US2427203A - Bearing for vacuum tube work - Google Patents

Bearing for vacuum tube work Download PDF

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Publication number
US2427203A
US2427203A US593747A US59374745A US2427203A US 2427203 A US2427203 A US 2427203A US 593747 A US593747 A US 593747A US 59374745 A US59374745 A US 59374745A US 2427203 A US2427203 A US 2427203A
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Prior art keywords
glass
film
bearing
metallic
graphite
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Expired - Lifetime
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US593747A
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Sanford F Essig
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Farnsworth Television and Radio Corp
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Farnsworth Television and Radio Corp
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Priority to US593747A priority Critical patent/US2427203A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J21/00—Vacuum tubes
    • H01J21/02—Tubes with a single discharge path
    • H01J21/06—Tubes with a single discharge path having electrostatic control means only
    • H01J21/08—Tubes with a single discharge path having electrostatic control means only with movable electrode or electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H01J35/101—Arrangements for rotating anodes, e.g. supporting means, means for greasing, means for sealing the axle or means for shielding or protecting the driving
    • H01J35/1017—Bearings for rotating anodes
    • H01J35/104—Fluid bearings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/10—Drive means for anode (target) substrate
    • H01J2235/1046—Bearings and bearing contact surfaces
    • H01J2235/1066—Treated contact surfaces, e.g. coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49696—Mounting

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to electrode supports for vacuumtubes, and more particularly relates to devices for movably supporting electrodes in glass supports.
  • an unbalanced wheel may be turned by the action of gravity or a magnetic armature may be rotated by an external magnetic field thereby to move an electrode.
  • an unbalanced wheel may be turned by the action of gravity or a magnetic armature may be rotated by an external magnetic field thereby to move an electrode.
  • an electrode having a large aperture for another electrode having a small aperture in order to vary the cross-sectional area of an electron beam.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a bearing adapted to be mounted in a glass support.
  • apparatus for movably supporting an electrode in an evacuated vessel comprising a glass envelopaa metallic electrode support, a coating of lubricant film on a portion of the electrode support and a metallic sleeve in intimate contact with the lubricant film and a portion of the glass envelope.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view of two bearings embodying'the present invention and mounted in a glass envelope, while lit , shown by way of illustration and may be used for securing thereto the elements such, for example, as electrodes which it is desired to rotate.
  • a film ll of a suitable lubrL cant of low vapor pressure such, for example, as graphite or certain metals including silver or barium.
  • film Ii consists of graphite which is a good lubricant and has a low vapor pressure.
  • Graphite film ll may be applied as an aqueous suspension of graphite such as Aquadag. The aqueous graphite suspension may then be 5 dried, for instance, by heating rod 6, to form graphite film If.
  • glass can not be made to wet graphite film ii, it may be coated with a metal to form a tight fitting sleeve i2, the coating being preferably effected by plating graphite film H with a metal.
  • the metal of which sleeve i2 consists should have the same thermal coeilicient of expansion as glass support 3.
  • metallic sleeve l2 may, for instance, be made of platinum or Dumet which is a co per-clad nickel-copper alloy.
  • thermal .coeflicient of expansion of tungsten matches that of Pyrex as well as Nonex which are both hard glasses.
  • Kovar or Fernico and similar iron-alloy metals may be used in connection with a special seal glass sold in the trade under the name 0127052 glass.
  • Lubricant film ll preferably consists of graphite which has a very low vapor pressure and thus can not contaminate the vacuum tube. If graphite film ll would be embedded directly in glass; the glass would not wet the graphite and hence a close fit could not be obtained.
  • Apparatus for movably supporting an electrode in an evacuated vessel comprising a glass envelope, a metallic electrode support, a coating of lubricant film on a portion of said support, and a metallic sleeve in intimate contact with said film and a portion of said glass envelope.
  • Apparatus for movably supporting an electrode in an evacuated vessel comprising a glass envelope, a metallic electrode support having aportion provided with a circular groove, a coating of graphite film on said portion and said groove,
  • Apparatus for movably supporting an electrode in an evacuated vessel comprising a glass envelope, a metallic electrode support, a coating of graphite film on a portion of said support, and
  • Apparatus for movably supporting an electrode in an evacuated vessel comprising a glass envelope, a metallic electrode support having an end portion provided with a circular groove, a coating of graphite film on said groove, and a metallic film in intimate contact with said graphite film and a portion of said glass envelope, said metallic film and said glass envelope being chosen to have substantially the same thermal coefiicient of expansion.
  • the method of movably supporting a metallic electrode support in an evacuated glass envelope which comprises-the steps of coating a portion of said support with an aqueous suspension of graphite to form a graphite film, selecting a' metal having the same thermal coefficient of expansion as said glass envelope, plating said graphite film with said selected metal to form a metallic sleeve, heating said metallic sleeve and a portion of said glass envelope until said glass wets said metallic sleeve, and embedding said metallic sleeve in said portion of 'said glass'envelope to form a bond therewith.

Description

Sept. 9, 1947. s. F, ESSIG 2,427,203
BEARING FOR VACUUM TUBE WORK 7 Filed May 14, 1945 INVENTOR SANFORD E ESSIG ATTORNEY Patented Sept. 9, 1947 BEARING FOR, VACUUM TUBE WORK Sanford F. Essig, Fort Wayne, Ind., assignor to Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation, a corporation of Delaware Application May 14, 1945, Serial No. 593,747
Claims. (Cl. 308241) This invention relates generally to electrode supports for vacuumtubes, and more particularly relates to devices for movably supporting electrodes in glass supports.
It is frequently desirable to supply mechanical motion to certain electrodes of a vacuum tube. Thus, an unbalanced wheel may be turned by the action of gravity or a magnetic armature may be rotated by an external magnetic field thereby to move an electrode. In this manner it is possible to exchange, for example, in a cathode ray tube, one electrode having a large aperture for another electrode having a small aperture in order to vary the cross-sectional area of an electron beam. In certain types of X-ray tubes it is necessary to rotate the anode in order to presenta different area to the electron beam to prevent oven-heating of the anode. It may also. be desired to change the electron emission of a cathode in a vacuum tube or similar device by moving a shield in front of the cathode to. obscure a larger or smaller portion of the electron beam.
- It is conventional practice to provide most types of vacuum tubes with a glass envelope. Thus, the
problem arises 'of movably mounting an electrode support which usually consists of metal in the glass envelope of a vacuum tube. However, as
is well known, glass wets metals and, therefore,
forms a bond with the metal. Hence, it is very desirable to provide apparatus for movably suppoiting a metallic electrode in a glass envelope.
It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provides. novel, movable electrode support suitable for use in vacuum tubes and a method of manufacturingthe same.
A further object of the invention is to provide a bearing adapted to be mounted in a glass support.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided. apparatus for movably supporting an electrode in an evacuated vessel comprising a glass envelopaa metallic electrode support, a coating of lubricant film on a portion of the electrode support and a metallic sleeve in intimate contact with the lubricant film and a portion of the glass envelope.
For a better understanding of the invention, together with other and further objects thereof, reference is made to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.
In the accompanying "drawing, Fig. 1 is a sectional view of two bearings embodying'the present invention and mounted in a glass envelope, while lit , shown by way of illustration and may be used for securing thereto the elements such, for example, as electrodes which it is desired to rotate.
Bearing 5 without its glass support 3 is shown on enlarged scale in Fig. 2. In. accordance with the present invention, the free end portion of rod '6 is coated with a film ll of a suitable lubrL cant of low vapor pressure such, for example, as graphite or certain metals including silver or barium. Preferably, film Ii consists of graphite which is a good lubricant and has a low vapor pressure. Graphite film ll may be applied as an aqueous suspension of graphite such as Aquadag. The aqueous graphite suspension may then be 5 dried, for instance, by heating rod 6, to form graphite film If.
Since glass can not be made to wet graphite film ii, it may be coated with a metal to form a tight fitting sleeve i2, the coating being preferably effected by plating graphite film H with a metal. The metal of which sleeve i2 consists should have the same thermal coeilicient of expansion as glass support 3. Thus, when glass supports 2 and 3 consist of lead glass or lime glass, that is of soft glass, metallic sleeve l2 may, for instance, be made of platinum or Dumet which is a co per-clad nickel-copper alloy. The
thermal .coeflicient of expansion of tungsten. matches that of Pyrex as well as Nonex which are both hard glasses. Kovar or Fernico and similar iron-alloy metals may be used in connection with a special seal glass sold in the trade under the name 0127052 glass.
After graphite film II has been plated with metal to form sleeve or film l2, both metallic sleeve i 2 and its glass support such as 3 are heated until the glass wets metallic sleeve l2. metallic sleeve i2 is embedded in hot glass sup- Now port 3. After glass support 3 and metallic sleeve V! have cooled the glass forms a bond with metallic sleeve i2. Metallic rod 6 will now turn freely in its metallic sleeve l2, while graphite film ll acts as a lubricant. Circular grooves i and 8, which preferably are provided in rod 6, prevent rod 6 from moving axially in its bearings. It is also feasible to coat only circular grooves I and 8 with graphite film II and metallic sleeve H in which case grooves I and 8 provide the actual bearing. Bearing 4 may bemanufactured in the same manner as bearing 5.
A bearing of the type described will operate as well in a high vacuum as under atmospheric pressure. Lubricant film ll preferably consists of graphite which has a very low vapor pressure and thus can not contaminate the vacuum tube. If graphite film ll would be embedded directly in glass; the glass would not wet the graphite and hence a close fit could not be obtained.
While there' has been described what is at present considered the preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications k maybe made therein without departing from the invention, and it is, therefore, aimed in the appended claims to cover allsuch changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. Apparatus for movably supporting an electrode in an evacuated vessel comprising a glass envelope, a metallic electrode support, a coating of lubricant film on a portion of said support, and a metallic sleeve in intimate contact with said film and a portion of said glass envelope.
2. Apparatus for movably supporting an electrode in an evacuated vessel comprising a glass envelope, a metallic electrode support having aportion provided with a circular groove, a coating of graphite film on said portion and said groove,
and a metallic sleeve in intimate contact with.
said film and a portion of aid glass envelope.
3. Apparatus for movably supporting an electrode in an evacuated vessel comprising a glass envelope, a metallic electrode support, a coating of graphite film on a portion of said support, and
- '4 a metallic sleeve in intimate contact with said film and a portion of said glass envelope, said metallic sleeve and said glass envelope being chosen to have'substantially the same thermal coefiicient of expansion.
4. Apparatus for movably supporting an electrode in an evacuated vessel comprising a glass envelope, a metallic electrode support having an end portion provided with a circular groove, a coating of graphite film on said groove, and a metallic film in intimate contact with said graphite film and a portion of said glass envelope, said metallic film and said glass envelope being chosen to have substantially the same thermal coefiicient of expansion.
5. The method of movably supporting a metallic electrode support in an evacuated glass envelope which comprises-the steps of coating a portion of said support with an aqueous suspension of graphite to form a graphite film, selecting a' metal having the same thermal coefficient of expansion as said glass envelope, plating said graphite film with said selected metal to form a metallic sleeve, heating said metallic sleeve and a portion of said glass envelope until said glass wets said metallic sleeve, and embedding said metallic sleeve in said portion of 'said glass'envelope to form a bond therewith.
SANFORD F. ESSIG.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number 7, Name Date 1,016,320 Burnside Feb. 6, 1912 2,364,290 Hanson Dec. 5, 1944 2,315,280 Skehan et al Mar. 30, 1943
US593747A 1945-05-14 1945-05-14 Bearing for vacuum tube work Expired - Lifetime US2427203A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2649651A (en) * 1947-12-22 1953-08-25 Thomspon Products Inc Method of forming a composite bearing
US2664516A (en) * 1950-08-19 1953-12-29 Zimmer Theodor Electrical high-vacuum discharge tube
US2690004A (en) * 1949-09-14 1954-09-28 Edward Valves Inc Method of manufacturing joints
US2700209A (en) * 1950-02-15 1955-01-25 Michigan Powdered Metal Produc Process of making self-aligning powdered metal bearings
US2728975A (en) * 1949-12-27 1956-01-03 Potter Lee Russell Method for making two piece rod end bearings
US2825838A (en) * 1953-06-04 1958-03-04 Csf Electron sources
US3363300A (en) * 1964-10-27 1968-01-16 Charles Leon Stec Sr. Method of making gas lubricated bearings
US3646380A (en) * 1968-08-17 1972-02-29 Philips Corp Rotating-anode x-ray tube with a metal envelope and a frustoconical anode
WO2004067248A3 (en) * 2003-01-27 2005-05-06 Anthony Medeiros Lubrication free connection

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1016320A (en) * 1911-04-29 1912-02-06 George Barnhill Burnside Method of hermetically sealing electrical conductors through or into hard vitreous substances.
US2315280A (en) * 1939-03-10 1943-03-30 Machlett Lab Inc Vacuum tube apparatus
US2364290A (en) * 1943-03-01 1944-12-05 Walter C Hanson Bearing

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1016320A (en) * 1911-04-29 1912-02-06 George Barnhill Burnside Method of hermetically sealing electrical conductors through or into hard vitreous substances.
US2315280A (en) * 1939-03-10 1943-03-30 Machlett Lab Inc Vacuum tube apparatus
US2364290A (en) * 1943-03-01 1944-12-05 Walter C Hanson Bearing

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2649651A (en) * 1947-12-22 1953-08-25 Thomspon Products Inc Method of forming a composite bearing
US2690004A (en) * 1949-09-14 1954-09-28 Edward Valves Inc Method of manufacturing joints
US2728975A (en) * 1949-12-27 1956-01-03 Potter Lee Russell Method for making two piece rod end bearings
US2700209A (en) * 1950-02-15 1955-01-25 Michigan Powdered Metal Produc Process of making self-aligning powdered metal bearings
US2664516A (en) * 1950-08-19 1953-12-29 Zimmer Theodor Electrical high-vacuum discharge tube
US2825838A (en) * 1953-06-04 1958-03-04 Csf Electron sources
US3363300A (en) * 1964-10-27 1968-01-16 Charles Leon Stec Sr. Method of making gas lubricated bearings
US3646380A (en) * 1968-08-17 1972-02-29 Philips Corp Rotating-anode x-ray tube with a metal envelope and a frustoconical anode
WO2004067248A3 (en) * 2003-01-27 2005-05-06 Anthony Medeiros Lubrication free connection
US6893159B1 (en) * 2003-01-27 2005-05-17 Christopher Eugene Hosmer Lubrication free connection
US20050238270A1 (en) * 2003-01-27 2005-10-27 Hosmer Christopher E Lubrication free connection

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