US244454A - Blast-furnace - Google Patents

Description

J..M.HART-MAN.

-BLAST I'URNACB.

V {a a UNITED STA'rEs PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN M; HARTMAN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANA.

BLAST-FA'UNAC E.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 244=,454, dated July 19, 1881.

Application filed October 21, 1880.- (No model.) 4

To all 'whom it may concern k Be it-known that I, 'JOHN M. HARTMAN, a citizen of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented new'and useful Improvements in Blast-Furnaces for Metallurgical Purposes,

in improvements in the cinder-discharge;

third, in improvements in the iron-discharge.

` I attain these objects bythe means illustrated in the following drawing, in which the figure shows a vertical section of the furnace with the new arrangement of bosh or slope, the cinder-discharge and the iron-discharge.

Blast-furnace linings as heretofore built consist of two parts: first, the upper lining or in-` walls, extending from the widest part of the interior of the furnace to the top of the furnace; second, the crucible or hearth and the bosh or slope, extending from the bottom of the furnace to the widest part of the interior of the furnace. This slope orbosh is soon worn away by the attrition of r the descending coal, ore,and stone, and requires frequent renewals. The slope and crucible walls being builtinone mass or body,-it becomes necessary to tear out the walls forming both the slope and crucible walls when the slope is to be rebuilt. To obviate this I build the crucible-walls thin to prevent their burning away, and carry them 'up above the fusion limit. I then build the -the notch are rapidly destroyed bythe cinder,

which is intensely hot. The n -shape box heretofore used to holdthe cinder-notch is of such a shapc that the coil or pipe cast in it cannot be wound close together. The hot cinder melts the cast-iron from the coil and soon burns ofi` the coil, as it is not wound close enough to give suflicient coolin g-surface to chill 'the breast.

When a furnace works irregularly some of theiron is discharged through the cinder-notch. This destroys the coil *in the breast 'holding the notch and compels its renewal.

By making the breast in two sections, u s, one part to slip in the other, a small part of the breast only has to be renewed. The space between the larger and smaller breastis packed with clay.

By placing a dam, as at t, across the larger end of the smaller breast part of the cinder is held back. This cinder forms a covering on the bottom of the breast, which protects the coil from the flowing iron;

By increasing the cooling-surface in a given space, as described, the melting of the walls surrounding. the breasts isavoided, and the furnace is thereby keptlonger in blast.

In Operating the I furnace there are times when the heat in the hearth becomes so low that the cinder will not flow through the small opening of the notch. It then' becomes neces- 'saryto get alargeopening into thefurnacefo` blowing out the partly-fused material in the furnace, and thereby to get fresh coal down to the tuyeres. By taking out the inner breast, v, a large opening is got into the furnace at once. The combustion of the fresh coal arrivin g at the tuyeres increases the heat quickly,

causes the cinder to flow rapidly, and separates the iron from the cinder. The coil can be omitted in these circular breasts, and an annular water-space be used in place of the coil.

I do not claim the controlling of the flow of slag through awater-cooled discharge-piece or cinder-block; nor do I claim the cinder-block u shown in breast T.

To discharge the molten iron from the bot- IOO water-eoils have been east in the jacket to preserve it; bnt at times the flow of the iron is so rapid that the water in the coil becomes hot, forms steannand the eol is burned off. When the coil burns QE the water is forced through the molten iron, causing terrific explosions, which burn the workmen and often destroy their lives.

When the iron flows too rapidly from the furnaee the pig-beds are overflowed, forming scrap-iron in place of good marketable iron.

By inserting in the tapping-hoic a hollow plug, V, havin g a cireulation of cold air through it, the flow of the iron can be controlled, and in event of a plug being destroyed the a'iwill cause no explosion.

The pipe x to snpply the cold air can he attaehed direct to themain eoid-blast pipe ot' the furnaee.

I claim no material between the flow ot' the molten metal and the hollow plug V.

I disclaim any regnlation of the flow of cinder by causing more or less water to flow through the eircular water-breasts in claim 2.

I do not broadlyelaim a bosh Situated above 2 5 the fusion limit, as this was granted me in Patent No. 22S,52S, June 8, 1880.

1 dsclaim a removable bosh Situated wholly or partly below the fsion limit.

I claim 1. A blast-furnace provided with a separate and detachable bosh or slope situated above the fnsion limit, substantially as described.

2. In connection with the einder-diseharge of a blast-fnrnace, the internal and external 35 water-breasts, s e, snbstantially as herein deseribed.

3. The conbination, in a blastfurnace, of a holiow tap-bole easing or plug and a pipe for supplying said casing with air.

JOHN M. HARTMAN.

Witnesses:

J. H. FRIES, HENRY C. PHILLIPPS.

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