US2442591A - Electrolytic polishing of stainless steel - Google Patents
Electrolytic polishing of stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- US2442591A US2442591A US460296A US46029642A US2442591A US 2442591 A US2442591 A US 2442591A US 460296 A US460296 A US 460296A US 46029642 A US46029642 A US 46029642A US 2442591 A US2442591 A US 2442591A
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- stainless steel
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 33
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title description 33
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title description 30
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
- C25F3/22—Polishing of heavy metals
- C25F3/24—Polishing of heavy metals of iron or steel
Definitions
- An object of my invention is the provision of a simple, direct and thoroughly reliable process of electrolytically polishing stainless steel, using an alternating electrolyzing current and low current densities.
- Another object of my invention is the provision of apparatus for electrolytically polishing stainless steel, which apparatus includes a compact assembly of equipment, which is installed and operated with a minimum of technical advice and skill, which is successfully energized from orinary alternating current service lines, and which in operation is thoroughly efiicient and reliable in achieving highly polished stainless steel products.
- stainless steel is defined as lowcarbon steel comprising 10% to 35% or more chromium, with or without nickel, and with or without supplemental additions of manganese, silicon, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, columbium, titanium, sulphur, and the like, for special purposes, and a balance substantially of iron.
- stainless steel is characterized in unpolished condition by a dull, grayish appearance. With proper polishing treatment, however, such steel is finished to possess a brilliant, mirror-like surface.
- mechanical polishing steps such as abrading, bufilng, and the like.
- Electrolytic polishing methods are far more simple, and more rapid and economical of performance. Electrolytically polished products, moreover, possess greater brilliance and improved beauty, there being a greater evenness and uniformity of finish.
- An outstanding object of my invention is the provision of an economical, industrially practical process of electrolytically polishing stainless steel wherein the work is evenly polished in an electrolyte solution by means of alternating electric current, which process is rapid of performance, and which gives highly polished products free of discoloration and free of etched or pitted areas.
- the bath itself consists of concentrated nitric acid, with or without a substantial amount of concentrated acetic acid.
- Alternating current electrical energy conveniently is supplied to the bath by way of a stepdown transformer l2 connected across a suitable source of alternating current supply I I.
- a stepdown transformer l2 connected across a suitable source of alternating current supply I I.
- Opposite ends of the transformer secondary winding l2a are connected respectively with suitably spaced immersed electrodes I3 and ll of the bath, as by conductors Ho and Ila.
- the electrode i3 is, for example, a plate of lead or the lining of tank 9, while the electrode is comprises a stainless steel work piece to be polished.
- alternating current courses through the concentrated acid electrolyte between the immersed electrodes and polishing of the stainless steel work begins promptly and proceeds rapidly.
- the polishing operation preferably is performed using a low current density ranging approximately from to 4 amperes per square inch of exposed surface. Such density, however, may be increased, depending on'other working conditions up to 12 or more amperes per square inch.
- a satisfactory polish ordinarily requires about three minutes time.
- the work then is withdrawn from the bath and disconnected from the source of supply. It then is rinsed thoroughly in clean water after which it is ready for use or sale. It possesses a mirror-like surface which is evenly polished and highly attractive.
- the actual polishing of the stainless steel is done on the positive half-cycle of the alternating current.
- the opposite or negative half-cycle of current surprisingly does not destroy the polish.
- the stainless steel work itself may represent either electrode of my polishing system, and be polished with equally as good results. In fact both electrodes may at the same time be represented by individual stainless steel work pieces. Polishing of the work then is successfully achieved in a thoroughly eildcient and practical manner at both electrodes.
- My electrolyte polishing process is' successfully practiced on stainless steel articles and products of widely differing quality and consistently gives uniformly polished stainless steel surfaces even where surfaces of intricate contour are encountered.
- a hammered surface such as is often the case of ornamental trim, hardware, and objects of art including bowls and urns
- Other surfaces of intricate contour such as those encountered on stainless steel grilles, trays. and the like.
- fabricated by the welding of wire, strip or other converted forms also are polished successfully.
- the polished surfaces achieved are free of pits or blemishes and the welded portions likewise are free of burns. thus resisting corrosion and maintaining their attractiveness over a long period of time.
- the electrolytic polishing process which I provide is, moreover, rapid and economical of performance and is quite adaptable to continuous or mass production of polished stainless steel products of outstanding quality.
- the equipment needed is cheap and readily available, requires little space for installation, and after installation is easily. operated and maintained.
- the art which comprises, immersing two stainless steel products to be polished in a bath con- .taining by volume 80' to 4 0" concentrated nitric acid and the remainder concentrated acetic acid, and passing only alternating current through said bath and between said products at a current density of at least it amperes per square inch of surface of each product while maintaining the bath temperature below 25' C.
Description
June I, 1948. A. L. FEILD 2,442,591
ELECTROLYTIC POLISHING OF STAINLESS STEEL Filed Sept. 30, 1942 INVENTOR. ALEXANDER L FEE/1.0,
m5 ,4 TTRNE) atcnted June 1, 1948 ELECTROLYTIC POLISHING OF STAINLESS STEEL Alexander L. Feild, Baltimore, Md., assignor, by
mesne assignments, to The American Rolling Mill Company, Mlddletown, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application September 30, 1942, Serial No. 460,296
REISSUED- JAN 4 194 Claims. (Cl- 204-140) My invention relates to stainless steel and more especially to a process and apparatus for electrolytically polishing the same.
An object of my invention is the provision of a simple, direct and thoroughly reliable process of electrolytically polishing stainless steel, using an alternating electrolyzing current and low current densities.
Another object of my invention is the provision of apparatus for electrolytically polishing stainless steel, which apparatus includes a compact assembly of equipment, which is installed and operated with a minimum of technical advice and skill, which is successfully energized from orinary alternating current service lines, and which in operation is thoroughly efiicient and reliable in achieving highly polished stainless steel products.
Other objects in part will be obvious and in part will be pointed out hereinafter.
The invention accordingly consists in the combination of features and arrangements of parts and in the combination of steps and the relation of each of the same to one or more of the others as described herein, the scope of the application of which is indicated in the following claims.
In the accompanying drawing there is illustrated schematically an electrolytic polishing system for carrying out the practice of my invention.
As conducive to a clearer understanding of certain features of my invention, it may be noted at this point that stainless steel is defined as lowcarbon steel comprising 10% to 35% or more chromium, with or without nickel, and with or without supplemental additions of manganese, silicon, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, columbium, titanium, sulphur, and the like, for special purposes, and a balance substantially of iron.
It may be noted further that stainless steel is characterized in unpolished condition by a dull, grayish appearance. With proper polishing treatment, however, such steel is finished to possess a brilliant, mirror-like surface. There are, for example certain prior art methods of polishing stainless steel which involve mechanical polishing steps, such as abrading, bufilng, and the like. These methods, however, aside from being tedious and time-consuming, require skilled labor and frequent replacement of polishing equipment. They do not give uniformly polished products and are especially unsatisfactory where peculiar or intricate metal surface contours are encountered.
More recently, processes of finishing stainless steel surfaces have been developed which involve electrolytic polishing. As compared with the still widely used grinding, buffing and like mechanical polishing methods, the electrolytic polishing methods are far more simple, and more rapid and economical of performance. Electrolytically polished products, moreover, possess greater brilliance and improved beauty, there being a greater evenness and uniformity of finish.
The art of electrolytic polishing, on the other hand, being relatively new in the stainless steel industries, still presents a number of difliculties. In this connection, it has been common practice in the heretofore known electrolytic polishing processes to employ direct current electrical energy which, where only alternating current is readily available, represents a problem. It'becomes necessary to install expensive batteries or a motor-generator set to supply direct current in the polishing system and thus, in effect, the unit cost of polished steel produced is increased. Again, certain of these heretofore known processes frequently yield products which, because'of being etched, or discolored, are unsuitable for their originally intended use. Other such processes are not adapted for rapid, large scale production of polished stainless steel products and thus possess no great industrial utility.
An outstanding object of my invention, accordingly, is the provision of an economical, industrially practical process of electrolytically polishing stainless steel wherein the work is evenly polished in an electrolyte solution by means of alternating electric current, which process is rapid of performance, and which gives highly polished products free of discoloration and free of etched or pitted areas.
Referring now more particularly to the practice of my invention, I electrolytically polish articles or products fashioned of stainless steel in the form of sheet, strip, plate, wire, bars, rods, rounds, and the like, using the article or product as one or more alternating current electrodes of an electrolytic bath. The bath itself consists of concentrated nitric acid, with or without a substantial amount of concentrated acetic acid.
As illustrative of the practice of my invention, attention being directed to the drawing, I provide in a suitable container 9, such as an open tank having a lead or other acid-resistant lining, an electrolyte solution to containing, by volume, for example, 80% to 40% concentrated nitric acid and 20% to concentrated acetic acid. Within the volume ranges specified, I prefer most especially to employ an acid solution containing approximately concentrated nitric acid and 3 about 30% concentrated acetic acid. Although the presence of concentrated acetic acid in the bath is preferred, the acetic acid'serving as a buifer, it is within the scope of my invention to use concentrated nitric acid alone. In so doing, I employ by volume of electrolyte about 80% or more concentrated nitric acid and a balance principally of water.
Alternating current electrical energy conveniently is supplied to the bath by way of a stepdown transformer l2 connected across a suitable source of alternating current supply I I. Opposite ends of the transformer secondary winding l2a are connected respectively with suitably spaced immersed electrodes I3 and ll of the bath, as by conductors Ho and Ila. The electrode i3 is, for example, a plate of lead or the lining of tank 9, while the electrode is comprises a stainless steel work piece to be polished.
Upon ,energization of the transformer, alternating current courses through the concentrated acid electrolyte between the immersed electrodes and polishing of the stainless steel work begins promptly and proceeds rapidly. The polishing operation preferably is performed using a low current density ranging approximately from to 4 amperes per square inch of exposed surface. Such density, however, may be increased, depending on'other working conditions up to 12 or more amperes per square inch.
During the polishing operation a considerable amount of heat develops in the electrolytic bath. There is a tendency for the temperature of the bath to increase. This tendency is counteracted by providing suitable cooling means in or adjacent the electrolyte, such as a refrigerator coil generally indicated at IE; or by stirring the electrolyte. Usually I maintain an electrolyte temperature which ranges from -l2 C. to +15 C., for it is within this range that I achieve best polishing results and, at the same time incidentally avoid excessive evaporation of the electrolyte. I find, where solution temperatures extend upwardly of approximately 25 C., the immersed stainless steel work is exposed objectionably to attack and is etched or pitted and, thus, such bath temperatures are to be avoided. The temperature range, therefore, is in every sense critical to the successful operation of my process.
A satisfactory polish ordinarily requires about three minutes time. The work then is withdrawn from the bath and disconnected from the source of supply. It then is rinsed thoroughly in clean water after which it is ready for use or sale. It possesses a mirror-like surface which is evenly polished and highly attractive.
In my process the actual polishing of the stainless steel is done on the positive half-cycle of the alternating current. The opposite or negative half-cycle of current surprisingly does not destroy the polish. By virtue of this phenomenon the stainless steel work itself may represent either electrode of my polishing system, and be polished with equally as good results. In fact both electrodes may at the same time be represented by individual stainless steel work pieces. Polishing of the work then is successfully achieved in a thoroughly eildcient and practical manner at both electrodes.
My electrolyte polishing process is' successfully practiced on stainless steel articles and products of widely differing quality and consistently gives uniformly polished stainless steel surfaces even where surfaces of intricate contour are encountered. Where the metal under treatment pos- 4 sesses a hammered surface, such as is often the case of ornamental trim, hardware, and objects of art including bowls and urns, an even lusterous polish nevertheless is obtained. Other surfaces of intricate contour such as those encountered on stainless steel grilles, trays. and the like. fabricated by the welding of wire, strip or other converted forms, also are polished successfully. The polished surfaces achieved are free of pits or blemishes and the welded portions likewise are free of burns. thus resisting corrosion and maintaining their attractiveness over a long period of time.
The electrolytic polishing process which I provide is, moreover, rapid and economical of performance and is quite adaptable to continuous or mass production of polished stainless steel products of outstanding quality. The equipment needed is cheap and readily available, requires little space for installation, and after installation is easily. operated and maintained.
Thus, it will be seen that there is provided in this invention a process of electrolytically polishing stainless steel in which the various objects hereinbefore noted together with many thoroughly practical advantages are successfully achieved. It will be noted that the process gives in a simple and economical manner, evenly polished stainless steel products which are free of pits and other surface flaws, and which possess outstanding lusterous beauty. It will be noted further that the process is performed efficiently and reliably through the use of apparatus energized by the readily available alternating electric current.
As many possible embodiments may be made of my invention and as many changes may be made in the embodiments hereinbefore set forth, it is to be understood that all matter described herein or shown in the accompanying drawing is to be interpreted as illustrative and not as a limitation.
I claim:
1. In the polishing of a stainless steel product, the art which comprises, immersing the product to be polished in a bath containing by volume to 40% of concentrated. nitric acid and the remainder concentrated acetic acid, and while maintaining the bath at a temperature below 25 C. passing only alternating current through said 'bath between the product and a cooperating electrode immersed therein, the current density being at least amperes per square inch of product surface.
2. In the polishing of a stainless steel product. the art which comprises, immersing the product to be polished in a bath consisting by volume of 80% to 40% concentrated nitric acid and 20% to 60% concentrated acetic acid, mantaining the bath at a temperature of l2 C. to +15 0., and passing only alternating current through said bath between the product and a cooperating electrode immersed therein, the current having a density of at least /2 amperes per square inch oi product surface.
3. In the polishing of a stainless steel product, the art which comprises, immersing the product to be polished in a bath consisting by .volume of 80% to 40% concentrated nitric acid and 20% to 60% concentrated acetic acid, and passing only alternating current through said bath between the product and a cooperating electrode immersed therein while maintaining a current density of to 12 amperes per square inch of product surface and the bath temperature below 25' C.
2,44s,sor
4. In the polishing of a stainless steel product, the art which comprises, immersing the product to be polished in a bath containing by volume about 70% concentrated of nitric acid and approximately 30% concentrated acetic acid, pass- 5 ing only alternating current through said bath between the product and a cooperating electrode immersed therein, the current density bein maintained at about V to 12 amperes per square inch of product surface, and maintaining the bath temperature at -12 C. to +15 C.
, 5. In the polishing of stainless steel products, the art which comprises, immersing two stainless steel products to be polished in a bath con- .taining by volume 80' to 4 0" concentrated nitric acid and the remainder concentrated acetic acid, and passing only alternating current through said bath and between said products at a current density of at least it amperes per square inch of surface of each product while maintaining the bath temperature below 25' C.
ALEXANDER L. FEILD.
REFERENCES CITED 7 The following references are of record in the die of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,772,541 Gage Aug. 12, 1930 1,787,672 Davenport Jan. 6, 1931 2,040,618 Mason et al May 12, 1988 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 10 372,802 Italy July 10, 1939 485,089 Great Britain May 13, 1938 521,290 Great Britain May 17, 1940 707,526 France Apr. 14, 1931 OTHER REFERENCES
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US460296A US2442591A (en) | 1942-09-30 | 1942-09-30 | Electrolytic polishing of stainless steel |
US635451A US2442592A (en) | 1942-09-30 | 1945-12-17 | Electrolytic polishing of stainless steel |
GB4599/48A GB651077A (en) | 1942-09-30 | 1948-02-17 | Electrolytic polishing of stainless steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US460296A US2442591A (en) | 1942-09-30 | 1942-09-30 | Electrolytic polishing of stainless steel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2442591A true US2442591A (en) | 1948-06-01 |
Family
ID=23828126
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US460296A Expired - Lifetime US2442591A (en) | 1942-09-30 | 1942-09-30 | Electrolytic polishing of stainless steel |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2747399A1 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | ELECTROLYTE FOR ELECTROPOLISHING, PROCESS FOR ELECTROPOLISHING A STAINLESS STEEL OR A NICKEL ALLOY USING THIS ELECTROLYTE, AND ITS APPLICATION TO DECONTAMINATION |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1772541A (en) * | 1927-07-13 | 1930-08-12 | Radio Patents Corp | High-current filter |
US1787672A (en) * | 1928-06-04 | 1931-01-06 | Westinghouse Lamp Co | Method of treating thorium |
FR707526A (en) * | 1930-03-14 | 1931-07-09 | Materiel Telephonique | Improvements in electrolytic treatment of metals |
US2040618A (en) * | 1934-02-10 | 1936-05-12 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method of producing bright surfaces on aluminum |
GB485089A (en) * | 1935-10-14 | 1938-05-13 | Harold Martin Lang | Improvements in electrolytic metal treatment |
GB521290A (en) * | 1937-11-15 | 1940-05-17 | Alais & Froges & Camarque Cie | Process for the treatment of surfaces consisting of aluminium or aluminium alloys |
-
1942
- 1942-09-30 US US460296A patent/US2442591A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1772541A (en) * | 1927-07-13 | 1930-08-12 | Radio Patents Corp | High-current filter |
US1787672A (en) * | 1928-06-04 | 1931-01-06 | Westinghouse Lamp Co | Method of treating thorium |
FR707526A (en) * | 1930-03-14 | 1931-07-09 | Materiel Telephonique | Improvements in electrolytic treatment of metals |
US2040618A (en) * | 1934-02-10 | 1936-05-12 | Aluminum Co Of America | Method of producing bright surfaces on aluminum |
GB485089A (en) * | 1935-10-14 | 1938-05-13 | Harold Martin Lang | Improvements in electrolytic metal treatment |
GB521290A (en) * | 1937-11-15 | 1940-05-17 | Alais & Froges & Camarque Cie | Process for the treatment of surfaces consisting of aluminium or aluminium alloys |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2747399A1 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-17 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | ELECTROLYTE FOR ELECTROPOLISHING, PROCESS FOR ELECTROPOLISHING A STAINLESS STEEL OR A NICKEL ALLOY USING THIS ELECTROLYTE, AND ITS APPLICATION TO DECONTAMINATION |
WO1997039168A1 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1997-10-23 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Elctrolyte for electropolishing, method of electropolishing a stainless steel or a nickel alloy utilizing the said electrolyte, and its application to decontamination |
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