US2438910A - Pulse generator - Google Patents

Pulse generator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2438910A
US2438910A US514999A US51499943A US2438910A US 2438910 A US2438910 A US 2438910A US 514999 A US514999 A US 514999A US 51499943 A US51499943 A US 51499943A US 2438910 A US2438910 A US 2438910A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
pulse
edge
curved
input
input pulse
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US514999A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Donald D Grieg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STC PLC
Federal Telephone and Radio Corp
Original Assignee
Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE474797D priority Critical patent/BE474797A/xx
Application filed by Standard Telephone and Cables PLC filed Critical Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority to US514999A priority patent/US2438910A/en
Priority to ES0182177A priority patent/ES182177A1/es
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2438910A publication Critical patent/US2438910A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/153—Arrangements in which a pulse is delivered at the instant when a predetermined characteristic of an input signal is present or at a fixed time interval after this instant
    • H03K5/1534—Transition or edge detectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K4/00—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
    • H03K4/06—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape
    • H03K4/08—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape
    • H03K4/10—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape using as active elements vacuum tubes only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/01—Shaping pulses
    • H03K5/04—Shaping pulses by increasing duration; by decreasing duration
    • H03K5/05—Shaping pulses by increasing duration; by decreasing duration by the use of clock signals or other time reference signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/01—Shaping pulses
    • H03K5/08—Shaping pulses by limiting; by thresholding; by slicing, i.e. combined limiting and thresholding
    • H03K5/082—Shaping pulses by limiting; by thresholding; by slicing, i.e. combined limiting and thresholding with an adaptive threshold

Definitions

  • the edger pulse portion 42 is obtained as indicated by curve d, the vertical leading edge portion 42a corresponding to the vertical trailing edge 26b of the input pulse and the trailing edge 4212 being curved exponentially like the trailing edge 35 of the saw-tooth.
  • the clipping level may be lowered from the zero axis as indicated by level 45 whereby saw-teeth 46 (curve e) having substantially linearly sloping trailing edges are obtainable.
  • Fig. 3 I show a second embodiment of the invention whereby both positive and negative edger pulses are produced.
  • This circuit includes a. resistance-capacitance circuit to which input pulses 50, curve 1, Fig. 4, are applied.
  • the circuit includes a resistor R connected in series with a condenser C to ground.
  • the output.52 of this circuit is taken ofl at the interconnection between elements R and C.
  • the RC values of this circuit alter the shape of the rectangular input pulse substantially as indicated at 54, curve 9.
  • the circuit values may be such as to provide a condenser charging rate as indicated by the leading edge 540., and a discharge rate as. indicated by the curved trailing edge 54b.
  • Theinput pulses are also applied to a phase reverser 6! whereby they are reversed in polarity as indicated at 6
  • the output connections 52 and 62 of the RC circuit and the phase reverser 60 may be applied to any known mixer' circuit 64 wherein the twopulse energies 54 and BI are added algebraically to produce an output wave 65, curve i having two edger pulse portions.
  • the first edger pulse portion is negative and is defined by a vertical edge 65a which corresponds to the vertical edge Bio of the rectangular pulse GI and a curved trailing edge 65b which corresponds to the curved leading edge 54a.
  • the second edger pulse portion is positive and is defined by a vertical edge 650 which corresponds to the vertical trailing edge Elb of the rectangular pulse GI and a curved trailing edge 65d which corresponds to the curved edge portion 54b.
  • the mixer 64 may comprise, for example, a known hybrid coil for mixing the two pulse energies, or a known T-pad resistor network may be used. Mixers of this character may be used where elimination of vacuum tubes is important.
  • the transformer and resistor types of mixers however, have the disadvantage of distorting somewhat the frequency and shape of the pulse waves. Such distortion, however, can be kept small and therefore may be tolerated in many applications of the invention.
  • Either of the two edger pulse portions BSa-b or 65cd is obtainable by a clipping operation performed bya known clipper 10 having a clipper tube and a phase reverser tube with output connections H and 12 with respect to a ground connection 13, whereby the positive pulse portion B5cd is obtainable on output connection "II and negative pulse. portions 6511-4) are obtained from output connection 12 by the required clipping operation.
  • the negative pulse portion BEa-b has the vertical leading edge thereof in coincidence with the leading edge of the rectangular inputpulse 50, and that the leading edge 65d of the positive pulse portion is in coincidence with the trailing edge of the input pulse 50.
  • the positive edger pulse 65cd is actually retarded an amount corresponding to the width of the input pulse with respect to the leading edge of the input pulse. Any retardation desired for an output edger pulse may be'obtained by extending,by means of a multivibrator or other rectangular pulse generating circuit; the input pulse a width equal to the desired retardation effects desired.
  • either of the output edger pulses may be reversed by applying the same to a phase reverser. or, if desired, the input pulse 50 may be reversed from positive to negative polarity prior to its application to the circuit. This would have the 'elfectof reversing the polarity of the pulses of curves 1' and k.
  • Fig. 5 I show a third embodiment which is similar to the embodiment shown in 'Fig.p3--except that the mixer .unit 64a comprises two vacuum tubes 8 I and 82.
  • the RC output connection 52 is applied to the grid of tube 8
  • I connect the input connection 5
  • the output connection 62 of phase reverserfil] is connected to the grid of the tube 82.
  • the plate connections 86 and 81 of the two tubes 81 and 82, respectively, are suppliedwith plate current through load resistor 90.
  • the output connection 92 fOr the mixer unit is connected to the clipper circuit l0.
  • the two tube feature of the mixer unit provides separate cathode biasing means em and 82a, whereby each tube can be biased according to the character of input energy.
  • tube BI is provided withagreater negative bias than tube 82.
  • the positive input pulse 55 produces a shaped pulse 5%! similarly as in the. circuit of Fig. 3.
  • phase reverser Gilreverses the input pulse 58 as shown at El prior to its application to themixer.
  • reverses the polarity of the shaped pulse 54 as shown at 84.
  • is reversed in polarity by tube 82 as shown at 85;
  • the resulting pulse output across the load resistor is shown at 95. It will be observed that due to the reversing functions of this circuit the positive pulseportion a occurs in time relation with the leading edge portion of the input pulse 50 and the negative pulse portion 95b is timed with thetrailing edge portion of the input pulse 50. This is the reverse to the polarity output of, the circuit of Fig. 3.
  • the clipping operation of clipper-10 in Fig. 5 is the same as described for Fig. 3 whereby pulse portions 95a and 952) are separately obtainable from connection H and 72.
  • Thetube mixer unit 64a of Fig. 5 is to be preferred over the hybrid coil or T-pad mixer arrangements hereinbefore referred to for mixer 64 in Fig. 3.
  • the tube mixer for example, is free from any frequency or wave distortion that may be present in the simpler forms of mixer units.
  • the method of producing an edger pulse comprising producing from a rectangular input pulse a shaped pulse at least one edge of which is curved, mixing the energy of this shaped pulse with the input pulse energy in opposite polarity to said input pulse to produce a pulse portion one edge of which is substantially vertical according to one of the vertical edge portions of the input pulse, and the other opposite edge is curved according to said curved edge, said vertical edge portion being contiguous to said opposite curved edge.
  • the produced shaped pulse is of a generally saw-tooth shape having a fiat end portion which approaches in width the width of the input pulse, whereby the mixing operation subtracts from the sawtooth shaped pulse the portion thereof which includes said flat end portion.
  • the produced shaped pulse is of a shape having curved leading and trailing edges, whereby the mixing of the input pulse therewith operates to produce two pulse portions one pulse portion being defined by the vertical leading edge of the input pulse and said curved leading edge and the other pulse portion being defined by the vertical trailing edge of said input pulse and said curved trailing edge.
  • a system for producing edger pulses from substantially rectangular pulses comprising means for producing in response to a rectangular input pulse a shaped pulse at least one edge of which is curved, mixer means, means to apply energy of said shaped pulse to said mixer means,
  • the shaped pulse producing means comprises a condenser, a vacuum tube having an input grid, a plate electrode and a cathode electrode, means to supply the plate electrode with current to charge said condenser, whereby energy of an input pulse causes said tube to conduct and to rapidly discharge said condenser, and said grid 6 having means to bias the tube negatively so that, at the termination of said input pulse, said tube returns to cut-off permitting the condenser to recharge and thereby produce the curved edge for said shaped pulse.
  • the shaped pulse producing means includes a resistance-capacitance circuit of a time constant such that the leading edge portion of the input pulse is translated into a curved edge for substantially the duration of the input pulse and the trailing edge is extended in a curved exponential shape.
  • the shaped pulse producing means includes a resistance-capacitance circuit of a time constant such that the leading edge portion of the input pulse is translated into a curved edge for substantially the duration of the input pulse and the trailing edge is extended in a curved exponential shape
  • said mixer means includes vacuum tubes, one for each pulse energy input, whereby the shaped pulse energy and the rectangular pulse energy are inverted in polarity before they are mixed, the tube for receiving the shaped pulse energy having a grid leak resistor connected to the input of the resistance-capacitance circuit.
  • a system for producing from substantially rectangular pulses positive and negative edger pulses wherein one edge of each such pulse is substantially vertical and the opposite edge is curved comprising a resistance-capacitance circuit the time constants of which translates the leading edge of each rectangular input pulse into a curved edge for substantially the duration of the input pulse and translates the vertical trailing edge of the input pulse into a curved exponential edge, a mixer, a phase reverser, means for applying energy of each rectangular input pulse to said phase reverser, means for applying the output of said phase reverser to said mixer, means to apply the curved pulse output of said resistance-capacitance circuit to said mixer, whereby the reversed input pulse energy is combined algebraically with the curved pulse shape in opposite polarity to produce a negative pulse portion the leading edge of which corresponds to the leading edge of said rectangular input pulse and the trailing edge portion of which corresponds to the leading curved edge of said curved pulse, and a positive pulse portion the leading edge of which corresponds to the vertical trailing edge of said rectangular input pulse and the trailing edge of

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Manipulation Of Pulses (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
US514999A 1943-12-20 1943-12-20 Pulse generator Expired - Lifetime US2438910A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE474797D BE474797A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1943-12-20
US514999A US2438910A (en) 1943-12-20 1943-12-20 Pulse generator
ES0182177A ES182177A1 (es) 1943-12-20 1948-02-07 UN SISTEMA DE GENERACIoN DE IMPULSOS

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US514999A US2438910A (en) 1943-12-20 1943-12-20 Pulse generator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2438910A true US2438910A (en) 1948-04-06

Family

ID=24049577

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US514999A Expired - Lifetime US2438910A (en) 1943-12-20 1943-12-20 Pulse generator

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2438910A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE474797A (enrdf_load_html_response)
ES (1) ES182177A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2505542A (en) * 1943-12-30 1950-04-25 Gen Electric Triggered pulse generator
US2514369A (en) * 1948-04-09 1950-07-11 Maurice E Buchler Relative time difference indicating system
US2609501A (en) * 1946-01-03 1952-09-02 Jr George B Guthrie Pulse width discriminator circuit
US2659837A (en) * 1949-03-29 1953-11-17 Gen Electric Sweep linearity control circuit
US2680227A (en) * 1947-06-19 1954-06-01 Atomic Energy Commission Polaroscope
US2883530A (en) * 1954-09-30 1959-04-21 Bendix Aviat Corp Amplitude band selection circuit
US2952811A (en) * 1956-06-14 1960-09-13 Itt Modulation synchronizing pulse generator
US3056931A (en) * 1958-05-07 1962-10-02 Itt Transistorized generator of telephone ringing current
US3097339A (en) * 1959-08-19 1963-07-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Individually triggered pulse generators feeding a buffer adder to produce particular output waveforms

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2166688A (en) * 1937-12-18 1939-07-18 Rca Corp Television apparatus

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2166688A (en) * 1937-12-18 1939-07-18 Rca Corp Television apparatus

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2505542A (en) * 1943-12-30 1950-04-25 Gen Electric Triggered pulse generator
US2609501A (en) * 1946-01-03 1952-09-02 Jr George B Guthrie Pulse width discriminator circuit
US2680227A (en) * 1947-06-19 1954-06-01 Atomic Energy Commission Polaroscope
US2514369A (en) * 1948-04-09 1950-07-11 Maurice E Buchler Relative time difference indicating system
US2659837A (en) * 1949-03-29 1953-11-17 Gen Electric Sweep linearity control circuit
US2883530A (en) * 1954-09-30 1959-04-21 Bendix Aviat Corp Amplitude band selection circuit
US2952811A (en) * 1956-06-14 1960-09-13 Itt Modulation synchronizing pulse generator
US3056931A (en) * 1958-05-07 1962-10-02 Itt Transistorized generator of telephone ringing current
US3097339A (en) * 1959-08-19 1963-07-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Individually triggered pulse generators feeding a buffer adder to produce particular output waveforms

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES182177A1 (es) 1948-04-01
BE474797A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2275460A (en) Electron beam control apparatus
US2399135A (en) Frequency divider
US2538027A (en) Automatic and manual ranging circuits
US2438910A (en) Pulse generator
US2794123A (en) Electrical delay circuits
US2273163A (en) Electrical wave filter system
Sea An algebraic formula for amplitudes of intermodulation products involving an arbitrary number of frequencies
US2568319A (en) Electronic frequency divider apparatus employing delay circuits
US3187169A (en) Electronic resolver
US2413182A (en) Radio communication system
US3054062A (en) Phase discriminator
US2420200A (en) Deflecting circuit
US2688697A (en) Pulse stretcher circuit
US2649543A (en) Pulse selection
US2515195A (en) Pulse collecting method
US3394372A (en) Means for time-locking a receiver intermediate frequency blanking pulse to a transmitter pulse
US2572891A (en) Timing circuit
US2681411A (en) Linear sweep circuits
US2454810A (en) Radio transmitting and receiving system
US2975366A (en) Pulse width discriminator
US2721938A (en) Pulse generating means
US2824229A (en) Direct current potential generator
US3697877A (en) Methods and apparatus for generating electrical waveforms and quadraturephase trapezoidal and/or sinusoidal waveforms
US2495726A (en) Frequency dividing arrangement
US2582603A (en) Circuit for neutralization of frequency divider chains