US2440491A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Oil burner Download PDF

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Publication number
US2440491A
US2440491A US64928A US6492836A US2440491A US 2440491 A US2440491 A US 2440491A US 64928 A US64928 A US 64928A US 6492836 A US6492836 A US 6492836A US 2440491 A US2440491 A US 2440491A
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United States
Prior art keywords
air
burner
fuel
combustion
oil burner
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Expired - Lifetime
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US64928A
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Schwander Erwin Frederic
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DES VEHICULES SEV SOC ET
D'ETUDES DES VEHICULES "SEV" Ste
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DES VEHICULES SEV SOC ET
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
    • F23M9/06—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in fire-boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D91/00—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for
    • F23D91/02—Burners specially adapted for specific applications, not otherwise provided for for use in particular heating operations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2206/00—Burners for specific applications
    • F23D2206/0005—Liquid fuel burners adapted for use in locomotives

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an oil burner, particularly for steam generators for vehicles. It is known that these burners, by reason of the relatively small dimensions of the furnace, must produce a flame which, while being as short as possible, fills, to a major extent, the generally cylindrical or cubical chamber of the furnace in such a Way as to permit a very concentrated working thereof.
  • the secondary air current I flows all around the cup d while the current of primary air 2 constituting to 25% of the former passes into the cup itself where it is charged with particles of fuel.
  • the former encloses the second up to a point in front of the bave plate f which, by reason of the different displacements of the air currents, produces an intima-te mixture thereof.
  • Fig. 3 shows the formation of the flame itself. of the amount of fuel and air as a function of It will be noted that only in the exterior zone the conditions of combustion adopted in every of the primary air current charged with fuel there case forms the subject of the present invention is produced a combustion immediately after the which only relates to the particular construction ignition. Towards the interior of the said curof the burner so that an intimate mixture of the rent, on the contrary, the particles of fuel cannot fuel and of the air is ensured while the flame is burn owing to lack of air. They are, however, guided so as to respond to the requirements set gasied by the heat radiated by the exterior burnforth. ing envelope. In the mixture zone shown on Fig.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the first emcurrent and the remainder of the gasified carbodiment in which the paths of the fuel and air burant.
  • Fig. '2 is a similar section of the same embodiwith a short flame.
  • the flame ment showing the different zones of combustion is spread out as a dovetail by thebaie plate f and Fig.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section of the second has a form completely filling the furnace. It will embodiment. be noted that after leaving the nozzle, no part Fig. 1 shows an axial section of the burner in 35 of liquid fuel comes into contact with metal. position relatively to the furnace of the steam As will be seen from Figs. 2 and 3, the burner generator. The chamber shown in dotted lines is is not likely to heat up, since all its metallic parts the furnace chamber of which the Walls may be are cooled by air. In the Same Way, the bam@ constituted by tubular heating surfaces and plate is cooled in an effective manner so that which preferably have a transverse circular sec. 40 it can be formed of cast material without intion. convenience.
  • the burner is composed of the body a with an Of course, other materials could also be utilised, air inlet tube b and a combustion mouth c, At in particular metallic alloys which are resistant the centre of the body but separated from its end to heat, ceramic materials or the like. is placed a cup-like part d pierced at its base with Instead of employing a. simple bave pla-te, one slots or apertures. The total section of these could also employ, as shown on Fig. 3, a head f1 apertures is such that 10 to 25% of the total volprovided with air ejection nozzles l. These nozzles ume of a-ir can pass therethrough.
  • the oil nozzle supply air directly contrary to or obliquely to e which could be of the open or closed type, opens the jet leaving the burner.
  • the air is supplied to into the centre of the base of the cup d.
  • a the head f1 by means of a side branch in the air baliie plate f is disposed at a certain distance in inlet to the burner, as indicated in Fig. 3, dotted front of the mouth c of the body of the burner a, lines between these two figures showing the air and perpendicular to the axis of the burner. This path to the head f1.
  • the whole of the combustion plate is supported in rany suitable way, for exair is thus divided into three currents, the secample by the construction of the generator or of 5 5 ondary current I, primary air 2 and tertiary air 3.
  • a very favourable combustion is obtained if the tertiary current 3 is preheated.

Description

April 27, 1A948. Y E. FQ scHw'ANDER v I 2,440,491
oIL BURNER l Filed Feb. zo, 1956l IHIHHI f SWW i Q Patented Apr. 2v, 194s OIL BURNER Erwin Frdric Schwander, Reichshoffen, France, v
assigner to Societe dEtudes des Vehicules Sev,. wtechshoifen (Bas-Rhin), Francaa society of i rance e Applieatien February 20,1936, serieiNe. 64,928
In France March 21, 1935 section 3,- Publie Law 690, Auguste, 194e i Patent expires March 21, 1955 1 claim. (C1. 15a-T3) This invention relates to an oil burner, particularly for steam generators for vehicles. It is known that these burners, by reason of the relatively small dimensions of the furnace, must produce a flame which, while being as short as possible, fills, to a major extent, the generally cylindrical or cubical chamber of the furnace in such a Way as to permit a very concentrated working thereof.
In order that the flame shall not be extended too much, it is necessary that the fuel should be finely pulverised, 'and this is only possible by using a pulverisation by means of compressed air or steam or by supplying the oil under pressure.
" the burner. Ignitionis performedbyean electric sparking device placed either inside orimniedi` ately to the outside of the cup d. The electrodes against which the sparks impinge are not shown.
The operation of the burner is shown on Figs. 2 and 3 and is as follows:
The secondary air current I flows all around the cup d while the current of primary air 2 constituting to 25% of the former passes into the cup itself where it is charged with particles of fuel. The former encloses the second up to a point in front of the baiile plate f which, by reason of the different displacements of the air currents, produces an intima-te mixture thereof. The
Neither the method of realising such a pulverisashaded part of Fig. 2 shows themixing zone.
tion nor that of realising a correct proportioning Fig. 3 shows the formation of the flame itself. of the amount of fuel and air as a function of It will be noted that only in the exterior zone the conditions of combustion adopted in every of the primary air current charged with fuel there case forms the subject of the present invention is produced a combustion immediately after the which only relates to the particular construction ignition. Towards the interior of the said curof the burner so that an intimate mixture of the rent, on the contrary, the particles of fuel cannot fuel and of the air is ensured while the flame is burn owing to lack of air. They are, however, guided so as to respond to the requirements set gasied by the heat radiated by the exterior burnforth. ing envelope. In the mixture zone shown on Fig.
The attached drawing shows by way of example 2, these three constituents are mixed intimately, two embodiments of oil burners according to the that is the air in the secondary air current, the invention. flames of the burning envelope of theprimary Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the first emcurrent and the remainder of the gasified carbodiment in which the paths of the fuel and air burant. As a substantial portion of the fuel is are indicated by parallel lines; in gasiiied form, a perfect combustion is obtained Fig. '2 is a similar section of the same embodiwith a short flame. At the same time the flame ment showing the different zones of combustion; is spread out as a dovetail by thebaie plate f and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the second has a form completely filling the furnace. It will embodiment. be noted that after leaving the nozzle, no part Fig. 1 shows an axial section of the burner in 35 of liquid fuel comes into contact with metal. position relatively to the furnace of the steam As will be seen from Figs. 2 and 3, the burner generator. The chamber shown in dotted lines is is not likely to heat up, since all its metallic parts the furnace chamber of which the Walls may be are cooled by air. In the Same Way, the bam@ constituted by tubular heating surfaces and plate is cooled in an effective manner so that which preferably have a transverse circular sec. 40 it can be formed of cast material without intion. convenience.
The burner is composed of the body a with an Of course, other materials could also be utilised, air inlet tube b and a combustion mouth c, At in particular metallic alloys which are resistant the centre of the body but separated from its end to heat, ceramic materials or the like. is placed a cup-like part d pierced at its base with Instead of employing a. simple baiile pla-te, one slots or apertures. The total section of these could also employ, as shown on Fig. 3, a head f1 apertures is such that 10 to 25% of the total volprovided with air ejection nozzles l. These nozzles ume of a-ir can pass therethrough. The oil nozzle supply air directly contrary to or obliquely to e, which could be of the open or closed type, opens the jet leaving the burner. The air is supplied to into the centre of the base of the cup d. Also, a the head f1 by means of a side branch in the air baliie plate f is disposed at a certain distance in inlet to the burner, as indicated in Fig. 3, dotted front of the mouth c of the body of the burner a, lines between these two figures showing the air and perpendicular to the axis of the burner. This path to the head f1. The whole of the combustion plate is supported in rany suitable way, for exair is thus divided into three currents, the secample by the construction of the generator or of 5 5 ondary current I, primary air 2 and tertiary air 3. A very favourable combustion is obtained if the tertiary current 3 is preheated.
I claime.
UNITED STATES PATENTS In an oi'lbunnenpaittibularly `fonfsteamgener: Numb?? l Name f Date I ators for vehicles comprising incomblnation a 5 13121326 Bl'dok MEYW 1929 tubular burner body receiving combustion air, am 1,921,922 H911' Allg. 8, 1933 sleeve-like member in the bcdy for dividing the '773,383 Frlfdmnn et al- 06h25, 1904 combustion air into a primary and a seconder-515 ,353,169 shlpman NOV. 23, 1335 air current, an oil nozzle and an electric ignition 1,016,919 Kunkel Jan. 30, 1912 device in seid member rand erbeare'picerdiepcsed10;; 1.4141961; Wlier'- Nov. 20, 1923 in front cf che tubular body, che eldeve-dikfmemr 1,923,422'1- DEspuiols Apr. 16, 1912 ber being e, cylindrical cupi'hevingfe-'perfdrete-d 1,491,159 Metcalfe Apr. 22, 1924 bottom turned against the air current, said tu- 1,740,296 GldeS'eG a1 DSC. 17, 1929 bular body extending beyond'tleicupminuthand-: 1.915933' Wlfer Sept. 25,V 1934 Scott Apr. 6, 1920 Scott Jan. 8, 1924 Bryan Aug. 30, 1927 the inner walls thereof being throughbubthi-xrme whole length essentially parallelzetori-,hose ;;f".the..
cup' ERWIN FREDERIC ISCHWANDEIR.
REFERENCES CITED 1,336,12151@y 1,430,015 Lemmer:
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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2546432A (en) * 1944-03-20 1951-03-27 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Apparatus for deflecting a fuel jet towards a region of turbulence in a propulsive gaseous stream
US2638745A (en) * 1943-04-01 1953-05-19 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Gas turbine combustor having tangential air inlets for primary and secondary air
US2657532A (en) * 1948-09-02 1953-11-03 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Liquid fuel atomizer located upstream of a flame stabilizing baffle
US2679137A (en) * 1947-10-21 1954-05-25 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Apparatus for burning fuel in a fast moving gas stream
US3033270A (en) * 1959-01-12 1962-05-08 Vehicules S E V Soc D Et Oil-burner
US3046731A (en) * 1955-10-07 1962-07-31 Edward Pohlmann Flame stabilization in jet engines
US3087532A (en) * 1958-08-01 1963-04-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method of reducing noise in oil burners
US3834857A (en) * 1971-12-15 1974-09-10 Hotwork Ltd Fluid fuel burners
US3853453A (en) * 1972-04-04 1974-12-10 K Olsson Lobate combustion chamber
US4152107A (en) * 1977-06-29 1979-05-01 Combustion and Energy Corporation Preheating of secondary air from combustion chamber radiation
US4309165A (en) * 1979-04-18 1982-01-05 Mcelroy James G High velocity combustion furnace and burner
WO1985000051A1 (en) * 1983-06-14 1985-01-03 Sandstroem Christer Burner for fossil fuels
US4568264A (en) * 1983-01-14 1986-02-04 Lennox Industries, Inc. Combustion chamber construction
US4640680A (en) * 1985-05-20 1987-02-03 Schilling Thaddeus A Portable gas-fired forced-draft heater
US4762488A (en) * 1985-05-20 1988-08-09 Schilling Thaddeus A Portable gas-fired forced-draft heater
US5065736A (en) * 1991-02-01 1991-11-19 Engineered Air Systems, Inc. Air heating apparatus and method of heating an air stream
US5879150A (en) * 1998-05-08 1999-03-09 Crichton; Henry Flameless igniter for use with a tank burner of a fluid fuel system
US7402039B1 (en) 2003-03-17 2008-07-22 Mcelroy James G High velocity pressure combustion system

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US353169A (en) * 1886-11-23 Hydrocarbon-furnace
US773383A (en) * 1903-07-29 1904-10-25 Max Friedmann Vapor-burner.
US1016018A (en) * 1911-03-16 1912-01-30 Albert R Kunkel Oil-burner.
US1023422A (en) * 1909-05-05 1912-04-16 Robert Lucien D Espujols Hydrocarbon-burner.
US1336261A (en) * 1919-08-21 1920-04-06 Lewis L Scott Combustion apparatus
US1474867A (en) * 1920-03-22 1923-11-20 William P Ingersoll Hydrocarbon burner
US1480015A (en) * 1920-03-06 1924-01-08 Lewis L Scott Steam-generating apparatus
US1491158A (en) * 1922-10-02 1924-04-22 Socony Burner Corp Method and burner for burning liquid fuel
US1640346A (en) * 1921-06-08 1927-08-30 Bryan Harvester Company Fire box for steam generators
US1712326A (en) * 1926-07-13 1929-05-07 Brock Joseph Burner
US1740296A (en) * 1928-10-20 1929-12-17 Hauck Mfg Co Burner apparatus
US1921922A (en) * 1928-08-09 1933-08-08 Frank E Herr Oil burner
US1975033A (en) * 1931-02-23 1934-09-25 Firm Selas Ag Oil burner

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US353169A (en) * 1886-11-23 Hydrocarbon-furnace
US773383A (en) * 1903-07-29 1904-10-25 Max Friedmann Vapor-burner.
US1023422A (en) * 1909-05-05 1912-04-16 Robert Lucien D Espujols Hydrocarbon-burner.
US1016018A (en) * 1911-03-16 1912-01-30 Albert R Kunkel Oil-burner.
US1336261A (en) * 1919-08-21 1920-04-06 Lewis L Scott Combustion apparatus
US1480015A (en) * 1920-03-06 1924-01-08 Lewis L Scott Steam-generating apparatus
US1474867A (en) * 1920-03-22 1923-11-20 William P Ingersoll Hydrocarbon burner
US1640346A (en) * 1921-06-08 1927-08-30 Bryan Harvester Company Fire box for steam generators
US1491158A (en) * 1922-10-02 1924-04-22 Socony Burner Corp Method and burner for burning liquid fuel
US1712326A (en) * 1926-07-13 1929-05-07 Brock Joseph Burner
US1921922A (en) * 1928-08-09 1933-08-08 Frank E Herr Oil burner
US1740296A (en) * 1928-10-20 1929-12-17 Hauck Mfg Co Burner apparatus
US1975033A (en) * 1931-02-23 1934-09-25 Firm Selas Ag Oil burner

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2638745A (en) * 1943-04-01 1953-05-19 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Gas turbine combustor having tangential air inlets for primary and secondary air
US2546432A (en) * 1944-03-20 1951-03-27 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Apparatus for deflecting a fuel jet towards a region of turbulence in a propulsive gaseous stream
US2679137A (en) * 1947-10-21 1954-05-25 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Apparatus for burning fuel in a fast moving gas stream
US2657532A (en) * 1948-09-02 1953-11-03 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Liquid fuel atomizer located upstream of a flame stabilizing baffle
US3046731A (en) * 1955-10-07 1962-07-31 Edward Pohlmann Flame stabilization in jet engines
US3087532A (en) * 1958-08-01 1963-04-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co Method of reducing noise in oil burners
US3033270A (en) * 1959-01-12 1962-05-08 Vehicules S E V Soc D Et Oil-burner
US3834857A (en) * 1971-12-15 1974-09-10 Hotwork Ltd Fluid fuel burners
US3853453A (en) * 1972-04-04 1974-12-10 K Olsson Lobate combustion chamber
US4152107A (en) * 1977-06-29 1979-05-01 Combustion and Energy Corporation Preheating of secondary air from combustion chamber radiation
US4309165A (en) * 1979-04-18 1982-01-05 Mcelroy James G High velocity combustion furnace and burner
US4568264A (en) * 1983-01-14 1986-02-04 Lennox Industries, Inc. Combustion chamber construction
WO1985000051A1 (en) * 1983-06-14 1985-01-03 Sandstroem Christer Burner for fossil fuels
US4640680A (en) * 1985-05-20 1987-02-03 Schilling Thaddeus A Portable gas-fired forced-draft heater
US4762488A (en) * 1985-05-20 1988-08-09 Schilling Thaddeus A Portable gas-fired forced-draft heater
US5065736A (en) * 1991-02-01 1991-11-19 Engineered Air Systems, Inc. Air heating apparatus and method of heating an air stream
US5879150A (en) * 1998-05-08 1999-03-09 Crichton; Henry Flameless igniter for use with a tank burner of a fluid fuel system
US7402039B1 (en) 2003-03-17 2008-07-22 Mcelroy James G High velocity pressure combustion system

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