
US2835844A (en) Electron beam deflection tube
US2590612A (en) High-frequency electron discharge device and circuits therefor