US2417834A - Self-pulsing oscillator - Google Patents

Self-pulsing oscillator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2417834A
US2417834A US476371A US47637143A US2417834A US 2417834 A US2417834 A US 2417834A US 476371 A US476371 A US 476371A US 47637143 A US47637143 A US 47637143A US 2417834 A US2417834 A US 2417834A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
circuit
control electrode
cathode
anode
discharge device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US476371A
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English (en)
Inventor
Harold W Lord
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE480551D priority Critical patent/BE480551A/xx
Priority to BE481918D priority patent/BE481918A/xx
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US476371A priority patent/US2417834A/en
Priority to GB17513/45A priority patent/GB645121A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2417834A publication Critical patent/US2417834A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/78—Generating a single train of pulses having a predetermined pattern, e.g. a predetermined number
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/04—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback
    • H03K3/16—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback using a transformer for feedback, e.g. blocking oscillator with saturable core

Definitions

  • This invention relates to pulse generatingcircults, particularly to such-circuits for use in connection with pulse transmitters and the like, and its object is to provide improved and eificient circuits of this character which are extremely simple in form and at the same time capable oi producing pulses of considerable power.
  • a self-pulsing oscillating circuit constituted essentially by a single electron discharge device arrangednot only as an oscillator-but also to feed back orsupply energy from its anode-cathode circuit to its control electrode-cathode circuit through a transformer and a pulse forming element, such as a transmission line section, connected in the control electrode-cathode circuit for determining the duration and shape of the pulse.
  • My invention permits the operation of a selfpulsing oscillator in which the power required for pulsing is only a fraction of the total input power.
  • the oscillator circuit illustrated in the drawing comprises an electron discharge device Ill having an anode ll, a cathode l2 and a control electrode It.
  • Ill electron discharge device
  • a tunable circuitof any desired type In order to produce oscillations and to determine the frequency of the oscillations there is provided a tunable circuitof any desired type.
  • a modified' Hartley oscillatory circuit comprising the inductances l5 and I6 connected by a pair of series connected radio frequency bypass condensers.
  • the condensers prevent radio frequency currents from flowing through the pulsing circuit.
  • the combination of coils and condensers is shunted by avariable condenser 18.
  • One side'of the circuit IQ is connected to the anode Ii and the other side of the tunable circuitisconnected to the control electrode 13.
  • the midpoint between the condensers i1 is grounded.
  • Any suitable bias for the discharge device may be used as, for example, the resistance! between the cathode l2 and ground.
  • Anode potential is supplied from a suitable source, indicated by the plus and minus signs in the drawing.
  • the circuit oscillates in a well kn'own'manner; thecoupling between the '13 Claims. (owed-ac) charge device E ii.
  • anode-'to catliode and control electrode-to-cathode circuits being suflicient to provide feedback.
  • the pulse generating circuit comprises the electron discharge device lo andalso a transformer 28, having windings 2i and/22, respectively, in shunt with the oscillator anode-cathode circuit and the oscillator control electrode-cath ode circuit, respectively, the winding .22 being oppositely poled with respect to the winding 2i.
  • a condenser 23 is connected in series with the winding 21 and is of such a capacity as to provide a substantially open circuit for direct currents A, pulse forming and pulse determining elem'ent "26 is connected in series with the transformer winding 22 and a resistor 21 in a second control electro'de cathode circuit of the discharge device I0.
  • the element-26 is a capacitive time delay network and preferably comprises a suitfable transmission line section, the' line section including a plurality of capacitors 28 and reac- "tances 29.
  • the time element characteristics of such networks are well knownto those skill'edin the art. i
  • resistor 21 plus the equavilent control electrodeto-cathode resistance of the discharge device It) is equal to the surge impedance of the transmission line 26, then half of the secondary voltage of the winding 22 appears across the transmission line 26 and half across the resistor 21 and the control electrode-to-cathode resistance of thedischarge device l0.
  • the potential thus impressed upon the transmission line 26 causes a wave to travel down the line which is reflected at the'open end of the line and travels back to the starting end' thereof in proper phase so that as the wave finishes its travel a voltage equal to all of the voltage applied by the secondary winding 22 across the transmission line 26 and the resistance loads constituted by the resistor21 and the control electrode-to-cathode resistance, appears across the line 25 in the form of a charge on each ca-. pacitor 28, of such polarity that a negative potential appears on the control electrode side of the line.
  • the charge on the capacitors leaks all at a rate determined by the leak resistor 30 until the negative bias upon the control electrode i3 is sufiiciently reduced so that when a synchronizing potential is applied to the control electrode-cathode circuit another pulse will be initiated.
  • the pulse cycle as above described may then be repeated indefinitely.
  • the ungrounded end of the leak resistor 30 may be connected directly to the cathode l2 and the synchronizing source omitted, the pulse rate then being determinedby adjustment of the resistor 30.
  • a voltage limiting discharge device such, for example, as a glow tube 3
  • this means takes the form of a unilateral device, such as a diode 32, the anode of which is connected to the control electrode end of the resistance 21 and the cathode of which is connected to the cathode 12.
  • the cathode of the diode 32 is grounded for pulse frequency currents by a suitable condenser 33.
  • the energy for blocking the control electrode circuit in order to terminate pulses is supplied from the anode-cathode circuit to the control electrode-cathode circuit through the pulse forming network 26 which is entirely independent of the oscillator part of the circuit.
  • the repetition rate of the pulses is substantially different, usually many times less, than the frequency of the oscillating circuit.
  • the oscillator adjustments may be made independently of the pulsing adjustments.
  • the circuit will function as a pulser with the oscillator portion inoperative. This independence of pulsing circuit with respect to the oscillating circuit permits determination of the pulse width and the repetition rate of the pulsing circuit without regard to the oscillator adjustments and the shape of the pulse output from the oscillator is controllable by the pulsing elements of the circuit.
  • the cathode of the diode 32 may be grounded or connected to ground through a variable resistance shunted by a condenser of such a capacity as to constitute a ground for pulse frequency currents.
  • a direct current source comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode, and a control electrode
  • said oscillator including an anode-cathode circuit for said discharge device and means for deriving from said anode-cathode circuit and supplying to said control electrode oscillatory energy in proper phase relation to support oscillations in said circuit
  • a pulse generating circuit energized from said source and including said discharge device, a circuit connected between said control electrode and said cathode, a second circuit connected between said anode and said cathode
  • regenerative means including a transformer having a secondary winding and a primary winding operatively associated with said last-named circuits, respectively, for supplying potentials from said second anodecathode circuit to said control electrode-cathode circuit, and voltage limiting means in shunt with said transformer primary winding for maintaining a relatively high potential on said anode during each pulse.
  • a direct current source comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode, and a control electrode
  • said oscillator including an anode-cathode circuit for said discharge device and means for deriving from said anode-cathode circuit and supplying to said control electrode oscillatory energy in proper phase relation to support oscillations in said circuit
  • a pulse generating circuit energized from said source and including said discharge device, said pulse generating circuit comprising a circuit connected between said control electrode and said cathode and a second circuit connected between said anode and said cathode
  • regenerative means including a transformer coupling said last-named circuits thereby to supply potentials from said second anode-cathode circuit to said control electrode-cathode circuit during each pulse period, and electric discharge means for limiting the control electrode-cathode voltage to a value which substantially prevents the flow of control electrode current due to pulse voltages.
  • a direct current source comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode, and a control electrode
  • said oscillatory circuit including an anode-cathode circuit for said discharge device and means for deriving from said anode-cathode circuit and supplying to said control electrode oscillatory energy in proper phase relation to support oscillations in said circuit
  • a pulse generating circuit energized from said source and including said discharge device, said pulse generating circuit comprising a circuit connected between said control electrode and said cathode and a second circuit connected between said anode and said cathode
  • regenerative means including a transformer having a secondary winding and a primary winding operatively associated with said last-named circuits, respectively, thereby to supply potentials from said second anode-cathode circuit to said control electrode-cathode circuit, discharge means for limiting the control electrode-cathode voltage substantially to prevent the flow of control electrode current due to pulse voltage
  • a direct current source comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode, and a control electrode
  • said oscillator including an anode-cathode circuit for said discharge device and means for deriving from said anode-cathode circuit and supplying to said control electrode oscillatory energy in proper phase relation to support oscillations in said circuit
  • a pulse generating circuit energized from said source and including said discharge device, a circuit connected between sa d control electrode and said cathode and a second circuit connected between said anode and said cathode
  • regenerative means including a transformer operatively associated with said last-named circuits for supplying potentials from said second anodecathode circuit to said control electrode-cathode circuit during each pulse period, and meansfor limiting the control.electrode-cathode voltage to substantially prevent the fiow of control electrode current due to pulse voltages, said last mentioned means comprising unilateral means connected between said
  • a direct current source comprising an oscillator circuit energized therefrom comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a
  • said oscillator including an anode-cathode circuit for said discharge device and means for deriving from said anode-cathode circuit and supplying to said control electrode oscillatory energy in proper phase relation to support oscillations in said circuit, a pulse generating circuit energized from said source and including said discharge device,
  • a direct current source comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode, and a control electrode
  • said oscillator including an anode-cathode circuit for said discharge device and means for deriving from said anode-cathode circuit and supplying to said control electrode oscillatory energy in proper phase relation to support oscillations in said circuit
  • a non-oscillatory square wave pulse generating circuit energized from said source and including said discharge device, said pulse generating circuit comprising an open-ended transmission line section connected in series with a resistor between said control electrode and said cathode and a second circuit connected between said anode and said cathode, and a transformer regeneratively coupling saidsecond anode-cathode circuitto said control electrode through said transmission line section, said coupling being so poled that upon initiation of oscillations in said dis charge device said transformer applies a positive pulse to said control electrode, said transmission line section reflecting said positive pulse in aid
  • a direct current source an oscillator energized from said source and comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode and a control electrode, an anode-cathode circuit for said discharge device and means for deriving from said anode-cathode circuit and supplying to said control electrode oscillatory energy in proper phase relation to support oscillations in said circuit, and a pulse generating circuit energized from said direct current source in parallel circuit relation with said anode-cathode circuit, said pulse generating circuit including a capacitive time delay network connected to control the potential of said control electrode, thereby recurrently to render said discharge device conductive to generate oscillations at a repetition rate independent of the frequency of said generated oscillations.
  • oscillator energizedfrom said source and comprising an' electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode and a control electrode, an anode-cathode circuit for said discharge device, oscillator coupling means for deriving from said anode-cathode circuit and supplying to said control electrode oscillatory energy in proper phase relation to support oscillations in said circuit, regenerative coupling'means between said control electrode and said anode-cathodecircuit independent of said oscillator coupling means, and a capacitive time delay network energized by said regenerative coupling means and coupled to said control electrode for rendering said discharge device non-coductive, a predetermined time after initiation of oscillations therein and independent of the frequency of said oscillations.
  • an oscillator energized from said sourceand comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode and a control electrode, an anode-cathode circuit for said discharge device, oscillator'coupling means for deriving from said anode-cathode circuit and supplying to said control electrode oscillatory energy in proper phase relation to support oscillations in said circuit, regenerative coupling means between said anodecathode circuit and said control electrode independent of said oscillator coupling means, and a capacitive time delay network coupled to said control electrode and responsive to energization of said regenerative coupling means by initiation of oscillations in said discharge device for rendering said discharge device non-conductive a predetermined time after initiation of said oscillations.
  • a direct current source an oscillator energized from said source and comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode and a control electrode, an anode-cathode circuit for said discharge device, oscillator coupling means for deriving from said anode-cathode circuit and supplying to said control electrode oscillatory energy in proper phase relation to support oscillations in said circuit, and regenerative coupling means between said control electrode and said anode-cathode circuit independent of said oscillator coupling means, a capacitive time delay network energized by said regenerative coupling means and coupled to said control electrode for rendering said discharge device non-conductive a predetermined time after initiation of oscillations therein, and means for discharging said capacitive network, thereby to render said discharge device conductive a predetermined time after terminatiltn of conduction.
  • a direct current source an oscillator energized from said source and com prising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode and a control electrode, an anode-cathode circuit for said discharge device, oscillator coupling means for deriving from said anode-cathode circuit and supplying to said control electrode oscillatory energy in proper phase relation to support oscillations in said circuit, regenerative coupling means between said anodecathode circuit and said control electrode independent of said oscillator coupling means, a nonoscillatory capacitive pulse forming network coupled to said control electrode and responsive to energization of said regenerative coupling means for rendering said discharge device non-conductive a predetermined time after initiation of oscillations therein, discharge means for said capacitive network arranged to render said discharge device conductive a predetermined time after termination of conduction, and means coupled to said control electrode for recurrently rendering said discharge device conductive.
  • a direct current source an oscillator energized from said source and comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode and a control electrode, an
  • oscillator coupling means for deriving from said anode-cathode circuit and supplying to said control electrode oscillatory energy in proper phase 7 relation to support oscillations in said circuit, regnerative coupling means independent of said oscillator coupling means and including an openended transmission line section connected between said anode-cathode circuit and said control electrode, said transmission line being arranged by reflection to render said discharge device nonconductive a predetermined time after initiation of oscillations therein and independent of the frequency of said oscillations, discharge means for said transmission line arranged to render said discharge device conductive a predetermined time after termination of conduction, and timing means coupled to said regenerative means for recurrently rendering said discharge device conductive at a repetition rate independent of the period of oscillation.
  • a direct current source comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode, and a control electrode
  • said oscillator including an anode-cathode circuit for said discharge device and means for deriving from said anode-cathode circuit and supplying to said control electrode oscillatory energy in proper phase relation to support oscillations in said circuit
  • pulse generating means energized from said source and including a second circuit connected between said anode and cathode and a capacitive time delay network connected between said cathode and said control electrode, and means for coupling said second circuit and said time delay network, thereby to render said discharge device non-conductive a predetermined time after initiation of oscillations therein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
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US476371A 1943-02-19 1943-02-19 Self-pulsing oscillator Expired - Lifetime US2417834A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE480551D BE480551A (it) 1943-02-19
BE481918D BE481918A (it) 1943-02-19
US476371A US2417834A (en) 1943-02-19 1943-02-19 Self-pulsing oscillator
GB17513/45A GB645121A (en) 1943-02-19 1945-07-09 Improvements in and relating to self-pulsing oscillators

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US476371A US2417834A (en) 1943-02-19 1943-02-19 Self-pulsing oscillator

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US2417834A true US2417834A (en) 1947-03-25

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2432227A (en) * 1943-08-24 1947-12-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Pulsed oscillator
US2447082A (en) * 1944-06-29 1948-08-17 Rca Corp Generator circuit
US2564045A (en) * 1946-01-07 1951-08-14 David F Winter Modulator
US2578273A (en) * 1946-02-27 1951-12-11 George P Wachtell Electronic time delay device
US2591940A (en) * 1946-09-16 1952-04-08 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Impulse generator
US2627030A (en) * 1943-08-03 1953-01-27 Arthur A Varela Impulse generator
US2638548A (en) * 1945-09-18 1953-05-12 Us Navy Gated oscillator circuit
US2672558A (en) * 1945-06-28 1954-03-16 Fischman Martin Pulse generator
US2750510A (en) * 1952-01-16 1956-06-12 Rca Corp Free-running square wave generator
US2750509A (en) * 1952-01-16 1956-06-12 Rca Corp Pulse generators
US2975376A (en) * 1958-04-30 1961-03-14 Robert H Dicke Stable oscillator
US3030502A (en) * 1947-03-14 1962-04-17 Otto H Schmitt Automatic radio spectrum monitor

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1531633A (en) * 1920-12-22 1925-03-31 Western Electric Co Oscillation generator
DE541087C (de) * 1928-10-13 1932-01-06 Verwertung Der Theremin Patent Doppelgitterroehren-Interferenzgenerator
US2024138A (en) * 1930-10-21 1935-12-17 Edwin H Armstrong Radio signaling system
US2213398A (en) * 1938-07-22 1940-09-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Vacuum tube circuit
US2257663A (en) * 1939-06-01 1941-09-30 American Telephone & Telegraph Apparatus for producing interrupted alternating current
US2300429A (en) * 1941-11-19 1942-11-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Protective circuit for oscillators

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1531633A (en) * 1920-12-22 1925-03-31 Western Electric Co Oscillation generator
DE541087C (de) * 1928-10-13 1932-01-06 Verwertung Der Theremin Patent Doppelgitterroehren-Interferenzgenerator
US2024138A (en) * 1930-10-21 1935-12-17 Edwin H Armstrong Radio signaling system
US2213398A (en) * 1938-07-22 1940-09-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Vacuum tube circuit
US2257663A (en) * 1939-06-01 1941-09-30 American Telephone & Telegraph Apparatus for producing interrupted alternating current
US2300429A (en) * 1941-11-19 1942-11-03 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Protective circuit for oscillators

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2627030A (en) * 1943-08-03 1953-01-27 Arthur A Varela Impulse generator
US2432227A (en) * 1943-08-24 1947-12-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Pulsed oscillator
US2447082A (en) * 1944-06-29 1948-08-17 Rca Corp Generator circuit
US2672558A (en) * 1945-06-28 1954-03-16 Fischman Martin Pulse generator
US2638548A (en) * 1945-09-18 1953-05-12 Us Navy Gated oscillator circuit
US2564045A (en) * 1946-01-07 1951-08-14 David F Winter Modulator
US2578273A (en) * 1946-02-27 1951-12-11 George P Wachtell Electronic time delay device
US2591940A (en) * 1946-09-16 1952-04-08 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Impulse generator
US3030502A (en) * 1947-03-14 1962-04-17 Otto H Schmitt Automatic radio spectrum monitor
US2750510A (en) * 1952-01-16 1956-06-12 Rca Corp Free-running square wave generator
US2750509A (en) * 1952-01-16 1956-06-12 Rca Corp Pulse generators
US2975376A (en) * 1958-04-30 1961-03-14 Robert H Dicke Stable oscillator

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Publication number Publication date
GB645121A (en) 1950-10-25
BE481918A (it)
BE480551A (it)

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