US2421273A - Ultra high frequency electric discharge device - Google Patents

Ultra high frequency electric discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2421273A
US2421273A US477065A US47706543A US2421273A US 2421273 A US2421273 A US 2421273A US 477065 A US477065 A US 477065A US 47706543 A US47706543 A US 47706543A US 2421273 A US2421273 A US 2421273A
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electrons
discharge device
conductor
high frequency
cavity
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Expired - Lifetime
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US477065A
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English (en)
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James M Lafferty
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Priority to BE479160D priority Critical patent/BE479160A/xx
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US477065A priority patent/US2421273A/en
Priority to US607113A priority patent/US2443917A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2421273A publication Critical patent/US2421273A/en
Priority to FR953659D priority patent/FR953659A/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/22—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone
    • H01J25/24—Reflex klystrons, i.e. tubes having one or more resonators, with a single reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the modulator zone in which the electron stream is in the axis of the resonator or resonators and is pencil-like before reflection

Definitions

  • My invention relates to high frequency electric discharge devices and systems and more particularly to ultra high frequency electric discharge devices of the space resonant type employing velocity modulation principles.
  • .It is a further object of my invention to pro-v vide a new and improved reflex type velocity modulation discharge device.
  • a further feature of my invention relates to the construction of an ultra high frequency device wherein the enclosing envelope is of metallic nature which not only encloses the electrodes in an evacuated space but also serves as a means for supporting at its top externally accessible frequency controlling or adjusting means.
  • anode construction which is provided with a relatively large central opening of annular configuration defining a space resonant region or cavity, and which is provided with a deformable metallic tuning diaphragm which controls the operating frequency of the device and which is operated by the aforementioned externally accessible controlling means.
  • the anode structure is provided with an inwardly extending entrance part which may be of frustroconical form and which provides within the cavity a narrowly defined velocity modulation gap.
  • the electron beam, produced by the anode structure and an associated thermionic cathode traverses acentral aperture of the conical entrance initial passage through the space resonant cavity.
  • Fig. 9 shows in cross-sectional view a socket arrangement for receivingthe discharge device, base terminals or prongs for adaptation to an ultrahigh frequency system such as a dielectric wave guide.
  • Fig. 10 is an enlarged diagrammatic sketch showingapos sible distribution of equipotential lines of force in the retarding and reversing regions of the discharge device, and which also illustrates the paths of electrons having different amounts of energy and the probable paths of such electrons.
  • Fig; 11 shows the manner of variation of the radio frequency or the ultra high frequency modulating voltage which appears across the modulating gap within the space resonant cavity. 7
  • an ultra high frequency electric discharge device comprisin an enclosing envelope I, preferably of rigid construction, comprisinga metal such as iron, and which defines at least in part an evacuated space within which are positioned the various elements or electrodes of the discharge device described hereinafter.
  • the envelope l is supportedby and sealed to a base member 2' which comprises a flanged metallic part 3 provided with an annular trough in which the lower end of envelope l is seated and which omams a suitable sealing means such as a solder 4.
  • a plurality of prongs or terminal posts 5912, inclusive, are supported by an insulating part I3 of base member 2 in insulated relation and which serve as externally accessible contacts for the electrodes of the discharge device. Only six of the aforementioned terminal posts are visible in the views shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • orientation protuberance for guiding the insertion of base member 2 and the terminal posts into an associated socket is provided and is preferably centrally located.
  • the orientation protuberance may comprise a tubular extension 14 of insulating material formed integral with part l3 and havin a central opening through which extends a concentric transmission line comprisin an inner conductor l5 and an outer tubular conductor I6, which is sealed to the top surface of part 3.
  • the transmission line just described is terminated near its upper end by means of a sealing insulator l1 within conductor I'B and which not only serves as mechanical support and positioning means for the inner conductor 15, but also serves as the means for sealing these elements to maintain the desired degree of evacuation within the envelope of the discharge device.
  • a thermionic cathode which may be of the indirectly heated type comprising a, metallic cylinder [8, preferably coated on the exterior of the upper closed end with an electron emissive material, such as an alkaline earth metal, to serve as a source of electrons.
  • a cathode heating element 19 is centrally positioned within the cylinder l8 and is supplied with energizin current through a pair of conductors 20 and 2
  • Conductor 2 is connected to terminal post H.
  • the disk 25 is provided with a plurality of annularly spaced apertures 28-34, inclusive, which are employed and adapted to receive assembly bolts or to permit the passage therethrough of conductors described hereinafter.
  • the disk 25 is provided with a recess 35 which is in communication with the space resonant cavity 2'. through a radial opening 36 preferably of circular cross section, and which houses one end of a concentric transmission line shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and illustrated in detail in Figs. 7 and 8.
  • I provide an entrance part 31 preferably constructed of metal, such as copper, and which is adapted to be seated in a recess in the bottom face of disk 25.
  • the entrance part 31 comprises a conical member 38 having a tapered aperture 39 through which the electron beam passes and which defines with a boundary of the space resonant cavity 21 a velocity modulating gap 40 for the electrons constituting the beam.
  • control electrode means for establishing electron repelling and retarding electric fields which may take the form of a pair of disks 46 and 41 which are insulated from each other and from the anode structure comprising disk 25 by means of annular dielectric washers 58 and 49, the latter disk being provided with a central aperture 50 to permit the passage of electrons therethrough into the region defined between disks 46 and 4?.
  • I provide a pair of conductors 5i and 52, shown in Fig. 2, which extend through apertures SI and 29 of anode disk 25 and are positioned or terminated in apertures provided by the first mentioned disks.
  • Conductor 5i extends through disk 4?, but not in electrical engagement therewith, and is terminated in disk 46, while conductor 52 is terminated in disk 3?.
  • This detail of construction is illustrated in Fig. 2 wherein conductors 5i and 52 are shown connected to lead-in wires 53 and 5 3 which are connected to terminal posts 8 and lil, respectively.
  • I provide a focusing electrode means which may comprise a flanged cylinder 55 shown in Fig, 1, the flanged part which serves as the supporting portion being electrically insulated from the anode disk 25 by mean of an insulating spacer 55.
  • a suitable negative focusing potential i may be impressed on cylinder 55 by means of a conductor 5'? which is seated in an aperture of the flanged part of the cylinder and which is connected to terminal post 12 through lead-in wire 58.
  • I provide a curved ultra high frequency concentric transmission line which extends from the cavity 2? to the base member 2 to facilitate external connection to the device.
  • the concentric transmission line comprises an inner conductor 59, an outer tubular conductor 6B separated by a pulverized insulator, such as a vitreous material 6
  • the inner conductor 59 extends into the cavity 21 and serves as an output electrode means and may take the form of a loop 62, whereby the transmission line is coupled to the cavity.
  • a sealing structure of deformable character which may comprise a metallic bellows 69 which is welded or soldered to the inner surface of envelope l and which is welded or soldered to a metallic cup Hi which in turn is sealed to the outer surface of rod 66.
  • I provide a Vernier adjustment ll for the actuating rod 66 where, upon actuation, the rod 66 is moved to position the diaphragm ii in minutely determinable degrees to obtain a desired control in the operating frequency of the device.
  • the actuating rod 66 may be hollow, having an opening 12 extending longitudinall", thereby providing an evacuation channel or tubulation for the discharge device which after evacuation may be sealed at its top.
  • I employ suitable mechanical engaging means which may comprise a plurality of bolt and nut assemblies 13-16, inclusive, which are shown in the plan view in Fig. 3. Also shown in that figure are a plurality of gettering means which may include a vaporizable material supported by metallic strips and which is flashed during the evacuation process in order to absorb occluded gases.
  • a plurality of gettering means which may include a vaporizable material supported by metallic strips and which is flashed during the evacuation process in order to absorb occluded gases.
  • I may employ getters carried by metallic strips 77, I8 and 19 which are supported by a plurality of vertical conductors 83, SI and 32 shown in Fig. 4 and which are connected to three terminal posts supported by base member 2.
  • the conductors 88-82, inclusive extend through the anode disk and are insulated therefrom by suitable glass insulators such as glass-to-metal seals 83, 84 and 85, a longitudinal view of seal 85 being shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the discharge device shown in Fig. 1 and represents the arrangement of some of the conductors, particularly the connections to the cathode.
  • conductor 86 which serves as the other lead-in conductor for the cathode heating element l3; this conductor is attached to the same metallic part of the anode structure as conductor 20 (Fig. 2) and thus completes a circuit to element l9.
  • Conductors 2E! and 86 serve as a cathode connection,
  • the method of making and forming the concentric transmission line comprising conductors in? and 653 to assume the curved configuration shown in Fig. 8, without establishing excessively high voltage gradients between the conductors at the points of curvature and to minimize refiections, may be more readily appreciated by referring to Figs. 7 and 8.
  • the concentric transmission line is initially constructed using straight conductors, and an insulating body in solid form, such as a vitreous or quartz tube, is placed between conductors 59 and 68.
  • the vitreous tube insulator 87 may be manipulated in the manufacturing process in a number of ways,
  • the vitreous tube maybe fused to the inner conductor 59 and formed to have a charm eter to permit insertion Within the outer tubular conductor Ell.
  • the inner conductor 59 may be inserted in a longitudinal opening in the quartz tube 81 and the assembly inserted within the outer conductor 60.
  • the concentric transmission line assembly shown in Fig. 7 is swaged to efiect thorough pulverization of the quartz tube so that it constitutes after the swaging operation finely divided particles readily susceptible of assuming an even distribution within the outer conductor 58.
  • the next step comprises the deformation or bending of the transmission line assembly into the configuration desired. Where it is desired to obtain a U-shaped configuration, such as that shown in Fig. 8, for adaptation in the discharge device shown in Fig. 1, pressure may be exerted in succession or simultaneously at appropriate positions to bend the line assembly.
  • Electric discharge devices built in accordance with my invention are susceptible of great freedom and flexibility of application to ultra high frequency systems.
  • the electric discharge device as a whole may be readily positioned in an appropriately designed socket to effect simultaneous connection to the terminal posts and to the concentric transmission line outlet.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates one arrangement for connecting an electric discharge device of the type shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to an ultra high frequency transmission system which comprises a dielectric wave guide 83 of the hollow pipe type defined by a plurality of conductive or metallic members through which electromagnetic waves may be propagated,
  • a terminal box 89 may be seated directly on the top surface of the wave guide and is provided with a tubular inlet channel 90 for conductors which are to be connected to prongs 9
  • a contact assembly 93 adapted to make electrical contact with the concentric transmission line comprising conductors l5 and 18,
  • the assembly comprises a tubular member 9 provided with a flanged part 95 which is seated on the upper surface of the bottom plate of the terminal box and which is provided near its top with a plurality of annularly spaced resilient contact fingers 86 adapted to receive the lower portion of the outer conductor I6 and to maintain firm electrical contact therewith.
  • An inner conductor Q! is adapted to contact inner conductor l5, thereby completing the connection of the high frequency concentric line in the orientation protuberance M to the transmission line constituting the tubular member 94 and conductor 91.
  • Conductor ill at its uppermost part may be hollow providing an opening, the inside diameter of which is sufiicient to permit the insertion of the inner conductor [5 therein and to engage closely the latter to establish electrical connection to the ultra high frequency system.
  • Conductor 91 may be maintained in the desired central position by means of an annular insulator 58, A portion of the conductor 97 serves as excitation means or electrode means for establishing the energization of the wave guide and may take the form illustrated in Fig. 9 Where it extends completely through the guide and is terminated in a tuning plunger assembly 99 comprising an outer tubular conductor I60 and a vertically positionable plunger It! having a plurality of resilient fingers to engage the inner surface of conductor I90.
  • Vertical movement of plunger Hill may be effected by means of an adjusting means m2 which is connected to plunger lfll through a hollow cylinder H13. Additional tuning means comprising a plunger HM may also be associated with the wave guide and this plunger in turn may be operated by the adjusting means I95.
  • the electric discharge device is of the velocity modulation type wherein the electron beam is velocity modulated periodically so that successive groups of electrons are alternately accelerated and decelerated, tending to group the electrons in the beam after the beam has traversed the velocity modulation gap.
  • the particular form of electric discharge device described above operates in accordance with reflex principles.
  • a negative potential with respect to cathode cylinder I8 is impressed on the focusing cylinder 55 which tends to restrict the size of the electron beam, confining it to a relatively small transverse area in order that a large percentage of the electrons pass through the space resonant cavity 21 through the conical part 33.
  • cavity 21 will be set in oscillation and there will be established across the modulating gap 40 an alternating ultra high frequency potential incident to the electromagnetic field within the cavity 21.
  • is positivewith respect to the conical part 33 will undergo an acceleration.
  • the potential of the retarding electrode 41 may also be negative with respect to the cathode as well as being negative to the anode structure,
  • the distance which the electrons proceed in their paths beyond diaphragm M is a function of the kinetic energy of each electron. It is well understood that the energy of an electron may be referred to a voltage which will accelerate the electron to a particular velocity establishing that amount of kinetic energy, and consequently the kinetic energy of the electrons may be referred to a retarding field which is just sufficient to stop the motion of the electrons. The faster electrons obviously travel farther in this field, before they are stopped or reversed, than the slower electrons.
  • the probable paths of electrons within the fields produced by retarding electrode 4'! and repelling electrode 46 are represented by curves a, b and c in Fig. 10.
  • the equipotential lines shown in Fig. 10 were obtained from tests conducted on an enlarged electrode construction employing an electrolytic solution and probe for determining the equipotential lines, and for the condition where a 1600 volt diiference was present between the anode structure and the cathode and where the repelling electrode 46 and the retarding electrode 41 were maintained at negative 500 and 100 volts, respectively.
  • the field distribution is plotted showing only one-half the region, and it is to be understood that the other half region is similar in configuration to that illustrated.
  • to the conical part 38 represent the contour of the electric lines of force present in the cavity during one-half cycle that is the positive half cycle, during which the electrons are accelerated. The.
  • circled crosses represent the corresponding direction of the magnetic component of electromagnetic field during the same half cycle.
  • the curve or represents a low velocity electron which traverses a distance corresponding to the 200 volt equipotential line and is reversed in its direction of travel and focused so that it re-enters the cavity 21.
  • An electron of greater kinetic energy corresponding in its path to curve b travels a greater distance before reversal and as illustrated is reversed within the vicinity of the zero potential line.
  • an electron of even greater Velocity proceeds in the direction of the repelling electrode ie and enters the negative field produced thereby, undergoing a reversal in the vicinity of the negative 200 volt line.
  • One way in which the electric discharge device described above may be operated is by impressing a negative potential on the retarding electrode 5'! and a still greater negative potential on the repelling electrode 46.
  • a negative unidirectional voltage of 300 volts may be impressed on the retarding electrode 41 and a negative unidirectional potential of 500 volts may be impressed on the repelling electrode 46, the anode structure being maintained at a positive potential of 1000 volts.
  • the focusing cylinder 55 may be maintained at a negative potential of volts. It is to be understood that the above values of voltage are merely representative of voltages which may be applied in the operation of my device and are in no way critical or limiting.
  • Electrodes 46 and 41 serve two purposes. One is to impress on the electron beam proper radial voltage gradients, and the other is to control the grouped electrons incident to the velocity modulation effect so that these electrons return and pass through gap 40 in the proper phase relationship with respect to the electric component of the electromagnetic field within cavity 21.
  • the electric discharge device may be operated in a number of ways in addition to that described above.
  • One example of an alternative manner of operation is by impressing on the repelling electrode 46 a potential electrically near the cathode potential and the electrode 41 at a positive potential with respect to the cathode. In this manner of operation, all electrons which gain velocity passing through the velocity modulation gap 40 are collected by electrode 46. The electrons which lose velocity due to the decelerating effect of the gap are reflected. Consequently, the returned elctron beam is conduction cur rent modulated.
  • the transit time or the time-phase relationship of the electrons is such that there is a net positive energy transfer from the electrons to the field of the cavity.
  • the velocity modulated electrons after undergoing reversal within the field produced by electrodes 45 and 4'1, because of the grouping of the electrons by virtue of the velocity modulation, assume a charge-density distribution.
  • the velocity modulation effect has such a time-phase relation with respect to the charge-density variations of the beam, that the electrons within the regions of large charge density are slowed down, and those of small charge density are accelerated.
  • there is a net reduction in the average speed of the electron beam which is just sufficient to supply the external power derived from the cavity by loop 62 and the power dissipated as a' loss in the cavity.
  • the transit time in order to effect optimum transfer of energy from the electron beam to the field cavity may be generally stated as being (n+%) cycles, where n is zero or any positive integer, and where the transit time is measured in the path of an electron during its excursion from the diaphragm 4
  • n is zero or any positive integer
  • the transit time is measured in the path of an electron during its excursion from the diaphragm 4
  • An ultra high frequency electric discharge device of the velocity modulation type comprising an hermetically sealed envelope including a cylindrical wall closed at one end, a base member transverse to said wall supporting and closing said wall at the other end thereof, an annular anode structure within said envelope supported from said wall and having spaced walls extending transversely to said cylindrical wall and defining in part a cavity resonator, aligned apertures in said spaced walls, a cathode constituting a source of electrons to be passed through said resonator and said apertures positioned on one side of said anode structure in alignment with said apertures, electrode means adapted to return electrons to said resonator in alignment with said apertures and positioned on the other side of said anode structure and supported thereby, conductor means connected to said electrode means for impressing potentials thereupon and extending through said anode structure but electrically insulated therefrom, said conductor means being connected to externally accessible terminal means supported by said base member, and a concentric transmission line coupled to said resonator and terminate
  • An ultra high frequency electric discharge device of the velocity modulation type comprising an hermetically sealed envelope including a cylindrical wall closed at one end, a base member transverse to said wall supporting and closing said wall at the other end thereof, an annular anode structure within said envelope supported from said wall and havin spaced walls extending transversely to said cylindrical wall and defining in part a cavity resonator, aligned apertures in said spaced walls, one of said walls being flexible whereby said resonator may be tuned, a cathode constituting a source of electrons to be passed through said resonator and said apertures positioned on one side of said anode structure in alignment with said apertures, electrode means adapted to return electrons to said resonator in alignment with said apertures and positioned on the other side of said anode structure and supported thereby, conductor means connected to said electrode means for impressing potentials thereupon and extending through said anode structure but electrically insulated therefrom, said conductor means being connected to externally accessible terminal means supported by said base member
  • An ultra high frequency electric discharge device of the velocity modulation type comprising an hermetically sealed envelope including a cylindrical wall closed at one end, a base member transverse to said wall supporting and closing said wall at the other end thereof, an annular anode structure within said envelope supported from said wall and having spaced wall extending transversely to said cylindrical wall and definin in part a cavity resonator, aligned apertures in said spaced walls, one of said Walls being flexible whereby said resonator may be tuned, a cathode supported by said anode structure and positioned on one side of said anode structure in alignment with said apertures, said cathode constituting a source of electrons to be passed through said resonator and said apertures, electrode means adapted to return electrons to said resonator in alignment with said aperture and positioned on the other side of said anode structure and supported thereby, conductor means connectedto said electrodes for impressing potentials thereupon and extending through said anode structure but electrically insulated therefrom, said conductor
  • An ultra high frequency electric discharge device of the velocity modulation type comprising an hermetically sealed envelope including a cylindrical wall closed at one end, a base member transverse to said wall supporting and closing said wall at the other end thereof, an annular anode structure within said envelope supported from said wall and having spaced walls extending transversely to said cylindrical wall and defining in part a cavity resonator, aligned apertures in said spaced walls, one of said walls being flexible whereby said resonator may be tuned, a cathode supported by said anode structure and positioned on one side of said anode structure in alignment with said apertures, retarding and reflecting electrodes in alignment with said apertures positioned on the other side of said anode strucminated in an externally accessible protuberance constituting a part of said base, and means for adjusting the position of said flexible wall comprising an adjustable rod attached thereto and extending through said closed end of said cylindrical wall, said rod having screw threads engaging a manually operable thumb screw mounted on said one end of said cylindrical wall exterior to said

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Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE479160D BE479160A (fr) 1943-02-25
US477065A US2421273A (en) 1943-02-25 1943-02-25 Ultra high frequency electric discharge device
US607113A US2443917A (en) 1943-02-25 1945-07-26 Wave guide discharge tube socket assembly
FR953659D FR953659A (fr) 1943-02-25 1947-10-01 Tube électronique pour hyperfréquences

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2489157A (en) * 1945-07-02 1949-11-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrode
US2494693A (en) * 1946-12-24 1950-01-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2540142A (en) * 1942-10-17 1951-02-06 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure and system
US2603763A (en) * 1944-01-13 1952-07-15 Henry V Neher Vacuum tube oscillator
US2632863A (en) * 1950-02-25 1953-03-24 Eitel Mccullough Inc Reflex oscillator tube
US2866123A (en) * 1953-12-02 1958-12-23 Raytheon Mfg Co Mechanically tuned klystrons

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2847609A (en) * 1957-02-11 1958-08-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Reflex klystron

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US2141080A (en) * 1935-08-19 1938-12-20 Pintsch Julius Kg Ultra-short-wave tube
US2186441A (en) * 1935-06-13 1940-01-09 Okonite Co Electric cable
US2207579A (en) * 1938-01-12 1940-07-09 Gen Electric Electric cable
US2245627A (en) * 1938-06-24 1941-06-17 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Stabilization of frequency
US2250511A (en) * 1938-09-02 1941-07-29 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Oscillator stabilization system
US2253503A (en) * 1938-08-06 1941-08-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Generation and transmission of high frequency oscillations
US2253589A (en) * 1938-08-06 1941-08-26 George C Southworth Generation and transmission of high frequency oscillations
US2259690A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency radio apparatus
US2278210A (en) * 1940-07-05 1942-03-31 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2287845A (en) * 1939-03-08 1942-06-30 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Thermionic vacuum tube and circuits
US2293151A (en) * 1940-10-08 1942-08-18 Rca Corp Resonant cavity device
US2304540A (en) * 1940-05-02 1942-12-08 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Generating apparatus

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US2128233A (en) * 1934-03-01 1938-08-30 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Electron tube
US2186441A (en) * 1935-06-13 1940-01-09 Okonite Co Electric cable
US2141080A (en) * 1935-08-19 1938-12-20 Pintsch Julius Kg Ultra-short-wave tube
US2207579A (en) * 1938-01-12 1940-07-09 Gen Electric Electric cable
US2245627A (en) * 1938-06-24 1941-06-17 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Stabilization of frequency
US2253503A (en) * 1938-08-06 1941-08-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Generation and transmission of high frequency oscillations
US2253589A (en) * 1938-08-06 1941-08-26 George C Southworth Generation and transmission of high frequency oscillations
US2250511A (en) * 1938-09-02 1941-07-29 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Oscillator stabilization system
US2287845A (en) * 1939-03-08 1942-06-30 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Thermionic vacuum tube and circuits
US2259690A (en) * 1939-04-20 1941-10-21 Univ Leland Stanford Junior High frequency radio apparatus
US2304540A (en) * 1940-05-02 1942-12-08 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Generating apparatus
US2278210A (en) * 1940-07-05 1942-03-31 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2293151A (en) * 1940-10-08 1942-08-18 Rca Corp Resonant cavity device

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2540142A (en) * 1942-10-17 1951-02-06 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure and system
US2603763A (en) * 1944-01-13 1952-07-15 Henry V Neher Vacuum tube oscillator
US2489157A (en) * 1945-07-02 1949-11-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrode
US2494693A (en) * 1946-12-24 1950-01-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2632863A (en) * 1950-02-25 1953-03-24 Eitel Mccullough Inc Reflex oscillator tube
US2866123A (en) * 1953-12-02 1958-12-23 Raytheon Mfg Co Mechanically tuned klystrons

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BE479160A (fr)
FR953659A (fr) 1949-12-12

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