US2421500A - Registering punch - Google Patents

Description

June 3, 1947. R. M. HAFF REGISTERING PUNCH Filed Sept. 29, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Flat.

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June 3, 1947. R. M. HAFF REGISTERING PUNCH Filed Sept. 29, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Q L l w a r mm ifi w 6 Patented June 3, 1947 REGISTERING PUNCH Richard M. Hafl, Binghamton, N. Y., asslgnor to General Aniline & Film Corporation, 'New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application September 29, 1944, Serial No. 556,325

12 Claims.

This application concerns an invention in a punch for perforating negatives during the registration of them as is commonly practiced in certain types of color photography. In the production of color photographs by the so-called color separation negative process, a plurality of negatives are employed and each of those negatives is printed with its own particular color of light. A special printing frame is employed for the purpose and that printing frame is provided with projectin pins or other projecting means for retaining the printing paper and each of the negatives in proper position so that the, image on each of these negatives may be printed in exact registry with that printed on each of the other negatives in the group. In my copending application Serial No, 533,859, filed May 3, 1944, a printing frame has been disclosed such as might advantageously be used for printing color separation negatives. That particular printing frame is also provided-with means for perforating the negatives in registry. In using a punch of the type herein disclosed and claimed, it is not necessary to register or punch the negatives as in the application above identified. The frame may serve to print only.

According to the system herein to be described, when each of the color separation negatives is made, a series of indicating marks, generally referred to hereinafter as registering or locating marks or indicia, are photographed or otherwise caused to appear on the negative in such a manner that they bear an identical dimensional relationship to the photographed or printed image on each of the series of negatives. In the event the negatives are prepared by photographinga subject, one or more strips of paper having thereon one or more crosses or other suitable marks are so positioned that they will be photographed closely adjacent the edge or margin of the negative. If the separation negatives are prepared from another negative, the same general scheme is applied, that is, the negative or photographic transparency from which the separation negatives are made is provided with similar indicat ing marks adjacent the margin and properly located so as to actas a guide for perforating the separation negatives so that they may conveniently and accurately engage the projecting pins on the printing frame. I v

i The subject matter of this application actually involves a punch for perforating the negatives at those indicating marks photographed thereon. The punch is especially adapted to this purpose in that it has provision for first clamping 7 2 the negative and thereafter, upon further movement of the operating handle, will perforate'that negative at the properly positioned indicating mark. In addition to the convenience and certainty with which this punch is adapted to be operated, it incorporates an optical magnifying instrument by which the indicating mark may be viewed and centered properly with respect to the center of the punch and die. The magnifying means for viewing the mark is also so constructed as to allow observation of the centered mark until the negative is clamped in position for perforating and also during the actual punching or perforating thereof.

The invention is herein described by reference to one specific embodiment thereof, and by reference to the accompanying figures of drawing in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the punch.

Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section taken through the punch.

Fig. 3 is a section taken at line 3-3, Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a section taken at line 44, Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a negative punched at each end of one margin thereof.

Fig. 6 is a detailed view of one corner of a negative such as shown in Fig. 5, showing-the indic'ating marks before perforating,

Fi 7 is a. section taken at line 1-1, Fig. 2.

Now referring to Figs. 1 and 2 the punch in the preferred embodiment herein disclosed is built up about a frame member and a vertically slideable tube. The frame member, generally indicated by numeral ID, has a circular tube guiding portion H, an upright handle or support l2, and base l3. The base is provided with three or more rubber pads H on which it is adapted torest, and has its top surface ground or otherwise machined to present a smooth, flattened surface against which the' negative or other material to be perforated may be placed. The base I3 has cooperating therewith a clamping member I 5 hinged at It and adapted, when forced downwardly, to clamp or frictionally retain the negative in position to be perforated. Referring to Fig. 3, the upright or handle. portion [2 of the frame widens outwardly at the pivot it to serve as a bearing for that element. The clamping member [5 is forked to engage at either side of the central, pivotal support and, of course, the

pivot itself may be fixed against endwise movement. Preferably. it is fixed in one or the other of the elements 12- or IE. It may merely have a relatively tight fit in one or the other, or may be retained in position by a pin or set screw.

Member I5 is normally urged upwardly by a spring or springs retained within drilled holes in the member I5 and in the base I3. The base has a die opening l8 into which the die member of the punch is adapted to fit. The clamping member l5 has a hole IS in alignment with the die opening l8 but relatively larger in diameter and through which the die projects.

The die and magnifying means constitute a unitary structure when assembled and are adapted to slide vertically as guided by the circular portion H of the frame casting. That casting is bored out centrally of the guiding portion H and centrally of the die opening l8. In other words, the bore of the frame casting within which the vertically slidable tube is adapted to be moved, is concentric with the die opening IS. The tube 20 is a slidable fit within the bore of the casting and has threaded at its lower end the die or punch 2| of reduced diameter compared to the tube 20. At its lower end, it engages as a die within the opening I8. That end of the tube 2| is accordingly ground as a cutting instrument for cooperation within the opening l8.

While it might be suflicient to view the indicia or marks on the negative with the naked eye, especially when the punch is lighted from beneath the die opening l8, it is preferable that they be magnified. That makes it possible to obtain considerably more accuracy in centering the perforating mechanism for the purpose described,

one particular magnifying device is herein shown comprising as one element, an achromatic lens or objective mounted in a suitable holder 26, threaded or otherwise retained at the lower end of the tube 20. The lens 25 may be cemented into the holder 26 or may be clamped therein by a threaded retaining ring (not shown).

At the top of the tube 20 is slidably held a tube or sleeve 21. This sleeve mounts an eye piece 28, plano-convex lenses 29 and 29', and a plane glass 30' having cross hair lines etched or otherwise formed thereon. The optical system of the instrument may vary in respects so long as the general principle of the invention is observed. It is, in effect the optical system of a low power microscope.

Movement of the sleeve 21 within the tube 20 makes it possible to focus the instrument. The sleeve is frictionally held in an adjusted position.

For actuating the punch, a forked arm or lever 30 is pivoted at 3| within a slot in the vertically extended handle member l2. The lower part of that member 30 extends down within the opening in the vertical support member and is adapted to be gripped and squeezed toward the handle l2 thereby pushing the tube 20 downwardly against springs hereinafter to be described. The force is transmitted by forked ends of the handle 30 engaged above a collar 3| which is shrunk onto the tube 20, or in any other manner fixed thereon to resist the force employed in moving the tube downwardly. A leaf spring 32 urges the handle 30 in one direction as indicated in the figures of drawing.

The tube 20 and all attached parts are retained in elevated position by means of a spring 33 which abuts against the lower side of the enlarged part of die member 2| and the upper surface of clamping member l5, and, of course, spring IT. The relative strength of springs I1, 32 and 33 is important. Spring H, or a plurality of such springs if a single one is insufficient, must possess necessary strength to raise clamping member l5, tube 20 and its attached parts and to swing the lever 30 against the tension of spring 32 until the upper face of that portion of die 2| which is threaded to the lower end of tube 20 stops against the underside of the adjacent portion of the frame. 0! course, in addition, the strength of the spring or springs should be sufllcient to cause a slight resistance to be offered to the movement of the operating handle 30. The spring 33 should be relatively stronger than spring I! so that upon downward movement of the tube 20, there shall be practically no deflection of spring 33 until after spring Il has compressed allowing the clamping member I5 to descend into contact with the negative or other material to be punched. Of course, spring 33 must have greater relative strength than spring 12 so that when moved upwardly, spring 33 is compressed slightly, if at all, while spring 32 should be capable of being flexed rather easily. After the negative is clamped, further pressure on the operating handle 30 should continue to move the tube 20 downwardly until the die member 2| engages the material to be perforated, and until it actually enters within the die l8 perforating the material and pushing the circular punching out through that opening. Spring 33 should not be unduly strong since it is desired to keep at a minimum the force to be applied at the operating handle. 7

The size of the die II is preferably as small as practicable without constricting the opening therein to an extent which would interfere with the observation of the marks on the negative.

The handle l2 and lever 30 exemplify one means by which the tube 20 and the die may be projected downwardly to perforate the negative or other material. Other systems of leverage may b employed and their use is contemplated although it is quite clear all such systems cannot and need not be illustrated in this particular case. The design of the punch as herein shown is based upon a frame member produced by casting. That is not at all necessary, and that frame member may be built up from a series of separate elements which may be cast, or it may be fabricated from separate parts of pressed steel or other material.

In operation, it is to be assumed that the negatives to be registered have been produced by some one of the known methods and that in that process, registering marks or indicia have been photographed or otherwise caused to appear as a permanent part of or addition to the image on each negative. Those marks, of course, bear the identical relationship to the photographic image on each negative as they do on each of the other negatives. In Fig. 5 a negative N is illustrated having thereon a photographic image, and in the above-mentioned relation thereto, a series of registering marks in the form of crosses. This particular negative has been perforated, the perforations being made at the second one of a series of four crosses at either end.

Now referring to Fig. 6, which is in effect an enlarged view of the corner of negative N, the series of four crosses is shown prior to perforation. The crosses vary in the weight of line of which they are constituted, that at the left hand side being made from a relatively fine line and, of course, each cross being slightly heavier proceeding toward the heaviest at the extreme right. The original crosses or marks photographed on the negative are thus formed so as to present indicia of which the photographer may choose that best suited to his purpose and to the magnifying power of the instrument. This variation in the weight of line employed in the marks photographed makes it more likely that, no matter what the exposure or development for that particular negative maybe, one of the marks will eventually be found suitable for its intended purpose.

As herein shown, the second of each series of marks has been perforated. The distance between the series of marks is standardized in so far as possible, and, of course, that distance corresponds to the spacing of the locating pins on the printing frame or other printing means upon which each of these color separation negatives is eventually to be printed by application of its own particular color of light. The punch is of circular cross section, and accordingly, provision must be made for slight inaccuracies in the spacing of both the perforated holes and of the pins on the printing means. For that purpose one of the pins on the printing means should be of a type rendering it adjustable relatively to the other and. therefore, making it unnecessary to resort to more than ordinary accuracy in the placing of the series of marks which are to be photographed. Of course, once they have been positioned, the relationship which they bear to the image being photographed should not be changed for that particular set or series.

After it is decided which of the series of registering marksis best adapted to use, the margin of the negative is inserted so that that mark will come in a position more or less central with the opening l8. The operator may employ light from beneath the opening l8 or general illumination within the room may be sufficient. Upon observing the mark on the negative beneath the cross hair lines on the glass 30, the negative is moved about until those lines coincide exactly. A slight pressure on the lever 3i! will first move the tube 20 downwardly, and since spring 33 is stronger thanspring I! the clamping member I! will be lowered into contact with the negative. It will then be held in position and upon further movement of the operating lever, the tube and die may be moved downwardly compressing spring 33 until the die has sheared out of the negative a circular opening corresponding to the internal diameter of opening l8. That is then repeated at the opposite side of the negative and also for the other negatives of that series. The paper'upon which the print is to be made is punchediat appropriate points, either by use of the instrument herein described or by any other means adapted to perforate it with holes of the a same diameter. The precise location of the holes in the paper is not important except for the distance between them.

While one method of lighting the negative during placement of the same prior to clamping and perforating is by projecting a light up through the opening it, the instrument may be con-- structed with a light arranged internally of the tube 20 and adapted to have its rays projected downwardly through the lens 25. Such an illuminating means may be provided with an incandescent lamp. connected by suitable wiring to an electrical outlet. According to another form of the invention, illumination may be furnished by a built-in light unit comprising a small flash lamp type battery and bulb such as are to be frequently found in certain types of microscopes or other magnifying devices.

While one embodiment of .the invention has been disclosed, it is to be understood that the inventive concept may be carried out in a number of ways. This application is, therefore, not to be limited to the precise details described but is intended to cover all variations and modifications thereof following within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the claims.

I claim: a

l. A punch for use in registering negatives for photographic printing including in combination means for clamping a negative in place, means for perforating the clamped negative, and optical, magnifying means in axial co-alignment with said perforating means having reference in-' dicia therein with which to register indicia on the negative, thereby to position the negative for punching, said magnifying means and perforating means being movable as a unit for performing the perforating function.

2. A punch for use in registering negatives for photographic printing including in combination a base, a clamping member between which and the base a negative may be held, a die opening in the base, a punch movable into said die opening, said punch being tubular and having in axial co-alignment therewith optical, magnifying means and indicating marlm for alignment with indicia on negatives to be registered, said punch and optical, magnifying means being movable as a unit for performing the perforating function.

3. A punch for use in registering negatives for photographic printing including in combination a base, a support extending upwardly from said base, a clamping plate hinged to said support and a tubular member vertically slidable within said support, said tubular member having at its lower end a die engageable and cooperating with a die opening in said base and also carrying an optical, magnifying means, an operating lever for moving said tube and die downwardly and spring means and cooperating with a die opening in the base,

a clearance hole in said clamping member through which the die projects, spring means for maintaining said clamping member in elevated position and other spring means for maintaining said tube and die in raised position, a lever by which said tube may be forced downwardly thereby to cause the die to enter the die opening, optical means disposed within said tube including magnifying means and a transparent window having registering marks scribed on a surface thereof.

5. A punch for use in registering negatives for photographic printing including in combination a base, an upright member extending from said base and comprising a handle and a tube guiding portion, clamping means underlying said base, a die and an extending tube for carrying said die, said tube being slidable within said guiding por: tion, operating means associated with said handle for forcing said tube and die downwardly, a die opening in said base within which said die is adapted to project when moved downwardly, and

window, and magnifying means including a low powered microscope system and an eye piece.

6. A punch for use in registering negatives for photographic printing including in combination a base, an upwardly extending support having as' parts thereof a handle and a cylindrical, guiding portion, a clamping member pivoted adjacent said upwardly extending support and spring means by which said clamping member is normally maintained in elevated position, a tube slidable vertically within said cylindrical, guiding portion of the vertical support, said tube having connected at its lower end a die, a die opening within said base and within which said die is adapted to engage, a clearance opening in said clamping member through which said die projects, an operating lever pivoted at said handle and having forked extensions engageable with a collar adjacent the upper end of said tube, optical means for viewing marks on a negative to be punched, including a convergent achromatic lens at the lower end of the tube, a sleeve adjustable within the upper end of the tube carrying an eye piece at its outer end, piano-convex lenses and a plane glass window with cross hair lines thereon mounted within the sleeve. and a spring between said clamping member and die, the strength of said spring and that spring for elevating the clamping member being such that upon downward movement of the tube and die, the clamping member will first move into clamping relationship with respect to the base and thereafter said tube and die will continue to move until said dle has entered the die opening.

7. A punch for use in registering negatives for photographic printing including in combination a supporting frame having as one part thereof a die opening, a member movable as a unit and carrying a die for engagement with said opening and in axial co-alignment therewith, and optical magnifying means for viewing that part of a negative to be perforated.

8. A punch for use in registering negatives for photographic printing including in combination a base, an upwardly extending support having as parts thereof a handle and a cylindrical, guiding portion, a clamping member pivoted adjacent said upwardly extending support and a compression spring retained within said member and base by which said clamping member is normally maintained in elevated position, a tube slidable vertically within said cylindrical, guiding portion of the vertical support, said tube having connected at its lower end an extension, said extension being formed as a die at itslowermost extremity, and being hollow and recessed adjacent that end employed as a die, operating means includin a lever pivoted at said handle and forked to engage at either side of and above a collar fixed to said tube, optical magnifying means contained within said tube and comprising a. positive lens and an eye piece, a spring between said clamping member and the extension having suflicient tension to overcome the resist,- ance offered by the compression spring retained within the base and clamping member, but permitting downward movement of the die after the clamping member has reached its extent of travel. 9. A punch for use in registering negatives for photographic printing including in combination a member having therein a die opening, a tube axially aligning with said die opening, a die carried by and movable with the tube, optical magnifying means housed within the tube, means for resiliently maintaining said tube in a position to withdraw the die from the opening and other means to move it against the tension of said resilient means.

10. A punch for use in registering negatives for photographic printing including in combination a. base, a pivotedclamp member, a die opening in said base, a tube axially aligning with said die opening, a die carried by and movable with the tube, optical magnifying means housed within the tube, means for resiliently maintaining said tube in a position to withdraw the die from the opening and other means to move it against the tension of said resilient means.

11. A punch of the type described which includes in combination means for clamping material to be perforated, means for perforating said material, and optical, magnifying means in axial co-alignment with said perforating means, having reference indicia with which to register indicia on the material to be perforated, thereby to position it, said magnifying means and perforating means being axially movable as a unit for performing the perforating function.

12. A punch of the type described which includes in combination a. base, a clamping member, a die openin in said base, a tube axially aligning with said die opening, a die carried by and movable with the tube, optical magnifying means within the tube, means for resiliently maintaining said tube in a position to withdraw the die from the opening and other means to move it against the tension of said resilient means.

' RICHARD M. HAFF.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

'UNITED STATES PATENTS

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