US2421138A - Wave signal translating arrangement - Google Patents

Wave signal translating arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US2421138A
US2421138A US597037A US59703745A US2421138A US 2421138 A US2421138 A US 2421138A US 597037 A US597037 A US 597037A US 59703745 A US59703745 A US 59703745A US 2421138 A US2421138 A US 2421138A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
signal
pulse
channel
translating
sloping
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US597037A
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English (en)
Inventor
Harold A Wheeler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hazeltine Research Inc
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Hazeltine Research Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE474969D priority Critical patent/BE474969A/xx
Application filed by Hazeltine Research Inc filed Critical Hazeltine Research Inc
Priority to US597037A priority patent/US2421138A/en
Priority to GB15537/46A priority patent/GB612371A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2421138A publication Critical patent/US2421138A/en
Priority to CH260751D priority patent/CH260751A/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K5/01—Shaping pulses
    • H03K5/12—Shaping pulses by steepening leading or trailing edges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/285—Receivers
    • G01S7/32—Shaping echo pulse signals; Deriving non-pulse signals from echo pulse signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
    • H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
    • H03G3/20—Automatic control
    • H03G3/22—Automatic control in amplifiers having discharge tubes

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to wave-signal translating arrangements for translating pulse signals which may have one or more sloping edges.
  • the invention is subject to a variety of applications, it is especially suited for use ina radio-locating and direction-finding system of the type utilizing pulse-modulated signals and it will be particularly described in that connection.
  • the desired information is conveyed by means of a pulse signal, coded in accordance with a prescribed coding schedule.
  • the coded signal may include a pair of pulse components, individually having a fixed duration and a time separation that is variable in a code sequence.
  • the coded signal is received, shaped and passed on to a decoder unit which automatically derives the desired information by deciphering the received signal.
  • the coded signal is shaped, in the usual case, by means of a conventional limiter in which the received pulses are clipped off at a predetermined amplitude level.
  • a conventional limiter in which the received pulses are clipped off at a predetermined amplitude level.
  • Such an arrangement performs the desired wave-shaping function but is subject to an operating limitation which may be undesirable in certain installations.
  • This limitation follows from the fact that variations in signal strength of the received signal cause variations in the slope of leading and trailing edges of the pulse components.
  • the ordinary limiter which operates at a fixed amplitude level produces in its output circuit pulse signals having pulse widths that also vary in accordance with the received signal strength. This becomes objectionable where the pulse widths of the code components of the received signal are significant.
  • Circuit arrangements for responding to the sloping edges of applied pulse signals have already been proposed.
  • a contrcl potential is derived, having a magnitude that varies with the slope of one edge of the applied signal.
  • the potential is developed across a conventional time-constant circuit and is used to control the gain of a receiver to maintain the amplitude of the signal delivered therefrom within a relatively narrow range fora wide range of received signal intensities.
  • Such control arrangements while providing a suitable automatic-gain-control potential, are not effective to shape the edges of the translated pulse signal as is required to avoid the aforementioned pulsewidth variations inherent in conventional limiting of pulse signals which have sloping edges.
  • a wave-signal translating arrangement for translating a pulse signal which may have a sloping edge comprises a controllable signal-translating channel for supplying the signal to a utilizing device.
  • the arrangement has means connected to the channel at one point and responsive to the sloping edge of the pulse signal for deriving a control potential.
  • means are provided for applying the control potential to a succeeding point in the channel to interrupt signal translation at the succeeding point for an interval having a duration approximately equal to, and a substantial time coincidence with, the occurrence of the sloping edge of the pulse signal at the succeeding point, effectively to suppress the sloping edge in the signal translated through the channel.
  • Fig. 1 represents a Wave-signal translating arrangement including the present invention in a preferred form
  • Fig. 2 comprises graphs utilized in explaining the operation of the Fig. 1 arrangement.
  • the wave-signal translating arrangement there represented may be considered as the receiving unit of a radio-locating anddirection-finding system.
  • the arrangement comprises an antenna-ground system Ill, H for intercepting pulse-modulated direction-finding signals which may have sloping, leading and trailing edges.
  • the antenna system Ill, l I is coupled to the input terminals of a, controllable signal-translating channel through which received pulse-modulated signals are supplied to a utilizing device.
  • This channel is provided by a pulse-modulated wave-signal receiver
  • the receiver unit l2 may constitute any conventional well-known arrangement for receiving and demodulating pulse-modulated signals, such as a receiver of the superheterodyne type.
  • the pulse amplifier and limiter I4 may comprise an amplifying arrangement of any desired number of stages in at least one of which applied pulse signals are shaped by clipping and amplitude-limiting actions. This may be accomplished by ad lusting the operating potentials of the stage so as to translate only an intermediate amplitude range of an applied pulse signal, eliminating the maximum and minimum levels thereof by way of the well-known anode-current saturation and anode-current cutoiT phenomena, respectively.
  • the time-delay network 3 and oscilloscope I5 may be of conventional constructions, the oscillos'cope preferably being of the cathode-ray type used to monitor the wave-signal translating arrangement under consideration.
  • the pulse-modulated signal obtained in the output circuit of limiter l4 may be applied to an automatic decoding unit (not shown), as indicated by arrow 5.
  • a gain-control system I! is coupled by way of conductors l8 and Hi to the output circuit of receiver It. for controlling the gain of channel
  • the gain-control system is or the type which utilizes the quiescent or noise signal output of receiver IE to stabilize the receiver gain at a desired normal value.
  • a pulse gain-control system of the type particularly described in copending application Serial No 597,035, filed concurrently herewith in thename or Harold A. Wheeler and assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.
  • Such a pulse gain-control system is insensitive to the quiescent signal output of receiver [2, that is to say, it is ineffective in the absence of a received pulse-modulated signal.
  • the pulse gain-control system Upon receipt of such a signal, however, the pulse gain-control system responds rapidly to develop a control potential for materially reducing the gain of channel
  • the condition of reduced gain endures for an interval slightly greater than the duration of the received pulse-modulated signal and is effective to suppress the efiects of spurious or interfering signals which may be received along with a coded pulse-modulated signal, as particularly described in the copending application.
  • An output circuit of the noise gain-control system H is coupled to a control input circuit of receiver l2 for applying control potentials to the receiver for the purpose of controlling its gain.
  • the signaltranslating arrangement has means, designated 20, connected to the signal-translating channel at one point and responsive to the sloping edge of a received pulse-modulated signal for deriving a, control potential.
  • this means comprises a differentiating circuit for deriving a first pair of pulses having opposite polarities.
  • unit 20 includes an amplifier comprising a triode vacuum tube 2
  • constitute a first difierentiating circuit while a. condenser 28 and resistor 29 similarly connected to the cathode impedance 23 constitute a second differentiating circuit.
  • Each such circuit is selected to have a time constant which is very much less than the slope time, that is, the duration of the slope portions of the pulse signals applied to unit 20 from receiver
  • a full-wave rectifier system is associated with the differentiating circuits for developing, from a first pair of pulses derived in the difierentiating circuit, a second and corresponding pair of pulses which individually are of the same polarity.
  • the rectifying system comprises a first diode 3B coupled between resistor '27 and acoinmon load impedance 3
  • to a control input terminal of unit i l constitutes means for applying the pulses of control potential derived in unit '20 to such a succeeding point in the channel as to interrupt signal translation thereat for an interval approximately equal to, and occurring in time coincidence with, the occurrence of the edges of the pulse signal at this succeeding point to suppress theeclges of the signal translated in channel
  • Curve A represents the signal output obtained from receiver 12 of the signal-translating channel
  • the low-amplitude signal portions designated S denote the quiescent sig-' nal output of the receiver obtained in the absence of a received signal. This quiescent signal is initiated by and represents inherent disturbances within the receiver as, for example, thermal agitation noise, shot effect and the like.
  • Gain-control system H utilizes the quiescent 'sig nal output to stabilize the receiver gain and maintain the amplitude of its uiescent signal at or below a preselected amplitude level.
  • the pulse components P1 and P2 constitute a received direction-finding signal of the pulse-modulated type which has a duration T1. The time separation of these pulse components is coded in accordance with a prescribed coding schedule. Each of the pulse components P1 and P2 has sloping, leading and trailing edges and an intermediate flat or plateau portion.
  • the signal of curve A is applied to unit '20, amplified in tube 2
  • the ,diifferentiated signal thus established across'resistor 2 9 has the wave form and polarity of curve B. It contains a pair of pulses of opposite polarity for each of the code components P1 and P2.
  • the positive-polarity pulse P3 of each pair is derived from the leading edge of one of the code components and has a duration t1 equal to that of the leading edge of the code component.
  • the negative-polarity pulse P4. of each pair is derived from and has a duration t2 equal to that of the trailing edge of each of the code components P1 and P2.
  • the differentiated signal established across resistor 21 has an identical wave form but reversed polarity, a polarity reversal being obtained in translation of the signal of curve A through tube 2
  • Each of diodes 30 and 32 rectifies the pulses of negative polarity applied to its cathode from resistor 21 or 29, developing across the common load'impedance 3! the signal of curve C.
  • This signal also has a pair of pulse components representing the sloping edges of each of the code components P1 and P2 and of negative polarity.
  • the first pulse P3 of each such pair corresponds with the leading edge of one code component and is obtained by way of diode 3!].
  • the alternate pulse P4 of each pair corresponds with the trailing edge of each code component and is derived through the alternate diode 32.
  • the broken horizontal lines 61 and e2 designate the amplitud delay bias applied to the diodes 3i! and 32.
  • the delay bias is such that signal components of curve B which lie between the bias levels, such as the quiescent signal components Sq, are not translated by the rectifier system and hence do not appear in curve C.
  • the negative-polarity control I pulses of curve C are applied as a pulse-modulated bias potential to a bias control circuit of pulse amplifier and limiter l l.
  • Broken horizontal line e3 represents the cutoff level of unit 14, demonstrating that each of th control pulses P3 and P4 is effective to bias the pulse amplifier and limiter to anode-current cutoff for intervals which correspond to the duration of the leading and trailing edges of code components P1 and P2.
  • the curves of Fig. 2 neglect the time-delay of network 13 and, additionally, neglect the delay in deriving the control pulses of curve C. In practical circuit applications some time delay is generally encountered in the derivation of the desired control pulses. Accordingly, the delay of network [3 is adjusted to acorresponding value so that the control pulses P3 and P4 of curve C block unit It and interrupt signal translation thereat during spaced operating intervals which have a duration approximately equal to, and a substantial time coincidence with, the occurrence at unit H! of the leading and trailing edges respectively of the code components P1 and P2. Therefore, the output signal of pulse amplifier and limiter It has the wave form of curve D.
  • the code components P1 and P2 of curve D represent that portion of each of code components P1 and P2 of curve A that is translated by unit I4 in view of the control established thereon by the control potential of curve C.
  • the control potential of curve C by blocking unit It during the intervals t1 and t2, suppresses or eliminates the sloping edges in the signal translated. Therefore, the code components P1 and P2 of curve D correspond with that fraction of the flat or plateau portion of each component P1 and P2 that occurs within the limiting levels of limiter M, which levels are represented by horizontal lines E and F.
  • the code components of curve D have a width that is independent of the limiting levels E and F since the sloping edges of the code components are not translated by unit Id.
  • the signal of curve D is applied to the oscilloscope it: where the performance of the channel l2-l5, inclusive, may be determined by reproducing the wave form of curve D on the screen of a cathode-ray tube in well-known fashion.
  • This output signal of the limiter l4 may also be supplied to the automatic decoder (not shown) wherein the coded information conveyed by means of the time separation of code components P1 and P2 is deciphered.
  • Unit 20 which suppresses the sloping edges of the translated code components permits the limiting action of unit Hi to be accomplished without effecting the pulse width of the code components supplied to the decoder. This assures improved operation of the decoding mechanism.
  • the broken-line curve portions of curve D represent the signal output of a conventional limiter having the limiting levels shown by horizontal lines E and F but operating upon the sloping portions of the code components as well as the fiat or plateau portions thereof. It is evident that in such an arrangement the Width of the limited pulses varies in accordance with the slope of the leading and trailing edges of the code components as well as the limiting levels. This result is avoided by the inclusion of unit 20 in the signal-translating arrangement of Fig. 1.
  • control pulses of curve C derived at one point in channel I245, inclusive are applied to a succeeding point in the channel so as to suppress both the leading and trailing sloping edges from the signal translated.
  • the arrangement may be utilized to suppress only one of the sloping edges of the pulse components where this operation should be desired.
  • the time-delay network i3 need not necessarily take the form of a pure time-delay mechanism. Where a sufficient number of stages are included in unit it, the time of translation therethrough may correspond with the delay of unit 25 in deriving the control pulses.
  • connection 33 may be made directly with a particular stage of unit Hi wherein the sloping edges of the pulse signals occur in time coincidence with the control pulses obtained from the rectifier system of unit 26
  • a wave-signal translating arrangement for translating a pulse signal which may have a sloping edge comprising, a controllable signal-translating channel for supplying said signal to a utilizing device, means connected to said channel at one point and responsive to said sloping edge of said signal for deriving a control potential, and
  • a wave-signal translating arrangement, for translating a pulsesignal vvhiclzl may have a sloping. edge comprising; a controllable. signal-trans:- lating channel for supplying said signal to a utilizing device, meansincluding a diffierentiating circuit connected; to said. channel: at one point. and responsive to said: sloping edge of said. signal for deriving.
  • control! potential a control! potential
  • a wave-signal translating arrangement for translating a pulse signal which may have a sloping edge comprising, acontrollable signaltranslating channel for supplying; said signal to autili-zing device, means connected to, said channel at one point and responsive to said sloping edge of said signal for deriving, a control potential, time-delaymea-ns. in said channel. connected between said one point and a succeeding point for delaying said signal between said points by an interval corresponding to the time delay in. deriving said control potential, and means, for applying said control potential to said succeeding point to interrupt signal, translation thereat for an interval having, a duration approximately equal to and asubstantial time coincidence with the. occurrence of said sloping edge of said signal at said succeeding point effectively to suppress said sloping edge the signal. translated through said channel.
  • a wave-signal translating arrangement for translating a pulse signal which may have a. sloping edge comprising, a controllable signaltranslating channel for supplying said signal to autilizing device; means connected to said channel at one point for differentiating said signal. to derive a pulse of control potential having the same duration as said sloping. edge, time-delay means in said channel connected between said one point and a succeeding point, for delaying said signal between said, points by an interval corresponding to the time delay in deriving said control potential, and means. for applying. said control potential tosaid succeeding point.- to. interrupt signal translation thereat for an interval. having a duration approximately equal to and a substantial time coincidence with the oc cur-rcnce of said sloping edge of said signal at said succeeding point effectively to suppress said sloping edge in the signal translated through said channel.
  • a wave-signal translating arrangement for translating a pulse signal which may have a sloping edge comprising, a controllable signal-translating channel. for supplying said signal to a. utie lizing device, means connected to said channel at one point for difierentiating and rectifying said signal to derive a pulse of unidirectional potential having a predetermined polarity and having the same duration as said sloping edge, time-dolay means in said channel connected between said one point and a succeeding point for delaying said signal between said points by an inter-- val corresponding to the time delay in deriving said control potential, and means for applying said control potential to.
  • said succeeding point :
  • A. wave-signal translating arrangement for translating a pulse signal which may have sloping, leading and trailing edges comprising, a controllable signal-translating channel for supplying said signal to a utilizing device, means connected to said channel atone point and responsive to each of said sloping, leading and trailing edges for deriving therefrom a pair of spaced pulses of control' potential having a duration equal to that of said leading-and; trailing edges respectively, timedelay means.- in said channel connected between said one point and: a. succeeding point for delaying said signal between said points by an interval corresponding to.
  • A. wave-signal translating arrangement for translating: a.- pulse. signal which may have; slopns, leading. and trailing edges comprising, a controllable signal-translating channel for supplying said signal to a. utilizing device, means connected to said channel at one point for differentiating said signal to derive a first pair of pulses having opposite polarities and a duration equal to that of said leading and trailing edges respectively, full-wave rectifying means for developing from said first pair of pulses a second and corresponding pair of pulses of control potential individually having a given polarity, time-delay means in said channel connected between said one point and a succeeding point. for delaying said signal between said points. by an interval corresponding to; the time.
  • a wave-signal translating arrangement for translating a pulse signal which may have a slopin edge comprising, a. controllable signal-trans,- lating channel for supplying said pulse signal to a utilizing device and efiective in the absence of said pulse signal to translate a quiescent signal representing inherent disturbances within said translating arrangement, means connected to said channel at one point and unresponsive to said quiescent. signal hut. responsive. to said slopin edge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
US597037A 1945-06-01 1945-06-01 Wave signal translating arrangement Expired - Lifetime US2421138A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE474969D BE474969A (en)) 1945-06-01
US597037A US2421138A (en) 1945-06-01 1945-06-01 Wave signal translating arrangement
GB15537/46A GB612371A (en) 1945-06-01 1946-05-22 Pulse-shaping arrangement for a pulse-modulation wave-signal receiver
CH260751D CH260751A (de) 1945-06-01 1947-08-06 Anordnung zum Empfang von durch Impulse amplitudenmodulierten Trägerwellenzeichen.

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US597037A US2421138A (en) 1945-06-01 1945-06-01 Wave signal translating arrangement

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US2421138A true US2421138A (en) 1947-05-27

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US597037A Expired - Lifetime US2421138A (en) 1945-06-01 1945-06-01 Wave signal translating arrangement

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2537589A (en) * 1945-12-15 1951-01-09 Rca Corp Delay circuit for rectangular waves
US2579071A (en) * 1947-07-16 1951-12-18 Rca Corp Time division multiplex system
US2647998A (en) * 1952-04-03 1953-08-04 Atomic Energy Commission Method and apparatus for determining frequency
US2678389A (en) * 1950-08-14 1954-05-11 Hazeltine Research Inc Signal-translating system for television receivers
US2678388A (en) * 1950-08-14 1954-05-11 Hazeltine Research Inc Signal-translating system for television receivers
US2724050A (en) * 1952-04-23 1955-11-15 Gen Dynamics Corp Pulse separation circuit
US2729699A (en) * 1951-01-18 1956-01-03 Faximile Inc Facsimile system wherein the recording is a modification of the copy
US2832886A (en) * 1953-04-06 1958-04-29 Goodyear Aircraft Corp Electronic function generator
US2851522A (en) * 1951-12-13 1958-09-09 Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc Television
US2863999A (en) * 1953-04-21 1958-12-09 Rca Corp Wave shaper
US2900532A (en) * 1957-04-15 1959-08-18 Burroughs Corp Compensating circuit
US2935699A (en) * 1955-12-28 1960-05-03 Sylvania Electric Prod Signal transformation device using storage tube modulator
US2947808A (en) * 1955-06-21 1960-08-02 Ibm Signal translating apparatus
US3022374A (en) * 1947-10-22 1962-02-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Scanning infra-red detector and recorder
US3204188A (en) * 1961-11-02 1965-08-31 Barnes Eng Co Scanning processing circuits eliminating detector time constant errors
US3272992A (en) * 1963-06-28 1966-09-13 North American Aviation Inc Star tracker signal conditioner of amplitude, frequency, slope and width
US3512093A (en) * 1966-10-28 1970-05-12 Xerox Corp Transmitted data timing recovery system
US4131857A (en) * 1977-03-17 1978-12-26 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Autocorrelated pulse processor

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH537121A (de) * 1971-03-24 1973-05-15 Zellweger Uster Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung eines analogen Signals in ein binäres Signal und Anwendung des Verfahrens

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2537589A (en) * 1945-12-15 1951-01-09 Rca Corp Delay circuit for rectangular waves
US2579071A (en) * 1947-07-16 1951-12-18 Rca Corp Time division multiplex system
US3022374A (en) * 1947-10-22 1962-02-20 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Scanning infra-red detector and recorder
US2678389A (en) * 1950-08-14 1954-05-11 Hazeltine Research Inc Signal-translating system for television receivers
US2678388A (en) * 1950-08-14 1954-05-11 Hazeltine Research Inc Signal-translating system for television receivers
US2729699A (en) * 1951-01-18 1956-01-03 Faximile Inc Facsimile system wherein the recording is a modification of the copy
US2851522A (en) * 1951-12-13 1958-09-09 Columbia Broadcasting Syst Inc Television
US2647998A (en) * 1952-04-03 1953-08-04 Atomic Energy Commission Method and apparatus for determining frequency
US2724050A (en) * 1952-04-23 1955-11-15 Gen Dynamics Corp Pulse separation circuit
US2832886A (en) * 1953-04-06 1958-04-29 Goodyear Aircraft Corp Electronic function generator
US2863999A (en) * 1953-04-21 1958-12-09 Rca Corp Wave shaper
US2947808A (en) * 1955-06-21 1960-08-02 Ibm Signal translating apparatus
US2935699A (en) * 1955-12-28 1960-05-03 Sylvania Electric Prod Signal transformation device using storage tube modulator
US2900532A (en) * 1957-04-15 1959-08-18 Burroughs Corp Compensating circuit
US3204188A (en) * 1961-11-02 1965-08-31 Barnes Eng Co Scanning processing circuits eliminating detector time constant errors
US3272992A (en) * 1963-06-28 1966-09-13 North American Aviation Inc Star tracker signal conditioner of amplitude, frequency, slope and width
US3512093A (en) * 1966-10-28 1970-05-12 Xerox Corp Transmitted data timing recovery system
US4131857A (en) * 1977-03-17 1978-12-26 Bethlehem Steel Corporation Autocorrelated pulse processor

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CH260751A (de) 1949-03-31
BE474969A (en))
GB612371A (en) 1948-11-11

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