US2440930A - Cooling system - Google Patents
Cooling system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2440930A US2440930A US586170A US58617045A US2440930A US 2440930 A US2440930 A US 2440930A US 586170 A US586170 A US 586170A US 58617045 A US58617045 A US 58617045A US 2440930 A US2440930 A US 2440930A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- dielectric
- dielectric liquid
- temperature
- refrigerating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
- H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
- H01F27/12—Oil cooling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
- Y10S62/21—Evaporators where refrigerant covers heat exchange coil
Definitions
- This invention relates to cooling systems and more particularly to improvements in cooling systems for encased liquid insulated stationary electromagnetic induction apparatus.
- Typical examples of such apparatus are power transformers and not infrequently such power transformers must be placed in locations where space is at a premium. Examples of such locations are locomotives and congested industrial load center areas. It is customary to cool such transformers by means of a radiator or radiators mounted outside the tank and through which the dielectric liquid circulates. In this manner the dielectric liquid also acts as a coolin medium. Obviously, the size of the power transformer can be reduced by reducing the area of the radiator or heat exchanger, but if this is done, the tennperature' of the cooling liquid must increase in order to dissipate the same amount of heat which is generated in the transformer. Unfortunately, the most satisfactorily known dielectric liquids, such as mineral oils and askarels, do not have a high stable temperature so that heretofore there has been a definite limit on the minimum size of the cooling radiator.
- a second liquid is employed for performing the refrigerating function so that the dielectric liquid will perform essentially only its prime function of acting as an insulator.
- the refrigerating liquid is preferably introduced directly into the dielectric liquid in what may be characterized as a spray.
- This produces turbulence in the dielectric liquid which not only facilitates the cooling of the dielectric liquid but at the same time prevents it from congealing or even freezing solid. This is important, for if the viscosity of the dielectric liquid increases materially, its circulation. decreases so that heat will not be drawn away from the heat evolving electrical apparatus as rapidly as necessary and injurious hot spot temperatures will result.
- An object of the invention is to provide a new and improved cooling system.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved cooling system for liquid insulated encased electrical apparatus.
- a further object of the invention is to reduce materially the size of the external cooling area of a power transformer.
- Fig. l is a front elevation of a power transformer embodying the invention and Pig. 2 is an enlarged cut -away side elevation of the transformer shown in Fig. 1.
- a power transformer having a tank l and having an exterior cooling unit 2.
- the cooihig unit 2 consists principally of a radiator or heat exchanger 3 and a housing t for auxiliary apparatus. it will he noted that the size of the radiator 3 in comparison with the size of the l is very much smaller thanin conventional transformers.
- the tank l contains the core 5 and the coils 8 of a transformer. i'hese parts are completely immersed in any suitable dielectric liquid l which part ally fills the tank up to the level 13.
- suitable dielectric liquids are mineral oil and aslsarel.
- a refrigerating liquid Mixed with the dielectric liquid 2' is a refrigerating liquid, of any suitable type, such as dichlcromonofluoromethane (Cli f/1215 which has a lower boiling point than that of the dielectric liquid l and which boiling point is, in fact, lower than the normal operating temperature of the dielectrio liquid i so that the refrigerating liquid vaporizes into vapor hubhles within the dielectric liquid 1 and which bubbles rise to the top of the dielectric liquid.
- This refrigerating liquid is also stable at very much higher temperatures than the dielectric liquid so that its vapor can be compressed to relatively high pressures and term peratures and then recondensed into a liquid without changing its chemical properties.
- the vaporization of the refrigerating liquid isothermally removes heat from the dielectric liquid 1.
- Heat is removed from the vaporized refrigerating liquid by drawing it out of the space above the dielectric liquid level 8 through a conduit 10 by means of a compressor I I.
- This compressor may be driven in any suitable manner, such as by an electric motor H. The compressor raises the pressure and consequently the temperature of the refrigerant gas to relatively high values;
- the temperature can be raised to 200 degrees Centigrade above the temperature of the surrounding air.
- This high temperature gas is then discharged through a conduit l3 into the radiator 3.
- motor-driven fans M are provided for forcing air through the radiator 3 so as to increase" the'heat dissipating capacity of the radiator.
- the refrigerant is isothermally condensed at high temperature into a liquid in the radiator 3 and it then fiows under pressure through a conduit it into the tank I near the bottom where it emerges through nozzles I 8' in the form of the sprays indicated schematically at H.
- An expansion device which, for example, may be in the form of a regulating valve I5 controls this flow.
- the temperature of the vaporizing liquid sprays I! is very much lower than the temperature of the dielectric liquid 1 but the sprays cause turbulence in the dielectric liquid 'l and thus not only increase the effective contact area between the two liquids and thus increase the heat exchange between them and the vaporization of the refri erating liquid but this turbulence also effectively prevents congealing or freezing of the dielectric liquid.
- barriers or bailles I8 are provided for preventing the gas bubbles 9 from coming in contact with the transformer core and coils and, as shown, these have openings i9 near the bottom and they do not extend to the top of the dielectric liquid, with the result that there is a circulatory motion of the dielectric liquid, as shown by the arrows.
- the cooled dielectric liquid between the barriers and the walls of the tank 9 increases in density and descends, thus displacing I the warmer dielectric liquid at the bottom which flows through the openings l9 between the barrier and upward between the barrier and core and coils, and this circulation further improves the heat conduction away from the core and coils.
- the system may be automatically controlled in any suitable manner, such as by means of a thermal relay 20 having a temperature responsive control bulb 2
- the thermal relay can be set to start the compressor motor l2 and the motors for the fans I4 whenever the temperature of the dielectric liquid reaches a predetermined maxi mum value and this relay will then shut oil. these units when the temperature is reduced sufliciently below this value.
- a cooling system for an enclosed space comprising, a'first liquid partially filling said space, said first liquid having a relatively high boiling point and a relatively low maximum stable tempansion .device for discharging condensate of said second liquid directl into said first liquid.
- a cooling system for an enclosed space comprising, a first liquid partially filling said space, said first liquid having a relatively high boiling point and a relatively low maximum stable temperature, a second liquid mixed with said first liquid, said second liquid having a relatively low boiling point, and a relatively high maximum stable temperature, the normal operating temperature of said first liquid being above the boiling point of said second liquid a condenser outside said space, a compressor for drawing vapor of the second liquid out of the space above the level of the first liquid and discharging it at substantially increased pressure and temperature pressor so as automatically to maintain the ternperature of said first liquid below a predetermined value.
- a cooling system for electrical apparatus comprising, a casing, heat evolving electrical apparatus within said casing, a dielectric liquid partially filling said casing and surrounding said apparatus, a refrigerating liquid mixed with said dielectric liquid, the normal operating temperature of said dielectric liquid being above the boiling point of said refrigerating liquid, a condenser outside of said casing, a compressor for drawing vapor of the refrigerating liquid out of the space above the level of the dielectric liquid and discharging it at substantially increased temperature and pressure into said condenser, and means including an expansion device for discharging condensate of said refrigerating liquid directly into said dielectric liquid.
- a cooling system for electrical apparatus comprising, a casing, heat evolving electrical apparatus within said casing, a dielectric liquid partially filling said casing and surrounding said apparatus, a refrigerating liquid mixed with said dielectric liquid, the normal operating temperature of said dielectric liquid being above the boiling point of'said refrigerating liquid.
- a condenser outside of said casing a compressor for drawing vapor of the refrigerating liquid out of the space above the level of the dielectric liquid and discharging it at substantially increased temperacoming into contact with said electrical apparatus.
- a small area cooling system for stationary electromagnetic induction apparatus comprising,
- a dielectric liquid immersed encased transformer a radiator outside the transformer casing, said radiator having insuflicient area for dissipating the heat of said transformer if said dielectric liquid is circulated therethrough at any stable temperature thereof, means for cooling said transformer comprising a refrigerating liquid in heat exchanging relation with said dielectric liq- .uid, a compressor for forcing vapor or said re- REFERENCES CITED
- the following references are of record in the file of this patent:
Description
y 4, 1948- G. CAMILLI ET! AL 2,440,930
COOLING SYSTEM Filed April 2, 1945 cmcccccac'cccaco llllll d wniiiill Iiii Inventors; Guglielmo Camilli, Harry E Miller; y flit/W76? Their Atborh evL Patented May 4,1948
COOLING SYSTEM Guglielmo Camllll and Harry 1'. Miller, Pittsfleld, Masa, assignors to General Electric Company, a New York corporation Application April 2, 1945, Serial No. 588,170
6 Claims. (Cl. 62-115) This invention relates to cooling systems and more particularly to improvements in cooling systems for encased liquid insulated stationary electromagnetic induction apparatus.
Typical examples of such apparatus are power transformers and not infrequently such power transformers must be placed in locations where space is at a premium. Examples of such locations are locomotives and congested industrial load center areas. It is customary to cool such transformers by means of a radiator or radiators mounted outside the tank and through which the dielectric liquid circulates. In this manner the dielectric liquid also acts as a coolin medium. Obviously, the size of the power transformer can be reduced by reducing the area of the radiator or heat exchanger, but if this is done, the tennperature' of the cooling liquid must increase in order to dissipate the same amount of heat which is generated in the transformer. Unfortunately, the most satisfactorily known dielectric liquids, such as mineral oils and askarels, do not have a high stable temperature so that heretofore there has been a definite limit on the minimum size of the cooling radiator.
In accordance with this invention a second liquid is employed for performing the refrigerating function so that the dielectric liquid will perform essentially only its prime function of acting as an insulator. By making the refrigerating liquid one which is stable at relatively high temperatures and which has a lower boiling point than the dielectric liquid it is possible by means of mechanical refrigeration cycle to operate the radiator at greatly increased temperature rises above that of the ambient, which normally is air, and in this manner the same amount of heat can be dissipated in a much smaller radiator. It will be noted, however, that this high temperature is outside the transformer tank and therefore does not reduce the life of the transformer.
Another feature of the invention is that the refrigerating liquid is preferably introduced directly into the dielectric liquid in what may be characterized as a spray. This produces turbulence in the dielectric liquid which not only facilitates the cooling of the dielectric liquid but at the same time prevents it from congealing or even freezing solid. This is important, for if the viscosity of the dielectric liquid increases materially, its circulation. decreases so that heat will not be drawn away from the heat evolving electrical apparatus as rapidly as necessary and injurious hot spot temperatures will result.
An object of the invention is to provide a new and improved cooling system.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved cooling system for liquid insulated encased electrical apparatus.
A further object of the invention is to reduce materially the size of the external cooling area of a power transformer.
The invention will be better understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.
In the drawing Fig. l is a front elevation of a power transformer embodying the invention and Pig. 2 is an enlarged cut -away side elevation of the transformer shown in Fig. 1.
Referring now to the drawing and more particularly to Fig. 1, there is shown therein a power transformer having a tank l and having an exterior cooling unit 2. The cooihig unit 2 consists principally of a radiator or heat exchanger 3 and a housing t for auxiliary apparatus. it will he noted that the size of the radiator 3 in comparison with the size of the l is very much smaller thanin conventional transformers.
Referring now to Fig, 2, the tank l contains the core 5 and the coils 8 of a transformer. i'hese parts are completely immersed in any suitable dielectric liquid l which part ally fills the tank up to the level 13. Examples of suitable dielectric liquids are mineral oil and aslsarel.
Mixed with the dielectric liquid 2' is a refrigerating liquid, of any suitable type, such as dichlcromonofluoromethane (Cli f/1215 which has a lower boiling point than that of the dielectric liquid l and which boiling point is, in fact, lower than the normal operating temperature of the dielectrio liquid i so that the refrigerating liquid vaporizes into vapor hubhles within the dielectric liquid 1 and which bubbles rise to the top of the dielectric liquid. This refrigerating liquid is also stable at very much higher temperatures than the dielectric liquid so that its vapor can be compressed to relatively high pressures and term peratures and then recondensed into a liquid without changing its chemical properties. The vaporization of the refrigerating liquid, of course, isothermally removes heat from the dielectric liquid 1.
Heat is removed from the vaporized refrigerating liquid by drawing it out of the space above the dielectric liquid level 8 through a conduit 10 by means of a compressor I I. This compressor may be driven in any suitable manner, such as by an electric motor H. The compressor raises the pressure and consequently the temperature of the refrigerant gas to relatively high values;
for example, the temperature can be raised to 200 degrees Centigrade above the temperature of the surrounding air. This high temperature gas is then discharged through a conduit l3 into the radiator 3. Preferably, motor-driven fans M are provided for forcing air through the radiator 3 so as to increase" the'heat dissipating capacity of the radiator. By reason of the high temperature of the refrigerant gas which enters the radiator 3 a relatively large amount of heat can be dissipated by a radiator of relatively small size for it is well known that the amount of heat exchanged in a radiator is a function of the temperature rise of the fluid to be cooled over the ambient temperature. The refrigerant is isothermally condensed at high temperature into a liquid in the radiator 3 and it then fiows under pressure through a conduit it into the tank I near the bottom where it emerges through nozzles I 8' in the form of the sprays indicated schematically at H. An expansion device which, for example, may be in the form of a regulating valve I5 controls this flow.
The temperature of the vaporizing liquid sprays I! is very much lower than the temperature of the dielectric liquid 1 but the sprays cause turbulence in the dielectric liquid 'l and thus not only increase the effective contact area between the two liquids and thus increase the heat exchange between them and the vaporization of the refri erating liquid but this turbulence also effectively prevents congealing or freezing of the dielectric liquid.
For preventing the gas bubbles 9 from coming in contact with the transformer core and coils suitable barriers or bailles I8 are provided and, as shown, these have openings i9 near the bottom and they do not extend to the top of the dielectric liquid, with the result that there is a circulatory motion of the dielectric liquid, as shown by the arrows. Thus, the cooled dielectric liquid between the barriers and the walls of the tank 9 increases in density and descends, thus displacing I the warmer dielectric liquid at the bottom which flows through the openings l9 between the barrier and upward between the barrier and core and coils, and this circulation further improves the heat conduction away from the core and coils.
The system may be automatically controlled in any suitable manner, such as by means of a thermal relay 20 having a temperature responsive control bulb 2| which is immersed in the top dielectric liquid. The thermal relay can be set to start the compressor motor l2 and the motors for the fans I4 whenever the temperature of the dielectric liquid reaches a predetermined maxi mum value and this relay will then shut oil. these units when the temperature is reduced sufliciently below this value.
While there has been shown and described a particular embodiment of this invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the invention and, therefore, it is aimedin the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentof the United States is:
l. A cooling system for an enclosed space comprising, a'first liquid partially filling said space, said first liquid having a relatively high boiling point and a relatively low maximum stable tempansion .device for discharging condensate of said second liquid directl into said first liquid.
2. A cooling system for an enclosed space comprising, a first liquid partially filling said space, said first liquid having a relatively high boiling point and a relatively low maximum stable temperature, a second liquid mixed with said first liquid, said second liquid having a relatively low boiling point, and a relatively high maximum stable temperature, the normal operating temperature of said first liquid being above the boiling point of said second liquid a condenser outside said space, a compressor for drawing vapor of the second liquid out of the space above the level of the first liquid and discharging it at substantially increased pressure and temperature pressor so as automatically to maintain the ternperature of said first liquid below a predetermined value.
3. A cooling system for electrical apparatus comprising, a casing, heat evolving electrical apparatus within said casing, a dielectric liquid partially filling said casing and surrounding said apparatus, a refrigerating liquid mixed with said dielectric liquid, the normal operating temperature of said dielectric liquid being above the boiling point of said refrigerating liquid, a condenser outside of said casing, a compressor for drawing vapor of the refrigerating liquid out of the space above the level of the dielectric liquid and discharging it at substantially increased temperature and pressure into said condenser, and means including an expansion device for discharging condensate of said refrigerating liquid directly into said dielectric liquid. I
4. A cooling system for electrical apparatus comprising, a casing, heat evolving electrical apparatus within said casing, a dielectric liquid partially filling said casing and surrounding said apparatus, a refrigerating liquid mixed with said dielectric liquid, the normal operating temperature of said dielectric liquid being above the boiling point of'said refrigerating liquid. a condenser outside of said casing, a compressor for drawing vapor of the refrigerating liquid out of the space above the level of the dielectric liquid and discharging it at substantially increased temperacoming into contact with said electrical apparatus.
5. A small area cooling system for stationary electromagnetic induction apparatus comprising,
a tank, stationary electromagnetic induction apparatus inside said tank, a dielectric liquid partially filling said tank and surrounding said electromagnetic induction apparatus, said dielectric 5 liquid having'a relatively high boiling point and a relatively low stable temperature, a refrigerat ing liquid mixed with said dielectric liquid, said refrigerating liquid having a relatively low boiling point and a relatively high stable temperature, the normal operating temperature of said dielectric liquid being above the boiling point of said refrigerating liquid, a relatively small area condenser outside of said tank, a compressor for drawing liquid out of said tank above the level of the dielectric liquid and discharging it at sub stantially increased pressure and temperature into said condenser, and means including an expansion device for discharging condensate of said refrigerating liquid directly into said dielectric liquid.
6. A dielectric liquid immersed encased transformer, a radiator outside the transformer casing, said radiator having insuflicient area for dissipating the heat of said transformer if said dielectric liquid is circulated therethrough at any stable temperature thereof, means for cooling said transformer comprising a refrigerating liquid in heat exchanging relation with said dielectric liq- .uid, a compressor for forcing vapor or said re- REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 146,620 Twining Jan. 20, 1874 513,421 Rowland Jan. 23, 1894 1,669,918 Streeter May 15, 1928 Gay Feb. 5, 1929
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US586170A US2440930A (en) | 1945-04-02 | 1945-04-02 | Cooling system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US586170A US2440930A (en) | 1945-04-02 | 1945-04-02 | Cooling system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2440930A true US2440930A (en) | 1948-05-04 |
Family
ID=24344592
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US586170A Expired - Lifetime US2440930A (en) | 1945-04-02 | 1945-04-02 | Cooling system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2440930A (en) |
Cited By (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2643282A (en) * | 1949-04-13 | 1953-06-23 | Albert D Greene | Electronic equipment cooling means |
| US2717319A (en) * | 1954-05-27 | 1955-09-06 | Gen Electric | Method and apparatus for cooling transducers |
| US2761101A (en) * | 1951-12-13 | 1956-08-28 | Gen Electric | Thermal protection for natural and forced draft dry-type transformers |
| US2774807A (en) * | 1953-02-19 | 1956-12-18 | Gen Electric | Vaporization-forced liquid cooled transformer |
| US2787889A (en) * | 1955-08-15 | 1957-04-09 | Boeing Co | Aircraft compartment cooling mechanism |
| DE1089879B (en) * | 1953-05-20 | 1960-09-29 | Licentia Gmbh | Transformer or reactor with liquid cooling and heat dissipation through a heat pump |
| US2964916A (en) * | 1957-10-14 | 1960-12-20 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Production of inert atmospheres in storage vessels, fuel tanks and the like |
| US2966039A (en) * | 1958-09-02 | 1960-12-27 | Chemetron Corp | Carbon dioxide discharge device |
| US2985432A (en) * | 1956-09-27 | 1961-05-23 | Cabot Corp | Hydraulic pumping apparatus |
| US3242689A (en) * | 1964-03-13 | 1966-03-29 | Worthington Corp | Cooling system and apparatus |
| US3257818A (en) * | 1964-07-28 | 1966-06-28 | Carrier Corp | Cooling system |
| US3257817A (en) * | 1964-07-28 | 1966-06-28 | Carrier Corp | Refrigeration apparatus and method |
| US3264836A (en) * | 1964-03-04 | 1966-08-09 | Chemetron Corp | Refrigeration system and method |
| US3283530A (en) * | 1965-09-13 | 1966-11-08 | Schlitz Brewing Co J | Beverage dispensing and cooling apparatus |
| US3306063A (en) * | 1962-10-03 | 1967-02-28 | American Radiator & Standard | Method of evaporating liquid refrigerant in a semi-flooded type evaporator |
| US3464219A (en) * | 1968-04-17 | 1969-09-02 | Sun Oil Co | Storage of normally gaseous material in subterranean caverns |
| US3626080A (en) * | 1969-12-10 | 1971-12-07 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Means for circulating liquid coolants |
| US4078392A (en) * | 1976-12-29 | 1978-03-14 | Borg-Warner Corporation | Direct contact heat transfer system using magnetic fluids |
| US4094164A (en) * | 1976-02-18 | 1978-06-13 | H & T Enterprises, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing the temperature of a fluid |
| US4467305A (en) * | 1981-10-12 | 1984-08-21 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Gas/vapor cooled electromagnetic induction machine |
| WO1988004488A1 (en) * | 1986-12-12 | 1988-06-16 | Qualitrol Corporation | Multi-phase electronic temperature controller |
| EP0355519A2 (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1990-02-28 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method of and device for cooling a container filled with a liquid substance |
| US4914921A (en) * | 1988-08-16 | 1990-04-10 | Cbi Research Corporation | Refrigeration method and apparatus using aqueous liquid sealed compressor |
| US5131233A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1992-07-21 | Cray Computer Corporation | Gas-liquid forced turbulence cooling |
| WO1997030498A1 (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1997-08-21 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Internal transformer chimney |
| US5736915A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1998-04-07 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Hermetically sealed, non-venting electrical apparatus with dielectric fluid having defined chemical composition |
| US5766517A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1998-06-16 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Dielectric fluid for use in power distribution equipment |
| US6037537A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2000-03-14 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Vegetable oil based dielectric coolant |
| US6234343B1 (en) | 1999-03-26 | 2001-05-22 | Papp Enterprises, Llc | Automated portable medication radial dispensing apparatus and method |
| US6352655B1 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2002-03-05 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Vegetable oil based dielectric fluid |
| US6398986B1 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2002-06-04 | Cooper Industries, Inc | Food grade vegetable oil based dielectric fluid and methods of using same |
| US20050237222A1 (en) * | 2004-04-24 | 2005-10-27 | Bogash Robert C | Universal medication carrier |
| US20070153480A1 (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2007-07-05 | Honeywell International Inc. | Multi-fluid coolant system |
| US20070268669A1 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-22 | Hardcore Computer, Inc. | Circuit board assembly for a liquid submersion cooled electronic device |
| US20080110786A1 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-15 | Bossi Christopher E | Blister card carrier |
| US8461953B1 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2013-06-11 | Marvin W. Ward | System, method and apparatus for transformer cooling |
| US20170271069A1 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2017-09-21 | General Electric Company | Rupture resistant system |
| US20180317346A1 (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2018-11-01 | Green Revolution Cooling, Inc. | Liquid submerged, horizontal computer server rack and systems and method of cooling such a server rack |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US146620A (en) * | 1874-01-20 | Improvement in the methods of freezing and coqlinxj | ||
| US513421A (en) * | 1894-01-23 | Method of cooling transformers | ||
| US1669918A (en) * | 1924-08-21 | 1928-05-15 | Streeter Howard | Evaporating unit for refrigerating systems |
| US1700839A (en) * | 1926-06-18 | 1929-02-05 | Frazer W Gay | Heat-transfer system for electric transformers or other devices |
-
1945
- 1945-04-02 US US586170A patent/US2440930A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US146620A (en) * | 1874-01-20 | Improvement in the methods of freezing and coqlinxj | ||
| US513421A (en) * | 1894-01-23 | Method of cooling transformers | ||
| US1669918A (en) * | 1924-08-21 | 1928-05-15 | Streeter Howard | Evaporating unit for refrigerating systems |
| US1700839A (en) * | 1926-06-18 | 1929-02-05 | Frazer W Gay | Heat-transfer system for electric transformers or other devices |
Cited By (57)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2643282A (en) * | 1949-04-13 | 1953-06-23 | Albert D Greene | Electronic equipment cooling means |
| US2761101A (en) * | 1951-12-13 | 1956-08-28 | Gen Electric | Thermal protection for natural and forced draft dry-type transformers |
| US2774807A (en) * | 1953-02-19 | 1956-12-18 | Gen Electric | Vaporization-forced liquid cooled transformer |
| DE1089879B (en) * | 1953-05-20 | 1960-09-29 | Licentia Gmbh | Transformer or reactor with liquid cooling and heat dissipation through a heat pump |
| US2717319A (en) * | 1954-05-27 | 1955-09-06 | Gen Electric | Method and apparatus for cooling transducers |
| US2787889A (en) * | 1955-08-15 | 1957-04-09 | Boeing Co | Aircraft compartment cooling mechanism |
| US2985432A (en) * | 1956-09-27 | 1961-05-23 | Cabot Corp | Hydraulic pumping apparatus |
| US2964916A (en) * | 1957-10-14 | 1960-12-20 | British Oxygen Co Ltd | Production of inert atmospheres in storage vessels, fuel tanks and the like |
| US2966039A (en) * | 1958-09-02 | 1960-12-27 | Chemetron Corp | Carbon dioxide discharge device |
| US3306063A (en) * | 1962-10-03 | 1967-02-28 | American Radiator & Standard | Method of evaporating liquid refrigerant in a semi-flooded type evaporator |
| US3264836A (en) * | 1964-03-04 | 1966-08-09 | Chemetron Corp | Refrigeration system and method |
| US3242689A (en) * | 1964-03-13 | 1966-03-29 | Worthington Corp | Cooling system and apparatus |
| US3257817A (en) * | 1964-07-28 | 1966-06-28 | Carrier Corp | Refrigeration apparatus and method |
| US3257818A (en) * | 1964-07-28 | 1966-06-28 | Carrier Corp | Cooling system |
| US3283530A (en) * | 1965-09-13 | 1966-11-08 | Schlitz Brewing Co J | Beverage dispensing and cooling apparatus |
| US3464219A (en) * | 1968-04-17 | 1969-09-02 | Sun Oil Co | Storage of normally gaseous material in subterranean caverns |
| US3626080A (en) * | 1969-12-10 | 1971-12-07 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Means for circulating liquid coolants |
| US4161108A (en) * | 1976-02-18 | 1979-07-17 | H&T Enterprises, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing the temperature of a fluid |
| US4094164A (en) * | 1976-02-18 | 1978-06-13 | H & T Enterprises, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing the temperature of a fluid |
| US4078392A (en) * | 1976-12-29 | 1978-03-14 | Borg-Warner Corporation | Direct contact heat transfer system using magnetic fluids |
| US4467305A (en) * | 1981-10-12 | 1984-08-21 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Gas/vapor cooled electromagnetic induction machine |
| WO1988004488A1 (en) * | 1986-12-12 | 1988-06-16 | Qualitrol Corporation | Multi-phase electronic temperature controller |
| US4914921A (en) * | 1988-08-16 | 1990-04-10 | Cbi Research Corporation | Refrigeration method and apparatus using aqueous liquid sealed compressor |
| EP0355519A2 (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1990-02-28 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method of and device for cooling a container filled with a liquid substance |
| EP0355519A3 (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1990-11-07 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method of and device for cooling a container filled with a liquid substance |
| US5131233A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1992-07-21 | Cray Computer Corporation | Gas-liquid forced turbulence cooling |
| WO1992015832A1 (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1992-09-17 | Cray Computer Corporation | Gas-liquid forced turbulence cooling |
| US5766517A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1998-06-16 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Dielectric fluid for use in power distribution equipment |
| US7651641B2 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2010-01-26 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Vegetable oil based dielectric fluid and methods of using same |
| US7871546B2 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2011-01-18 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Vegetable oil based dielectric coolant |
| US6037537A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2000-03-14 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Vegetable oil based dielectric coolant |
| US6184459B1 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2001-02-06 | Cooper Industries Inc. | Vegetable oil based dielectric coolant |
| US20100097167A1 (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2010-04-22 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Vegetable oil based dielectric coolant |
| US6352655B1 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2002-03-05 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Vegetable oil based dielectric fluid |
| US6398986B1 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2002-06-04 | Cooper Industries, Inc | Food grade vegetable oil based dielectric fluid and methods of using same |
| US6485659B1 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2002-11-26 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Electrical apparatus with dielectric fluid blend of polyalphaolefins and polyol esters or triglycerides |
| US6613250B2 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2003-09-02 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Vegetable oil based dielectric fluid and methods of using same |
| US20030164479A1 (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2003-09-04 | Cooper Industries, Inc., A Texas Corporation | Dielectric fluid having defined chemical composition for use in electrical apparatus |
| US20040069975A1 (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2004-04-15 | Cooper Industries, A Ohio Corporation | Vegetable oil based dielectric fluid and methods of using same |
| US6726857B2 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2004-04-27 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Dielectric fluid having defined chemical composition for use in electrical apparatus |
| US20050040375A1 (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2005-02-24 | Cooper Power Systems, A Ohio Corporation | Vegetable oil based dielectric fluid and methods of using same |
| US6905638B2 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2005-06-14 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Vegetable oil based dielectric fluid and methods of using same |
| US5736915A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1998-04-07 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Hermetically sealed, non-venting electrical apparatus with dielectric fluid having defined chemical composition |
| WO1997030498A1 (en) * | 1996-02-20 | 1997-08-21 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Internal transformer chimney |
| US6234343B1 (en) | 1999-03-26 | 2001-05-22 | Papp Enterprises, Llc | Automated portable medication radial dispensing apparatus and method |
| US20060144749A1 (en) * | 2004-04-24 | 2006-07-06 | Inrange Systems, Inc. | Medicament carriers and methods of using same |
| US7451876B2 (en) | 2004-04-24 | 2008-11-18 | Inrange Systems, Inc. | Universal medication carrier |
| US20050237222A1 (en) * | 2004-04-24 | 2005-10-27 | Bogash Robert C | Universal medication carrier |
| US20070153480A1 (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2007-07-05 | Honeywell International Inc. | Multi-fluid coolant system |
| US20070268669A1 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-22 | Hardcore Computer, Inc. | Circuit board assembly for a liquid submersion cooled electronic device |
| US7414845B2 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2008-08-19 | Hardcore Computer, Inc. | Circuit board assembly for a liquid submersion cooled electronic device |
| US20080110786A1 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-15 | Bossi Christopher E | Blister card carrier |
| US20180317346A1 (en) * | 2008-08-11 | 2018-11-01 | Green Revolution Cooling, Inc. | Liquid submerged, horizontal computer server rack and systems and method of cooling such a server rack |
| US20170271069A1 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2017-09-21 | General Electric Company | Rupture resistant system |
| US11056264B2 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2021-07-06 | General Electric Company | Rupture resistant system |
| US8461953B1 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2013-06-11 | Marvin W. Ward | System, method and apparatus for transformer cooling |
| US9620276B1 (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2017-04-11 | Marvin W. Ward | System, method and apparatus for transformer cooling |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2440930A (en) | Cooling system | |
| US3024298A (en) | Evaporative-gravity cooling systems | |
| US2167442A (en) | Refrigeration apparatus | |
| US2247950A (en) | Refrigerating apparatus | |
| US2597745A (en) | Refrigerator and stove | |
| CN110868839A (en) | Cooling device and switching power supply system | |
| US2978881A (en) | Air conditioning apparatus | |
| US3548612A (en) | Refrigerating compressor with oil cooler | |
| US2162245A (en) | Heating and cooling system | |
| US1886607A (en) | Refrigerating system | |
| US2497450A (en) | Refrigeration system | |
| US3881323A (en) | Viscosity regulated cooling system | |
| US2112733A (en) | Transformer | |
| US2479848A (en) | Multitemperature refrigeration apparatus and method | |
| US2177827A (en) | Refrigerating apparatus of the compression type | |
| US1821754A (en) | Air cooled condenser for refrigerating systems | |
| US1751209A (en) | Refrigerator | |
| US3037358A (en) | Refrigeration apparatus | |
| US2219789A (en) | Refrigerator | |
| US2005611A (en) | Dry ice refrigerating system | |
| US3213934A (en) | Cooling system for liquids used in machine tools and similar appliances | |
| US2483439A (en) | Refrigerating apparatus | |
| US2500778A (en) | Refrigerator having an automatically controlled secondary refrigerant system | |
| US2947798A (en) | Cooling arrangement for electric apparatus | |
| US1907603A (en) | Refrigerating machine |