US2439207A - Thermoplastic composition - Google Patents
Thermoplastic composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2439207A US2439207A US536641A US53664144A US2439207A US 2439207 A US2439207 A US 2439207A US 536641 A US536641 A US 536641A US 53664144 A US53664144 A US 53664144A US 2439207 A US2439207 A US 2439207A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- wax
- oil
- blown
- employed
- candelilla
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 55
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 abstract description 49
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000004204 candelilla wax Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 235000013868 candelilla wax Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229940073532 candelilla wax Drugs 0.000 abstract description 15
- IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hentriacontane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IUJAMGNYPWYUPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000012185 ceresin wax Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 240000000972 Agathis dammara Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920002871 Dammar gum Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012179 bayberry wax Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920005553 polystyrene-acrylate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007766 cera flava Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000012184 mineral wax Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N (2r,4r,4as,6as,6as,6br,8ar,12ar,14as,14bs)-2-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)C(C)(C)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@]1(C)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@H]1C DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001553290 Euphorbia antisyphilitica Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004169 Hydrogenated Poly-1-Decene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019383 crystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
- C08L91/06—Waxes
Definitions
- My present invention relates generally to thermoplastic compositions of matter. and has particular reference to waxy compositions suitable for precision casting procedures.
- a general object of the invention is to provide a thermoplastic composition of new and improved character. While its ultimate usefulness is not necessarily restricted to any particular field. it is primarily intended to embody certain desirable qualities which make it particularly valuable for casting procedures employed in making dentures, jewelry articles such as rings or pins, and similar items of detailed and irregular contour. The specific qualities which characterize the present improved product may best be described by reference to certain phases of the art of making castings of the character mentioned.
- oils whose polymerization products have proven 'most useful for my present purposes are those which are drying oils, viz., those of the class which includes linseed oil, cashew shell oil, oiticica oil, China-wood oil, tung oil, and the like.
- the composition have enhanced adhesive or cohesive properties, or a degree of brittleness which results in a clean fracture when a mass of the composi-
- the pattern should be hard and form retaining, it should embody a smooth finish and to avoid the formation of cracks or other undesired irregularities. In large-scale production of precision castings, the pattern must be sufilciently strong and stable to withstand considerable handling without suffering any deformation.
- My present invention is predicated upon the discovery that certain polymerized vegetable oils are miscible with waxes in all proportions, and can be feasibly employed to impart to the resultant intermixtures certain desirable characteristics which are present onlyto a lesser degree, or not otherwise present at all, in the waxes themselves.
- Polymerized vegetable oils as a class, are known as extenders of and substitutes for natural and synthetic rubbers. They range in consistency from thick adhesive liquids through soft rubbery gel-like solids to harder rubber-like solids. I have found that the relatively soft and soluble members of this group form homogeneous melts with waxes, and can'thus be caused to serve as desirable modifiers of waxes to produce thermoplastic compositions having new and improved and highly tion isbroken. The present invention makes it possible to achieve these additional advantages.
- compositions resulting from my invention lie, in the fact that conventional proceduresof use may be adhered to.
- such pattern may be in the usual way invested in refractory mold material and subsequentlydestroyed by heat.
- fillers or other modifiers are deemed desirable,
- anyof the known waxes are suitable, such as i amorphous wax, crystalline wax, microcrystalline "wax, .candelilla wax, carnauba wax, beeswax,
- wax ingredient generally constitutes the major portion of the resultant composition, being usually present; in an amount equal to approximately 50 to 90 per cent, by weight, of the composition.
- the polymerized vegetable oil ingredient may be, for example, the polymerization product of cashew shell oil, linseed oil, oiticica oil, tung oil, China-wood oil, or similar drying oils.
- these polymerized vegetable oils may be used singly or in combination, and this ingredient of the composition generally forms a minor portion thereof, usually no more than about to 50 per cent, by weight.
- adhesiveness is a quality desired in the composition, a minimum of 5% of the polymerized vegetable oil should be used.
- the ingredients to be mixed are brought together by first melting the wax or waxes,then slowly adding the polymerized vegetable oil ingredient under continued heat and stirring.
- the temperature should be maintained as high as possible, which will be at least as high as the melting point of the wax or waxes, and may be any higher temperature short of that at which the wax or waxes start-to decompose.
- Example II Per cent Candelilla wax 50 Polymerized China-wood oil 50 This composition is fairly flexible and quite strong, and manifests good qualities of elastic This composition is characterized by hardness and toughness, has low shrinkage, and exhibits no tendency to crack as it cools from a molten to a solid state. It is somewhat more brittle than the composition of Example I, and has fairly good adhesive properties.
- Example IV Per cent Microcrystalline wax 50 Polymerized linseed oil 50 This composition has excellent qualities of elastic recovery, and it is quite strong. It has a slight degree of tackiness, and is characterized by its softness and flexibility.
- Example I Per cent .Candelilla w 80 Polymerized linseed oil 20 g 100 This composition of matter is tough and mod- This composition is also soft, and it has good adhesive qualities as well as elasticity.
- Example VH1 Per cent Ceresin wax 50 Polymerized linseed oil 50 Thiscomposition is soft and flexible, b t it has very slight adhesiveness.
- Example IX Per cent Ceresin wax Polymerized China-wood oil 10 This composition is slightly soft and not tacky.
- this composition Due to the presence of the carnauba wax in gredient, this composition is very hard and strong. It also embodies a desirable degree of brittleness, but it will not crack during the cooling process.
- compositions other than waxes and polymerized vegetable oils may be employed as modifiers or This composition is unusually strong and is somewhat harder and more brittle than the product of Example I. It has excellent adhesive properties.
- the rosin ingredient has a higher melting point than candelilla wax and thus contributes toward making the product stronger and more rigid.
- modifying ingredients that may be employed, depending upon specific properties which are to be incorporated in the mixture, are natural and synthetic resins of various types.
- dammar could be used to impart adhesiveness to the mixture.
- Various thermo-setting resins such as melamine or phenolic resins, may be employed to reduce shrinkage, enhance brittleness or adhesiveness, or modify the properties in, similar ways.
- Ground thermoplastic resins such as polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate may be emloyed as fillers for reducing shrinkage.
- the invention is not restricted to the specific waxes, polymerized vegetable oils, or other ingredients hereinbefore mentioned, the foregoing examples having been set forth merly to illustrate the wide range of possibilities.
- the composition is characterized by the basic concept of the invention, viz., the inter-mixture of wax or waxes with one or more polymerized vegetable oils which are miscible therewith, the resultant composition having desirable properties which are not otherwise present, or present only to a lesser degree, in the waxes themselves.
- thermoplastic moldable form-retaining composition consisting essentially of wax and polymerized oil and being devoid of any non-meltable ingredient leaving any substantial ash residue upon combustion thereof, the wax constituting at least 50% of the composition, whereby said pattern after investment in refractory mold material may be completely eliminated therefrom by the application of heat.
- a casting pattern comprising an intermixture of about of candelilla wax and about 20% of polymerized linseed oil, said pattern being thermoplastic, moldable, form-retaining, and adapted to be invested in refractory mold material and completely eliminated therefrom by the application of heat.
- a casting pattern comprising an intermixture of about 80% of carnauba wax and about 20% of polymerized linseed oil, said pattern being thermoplastic, mcldable, form-retaining, and adapted to be invested in refractory mold material and completely eliminated therefrom by the application of heat.
- a sticky thermoplastic form-retaining composition consisting essentially of beeswax and polymerized drying oil, the wax constituting at least 50% of the composition, the polymerized oil having an inherent gelatinous rubbery character which imparts toughness to the composition, said composition being devoid of any non-meltable ingredient leaving any substantial ash residue upon combustion thereof, and being adapted to form part of and to be adhesively applied to a casting pattern to be invested in refractory mold material and completely eliminated therefrom by the application of heat, said composition adhering to said pattern by virtue of its inherent stickiness and forming part of said pattern during said investment and elimination.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| LU28935D LU28935A1 (d) | 1944-05-20 | ||
| BE480656D BE480656A (d) | 1944-05-20 | ||
| US536641A US2439207A (en) | 1944-05-20 | 1944-05-20 | Thermoplastic composition |
| GB14421/45A GB621845A (en) | 1944-05-20 | 1945-06-07 | Thermoplastic composition |
| FR938502D FR938502A (fr) | 1944-05-20 | 1946-12-11 | Composition thermoplastique |
| NL133582A NL70926C (d) | 1944-05-20 | 1947-07-21 | |
| CH274856D CH274856A (fr) | 1944-05-20 | 1948-02-19 | Composition thermo-plastique. |
| DEP30563A DE823642C (de) | 1944-05-20 | 1949-01-01 | Masse zum Herstellen ausschmelzbarer oder ausbrennbarer Gussmodelle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US536641A US2439207A (en) | 1944-05-20 | 1944-05-20 | Thermoplastic composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2439207A true US2439207A (en) | 1948-04-06 |
Family
ID=31190500
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US536641A Expired - Lifetime US2439207A (en) | 1944-05-20 | 1944-05-20 | Thermoplastic composition |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2439207A (d) |
| BE (1) | BE480656A (d) |
| CH (1) | CH274856A (d) |
| DE (1) | DE823642C (d) |
| FR (1) | FR938502A (d) |
| GB (1) | GB621845A (d) |
| LU (1) | LU28935A1 (d) |
| NL (1) | NL70926C (d) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2483113A (en) * | 1946-06-13 | 1949-09-27 | Frederick G Tcrwilliger | Coating material |
| US2927092A (en) * | 1958-03-07 | 1960-03-01 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Polystyrene phonograph record compositions |
| US3042538A (en) * | 1959-09-22 | 1962-07-03 | Galleher Inc | Pliable filler for mask cushioning means |
| US3186856A (en) * | 1954-11-15 | 1965-06-01 | John F Leutzinger | Composition stick for filling small regular cavities |
| CN113072814A (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-06 | 东莞理工学院 | 一种雕刻模型材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US375433A (en) * | 1887-12-27 | William geoege white | ||
| US867757A (en) * | 1906-11-09 | 1907-10-08 | Conservierungs Ges Fuer Nahrungs Und Genussmittel Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Deutsche | Pitch substitute and process for making the same. |
| US1345057A (en) * | 1917-06-08 | 1920-06-29 | Western Electric Co | Insulating and sealing composition |
| GB209064A (en) * | 1922-12-23 | 1924-06-19 | Edgar Von Boyen | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of compositions kneadable like bee's wax |
| US1524875A (en) * | 1923-02-08 | 1925-02-03 | Martinson William | Drive for front wheels of motor vehicles |
| US1599598A (en) * | 1922-12-01 | 1926-09-14 | Harry H Beckwith | Thermoplastic composition |
| US2189530A (en) * | 1936-11-27 | 1940-02-06 | Du Pont | Finishing composition |
-
0
- BE BE480656D patent/BE480656A/fr unknown
- LU LU28935D patent/LU28935A1/xx unknown
-
1944
- 1944-05-20 US US536641A patent/US2439207A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1945
- 1945-06-07 GB GB14421/45A patent/GB621845A/en not_active Expired
-
1946
- 1946-12-11 FR FR938502D patent/FR938502A/fr not_active Expired
-
1947
- 1947-07-21 NL NL133582A patent/NL70926C/xx active
-
1948
- 1948-02-19 CH CH274856D patent/CH274856A/fr unknown
-
1949
- 1949-01-01 DE DEP30563A patent/DE823642C/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US375433A (en) * | 1887-12-27 | William geoege white | ||
| US867757A (en) * | 1906-11-09 | 1907-10-08 | Conservierungs Ges Fuer Nahrungs Und Genussmittel Mit Beschraenkter Haftung Deutsche | Pitch substitute and process for making the same. |
| US1345057A (en) * | 1917-06-08 | 1920-06-29 | Western Electric Co | Insulating and sealing composition |
| US1599598A (en) * | 1922-12-01 | 1926-09-14 | Harry H Beckwith | Thermoplastic composition |
| GB209064A (en) * | 1922-12-23 | 1924-06-19 | Edgar Von Boyen | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of compositions kneadable like bee's wax |
| US1524875A (en) * | 1923-02-08 | 1925-02-03 | Martinson William | Drive for front wheels of motor vehicles |
| US2189530A (en) * | 1936-11-27 | 1940-02-06 | Du Pont | Finishing composition |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2483113A (en) * | 1946-06-13 | 1949-09-27 | Frederick G Tcrwilliger | Coating material |
| US3186856A (en) * | 1954-11-15 | 1965-06-01 | John F Leutzinger | Composition stick for filling small regular cavities |
| US2927092A (en) * | 1958-03-07 | 1960-03-01 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Polystyrene phonograph record compositions |
| US3042538A (en) * | 1959-09-22 | 1962-07-03 | Galleher Inc | Pliable filler for mask cushioning means |
| CN113072814A (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-06 | 东莞理工学院 | 一种雕刻模型材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH274856A (fr) | 1951-04-30 |
| BE480656A (d) | |
| GB621845A (en) | 1949-04-21 |
| NL70926C (d) | 1952-05-15 |
| FR938502A (fr) | 1948-10-18 |
| LU28935A1 (d) | |
| DE823642C (de) | 1951-12-06 |
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