US243851A - Furnace for the reduction of ores and for the carbonization and decarbonization of iron - Google Patents

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uw Model.) S. G. CLARK. l FURNACE POR THE 'REDUCTION 0F ORES AND FOR THE CARBONIZATION AND DBGARBQNIZATION o-P man..

No. 243,851. Patented July 5,1881. FjgJ. 1719.2. Mr l H2 x T 'x N. PETERS. FhumLithngnpher. wmhlngwn, ILC.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL G. CLARK, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO MORITZ M. FREED, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

FURNACE FOR THE REDUCTION 0F ORES AND FOR THE CARBONIZATION AND DECARBONIZATION OF IRON.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No, 243,851, dated July 5, 1881. Application filed March 22, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern: f

Be it known that I, SAMUEL G. CLARK, of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, haveinvented a certain new and useful Improvement in Furnaces for the Reduction of Ores and Carbonization and Decarbonization of Metals, of which the followingis a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had tothe accompanyingdrawings,forming part of this specification.

In the drawings, Figure l is a side view of the furnace. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of same through the center of the furnace. Fig. 3 is a detail vertical section of the upper end of the retort and inclosing stack or flue at right angles to the section shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section at mx, Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section at xm', Fig. 2. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section at x2 m2, Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is a horizontal section at 'w3 x3, Fig. 2.

A is' an air-supply flue, through which a part or all of the air may enter to supply the heating-furnace C. This uepasses through the arch B, on which the retortis supported, in an ascending portion, c, and a descending portion, a', then below the hearth d of the revcrberatory furnace D, and so into the ash-pit and up between the bars of furnace C.

c is the door of the furnace C, and el is the-'- 5 ber D.

G and G are rake-holes, through which material may be taken out of the retort. The rake-holes Gr and Gr would be closed except when articles arebein g removed through them.

The retort is made of material sufficiently refractory to resist injurious effects from heat. I prefer to make itin tubular sections f f f f2, of which the lower, f, may consist of graphite or other crucible material, the central, f', of fire-clay, and the upper section or sections, f2, of cast or wrought iron or other refractory material.

H is the luestack, supported on the base H', and built concentrically with the crucible or retort, so as to leave an annularchamber'or flue, I, between the retort and stack. The upper end of the stack should consist of a removable chimney-top, H2, whose removal leaves an aperture, through which the retort can be removed by sections. The stack may be built of lire-brick, or with a lining of fire-brick, or where a high heat is notrequired it may be built of ordinary brick.A

J is a metallic casing.

are bricks extending from the inner side of the stack for the side support of the retort. The arrangement is such that the retort, when heated,will be in contact, or nearly in contact, with the bricks. These bricks, in addition to their office to support the retort, serve to mix the ascending heated current and bring all portions of it in contact with the retort to insure the communication of heat more perfectly 0 1 to the same.

The annular chamber I is in communication with an annular chamber or flue, E', in the body or base H', said llue E being in communication with or forming part of the Hue E, leading from the reverberatory furnace.

E2 is a rake-hole communicating with the bottom of chamber E, and closed by a door, E3.

K is a hole by which the material is introduced into the upper part of the retort, said hole extending (see Fig. 3) through the side of the stack, and into the retort.

Opposite to the rake-hole Gr and the rakehole G are doorways Gr2 and G3 in the wall of the stack, to give access Ato the said holes G and G.

This furnace may be used for the reduction or roasting of ores, or for the carbonization of wrought-iron or decarbonization of cast-iron, or for the deoxidation or desulphurization of iron or other ores.

The operation is as follows: The material to be acted on is fed into the retort or crucibleF until it is filled. Then the reverberatory furnace D may be used as an ordinary puddlingfurnace until the operation is completed in the retort, or sufficiently advanced to allow a part of the charge to be drawn out. Supposin g the material in the retort or crucible to be deoxidized iron ore, rake-hole Cr and doorway G2 are opened, and sufficient material is taken from the bottom of the crucible to make a charge for the reverberator y furnace D, the material passing down through the chute or due ICO E from the Crucible. The metal is balled infurnace D and taken out to be hammered into a bloom. The crucble may be charged with scrap-iron to be carbonized by the admixtnre of carbonaceous material, as charcoal, 8vo., when the material in the bottom of the crucible is carbonized. A bed ot'liquid slagisprepared in the bottom ot' the furnace D and brought to the boiling-point-say 30000 Fahrenheit. The carbonized iron is raked from the bottom of the crucible and passes down chute E to the bottom of the furnace D, and its oxidation is prevented by the covering of slag. If the iron has absorbed one per cent. of carbon, it will melt at a temperature of 2500O Fahrenheit. It may be cast in ingots, (of caststeel.) Where there is a smaller percentage of carbon it forms a low grade of steel, and it can be Welded and hammered, in the same manner as iron, into a bloom.

If the apparatus is used to make malleableiron castings, the crucible is charged with the cast-iron articles and an oxide mixed with them for the decarbonization. As fast as the articles are decarbonized they are raked from the Crucible through hole G', andpass through flue E' and doorway E2 into an air-tight boX to cool. When a charge is drawn from the lower part of the crucible a like amount of casting is charged into the crucible at the door K.

The apparatus may be used for the reduction of copper, lead, and other ores.

In the use of the crucible as a retort for the elimination of sulphur and other impurities from ore the feed-hole K should be left open for the escape of' the same.

The retort F, flue I, and flue-stack H are shown and described as circular in form, (see Figs. 4 and 5;) but the form may be changed without any essential change in principle.

I claim as my invention- The combination of a reverberatory furnace provided with a flue and chute, E, a crucible or retort, F, and surrounding stack H, with ue interposed between in communication with chute or flue E, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination of body H', provided with air-flue A and flue and chute E, and the iiue-st-ack H and crucible F, with space for the ascent of the products of combustion between them.

3. lThe combination ofthe body H', provided with Hue A and chamber E', furnace C D, cruciblc F, and. flue-stack H', with line-space between the stack and crucible.

SAMUEL G. CLARK.

Witnesses:

SAML. KNIGHT, GEO. H. KNIGHT.

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